Simulation Of Communication Networks Research Articles

Research on Dynamic Updating Technology of Digital Maps for Mobile Communications Based on Multi source Remote Sensing Images

Abstract. With the rapid development of 5G networks in China, mobile communication network simulation technology has gradually become a widely studied direction in the academic and application fields. This study focuses on three-dimensional digital geographic information data for mobile communication, including a large amount of geographic information data that significantly affects the propagation of mobile communication radio waves, such as terrain height and ground use types. These data play a crucial role in coverage prediction, interference analysis, and frequency planning in various telecommunications planning software. This article starts from the perspective of mobile communication network management, and combines typical large-scale terrain data production practice projects for mobile communication to deeply study the process and system function design of combining geographic information systems with multi-source remote sensing data in mobile communication network monitoring and management. On this basis, this study designed and implemented a dynamic updated terrain database for mobile communication. This database can update geographic information data in real-time, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the data. At the same time, by optimizing the database structure and query algorithms, the speed and efficiency of data processing have been improved, providing efficient and reliable solutions for coverage prediction, optimization analysis, and planning management of large-scale mobile communication networks.In summary, dynamic updating database of three-dimensional digital geographic information has important application value in mobile communication network simulation technology. Through in-depth research and application of this database, the performance and service quality of mobile communication networks can be effectively improved, laying a solid foundation for future communication technology development.

An efficient topology partitioning algorithm for system-level parallel simulation of mega satellite constellation communication networks

Satellite Internet, as an important component of the integrated space-ground information network, is a hot research hotspot nowadays. Many scholars have undertaken research in the areas of constellation networking design, network protocol design, and communication performance assessment, and their main research tool is software simulation. Traditional stand-alone network simulation simulators based on OPNET or NS3 are constrained in the simulation efficiency of mega satellite networks because of the limitations of computer hardware conditions and software performance. Based on the above characteristics, we propose a parallel network simulation architecture based on low correlation between different areas of the global satellite network, and in order to improve the parallel network simulation performance, the network topology needs to be divided effectively. Therefore, firstly we consider CPU and memory resource consumption as a measure of topology partitioning performance indicators, propose a resource assessment algorithm and use the result of this assessment as the topology partitioning optimization objective; secondly, we propose a load balancing based intelligent topology partitioning algorithm (LBTP); thirdly, we propose a time slice algorithm (TSA) for parallel simulation in each time cycle. To demonstrate the algorithm proposed in this paper, we built a simulation platform based on the combination of STK (Satellite Tool Kit), OPNET and Proxmox VE, and experimentally verified that the proposed architecture and algorithm significantly improve the simulation efficiency.

Negotiation of the global grid inspection UAV with random delay uncertainty in an information communication network based on a robust fault tolerance mechanism

To accurately simulate the interference mechanism of information communication between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the future global grid system, a type of control based on dynamic simulation of the satellite communication network and robust fault tolerance with a stochastic delay uncertain network system is proposed. Based on the imaginary future of the global energy Internet, with unknown information and communication interference, we established a UAV model from sensor to actuator network delay using a robust, fault-tolerant control algorithm and a satellite communication network model that combined the controller’s mathematical model. The simulation results showed improved power transmission capability and communication coverage ability of UAVs by using the network fault-tolerant control mechanism with uncertain network delay and information communication interference. The stability and anti-interference performance was also significantly improved. This algorithm provides a strategy for the future development of global energy Internet.

Designing inclusion and continuity for resilient communication during disasters

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the challenge of establishing a resilient disaster communication system that transitions seamlessly from a phone-based ad hoc network to any portable infrastructure and back. For this purpose, this paper presents a value-based design of an autonomous and self-organized protocol (SOS-hybrid). This design ensures seamless integration between various communication networks taking local context into account to increase inclusion and continuity of connectivity. SOS-hybrid has two benefits. First, local self-organization can adapt to the local situation in a disaster area. Second, context-awareness can fill in the spatial gaps of coverage associated with top-down approaches. An agent-based modelling approach was used to develop the simulation of the proposed communication network to evaluate the impact of introducing SOS-hybrid in the aftermath of a disaster. SOS-hybrid allows phones to simultaneously provide the benefits of (i) ad hoc mobile networking, allowing hard-to-reach people to connect, and (ii) infrastructure-based communication, allowing phones to more efficiently send messages over long distances. Benefits include two-way communication between community and rescue operators, inclusion and continued connectivity for immobile citizens stuck in isolated out of coverage areas, and seamless transition without loss of messages.

A simulator of optical coherent-state evolution in quantum key distribution systems

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is believed to represent a viable solution to achieve theoretically unconditionally secure key generation. However, the available optical systems for experimental QKD, based on photon transmission, are flawed by non-idealities that ultimately limit the achievable performance. Classical simulation of the optical hardware employed in these systems may take on a determining role in engineering future QKD networks. In this article, attempts for developing a QKD simulator based on low-computational-cost models of the employed hardware are presented. In particular, the simulation infrastructure targets polarization-based QKD setups with faint laser sources, whose behaviour can be described by semiclassical coherent states and Mean Photon Number (MPN) per beam. The effects of passive optical components on the photonic qubit evolution are described by Jones matrices, whose coefficients, for some commercial devices, are stored in an ad-hoc library. Realistic eavesdropping attacks and non-idealities, such as optical losses, fibre attenuation, polarization misalignment and limited efficiency of single-photon detectors, are also taken into account. The infrastructure allows the user to describe the desired QKD configuration and it provides in output the MPN at the receiver and two fiducial performance parameters: Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and secure key rate. The comparison of the simulation results with experimental data in the state-of-the-art literature highlights that this work is a step forward towards the definition of compact models for the hardware-dependent simulation of quantum-assisted communication networks.

Имитационная модель беспроводной ad-hoc сети для исследования алгоритмов маршрутизации трафика

Communication network simulators are software designed to model, explore, test and debug network technologies, including wireless decentralized self-organizing networks or ad-hoc networks. They greatly simplify the research, development and optimization of routing protocols in these networks. However, the well-known simulators have a number of disadvantages, including the difficulty of adding custom extensions to ad-hoc network routing protocols, the lack of the necessary network stack, the lack of routing algorithm visualization modes, low performance, and difficulty in debugging communication protocols. The purpose of this work is to create a simulation model of a wireless network that would allow us to explore, debug and evaluate the developed algorithms and routing protocols for ad-hoc networks. At the same time, the requirements for interface ergonomics and the ability to visualize the operation of algorithms, ensure the collection of statistics, and create various scenarios for the operation of the network come to the fore. The article proposes the structure of the simulation model, which includes the modules of the network subscriber, application software, network layer of the OSI data transmission model, radio module, radio transmission environment, statistics collection, visualization and scenario management. To solve the tasks set, the approach of discrete-event modeling was used. To create a simulator of wireless decentralized networks and routing algorithms, a set of classes was developed that implement the modules of the simulation model. Based on the proposed structure, module classes and discrete event simulation algorithm, a software implementation of the simulation model was created using the C++ programming language and the Qt framework. The developed simulation model was used in the course of an experimental study of the effectiveness of the network routing algorithm. The proposed software will simplify the development and debugging of algorithms and routing protocols for ad-hoc networks.

Performance Evaluation of 5G Millimeter-Wave-Based Vehicular Communication for Connected Vehicles

Due to the drastic increase in the volume of data generated by connected vehicles (CVs), future vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) applications will require a communication medium that offers high-speed and high bandwidth communication while maintaining reliability in high-mobility traffic scenarios. The 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) can solve the communication issues related to V2I applications. However, the performance of the 5G mmWave for vehicular communication in high-mobility urban traffic scenarios is yet to be evaluated. This study presents a case study on assessing the performance of the 5G mmWave-based vehicular communication in such traffic scenarios. We have designed three realistic use cases for performance evaluation based on three challenges: dynamic mobility, increased CV penetration level, and V2I application specifications, such as data rate and packet size. We have also created a simulation-based experimental setup using a microscopic traffic simulator (SUMO) and a communication network simulator (ns-3) to simulate the use cases. We have used delay, packet loss, throughput, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as the communication performance evaluation metrics. Our analyses found that the CV penetration level is the primary determinant of the performance of the 5G mmWave. Moreover, once the data rate is increased by a factor of 40, delay and packet loss increase by factors of 6.8 and 2.8, respectively.

Web-Based Toolkit for Performance Simulation and Analysis of Power Line Communication Networks

AMIs (Advanced Metering Infrastructures) present an important role in Smart City environments, especially from the point of view of distribution and customers, offering control and monitoring capabilities. The use of PLC (Power Line Communication) technology offers a wide range of advantages in AMI, including not needing to deploy an additional communication infrastructure. However, the electrical network was not initially designed for communications, as these networks pose problems depending on the connected loads, such as network impedance variation, frequency selectivity or noise. For this reason, the use of simulators is proposed to facilitate the deployments based on PLC networks, and analysis and diagnosis tools for the identification of problems in operating networks are also required. This paper presents a toolkit for evaluating and analyzing the performance of PLC networks. This toolkit is composed of SimPRIME, a simulator for the evaluation of NB-PLC PRIME (PoweR line Intelligent Metering Evolution) networks’ performance; SimBPL, a simulator for the evaluation of MV-BPL (Broadband Power Line over Medium Voltage) cells’ performance; and PRIME Analytics, a forensics tool that allows diagnosis of communication problems in PRIME operational networks based on traffic traces. The toolkit has been developed throughout several research projects in close collaboration with DSOs (Distribution System Operators) and equipment manufacturers, so they provide solutions to actual problems of these industry key players and have been adapted to facilitate their use. As a result, the tools are accessible through web applications to increase their usability, portability, and scalability. These applications represent the first steps in offering PLC simulation and analysis as a service that could benefit the research community, academia, and industry.

A Framework Coupling VISSIM and OMNeT++ to Simulate Future Intelligent Transportation Systems

With the spread of connected vehicles (CVs), a growth of novel information services exploiting data transmitted by CVs is expected. Wireless communication systems, in particular in vehicular applications, operate with a varying level of transmission reliability, which may affect the quality of V2X-data-driven intelligent transport systems (ITS). Therefore, the performance of ITS should be evaluated in a variety of conditions and the configuration of parameters should be fine-tuned in a safe testbed, using computer simulations. A simple framework is presented, which couples VISSIM traffic simulation and OMNeT++ communication networks simulation in real time, enabling an assessment of the relationship between a communication reliability and transport service quality. A functionality of the framework is demonstrated by applying it to a scheme controlling signalized intersections while estimating traffic flows from the V2I data.

Real-time controller hardware-in-the-loop co-simulation testbed for cooperative control strategy for cyber-physical power system

Various distributed cooperative control schemes have been widely utilized for cyber-physical power system (CPPS), which only require local communications among geographic neighbors to fulfill certain goals. However, the process of evaluating the performance of an algorithm for a CPPS can be affected by the physical target characteristics and real communication conditions. To address this potential problem, a testbed with controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) is proposed in this paper. On the basis of a power grid simulation conducted using the real-time simulator RT-LAB developed by the company OPAL-RT, along with a communication network simulation developed with OPNET, multiple distributed controllers were developed with hardware devices to directly collect the real-time operating data of the power system model in RT-LAB and provide local control. Furthermore, the communication between neighboring controllers was realized using the cyber system model in OPNET with an Ethernet interface. The hardware controllers produced a real-world control behavior instead of a digital simulation, and precisely simulated the dynamic features of a CPPS with high speed. A classic cooperative control case for active power output was studied to explain the integrated simulation process and validate the effectiveness of the co-simulation testbed.

Communication Network Simulation for Smart Metering Applications: A Review

Many countries are witnessing the deployment of millions of smart meters, as they strive to upgrade their traditional grid to the smart grid already prominent in the developed parts of the world. Communication networks that can offer high-speed communication will be required for transmission of the copious amount of data resulting from the numerous smart meters and other intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in the distribution network substation. Therefore, there is a need to critically assess the available communication infrastructure for eventual upgrade and deployment. In this paper, a survey of the communication network and networks simulation software used for this purpose was carried out, with specific emphasis on smart metering applications. Some critical requirements identified are security, quality of service (QoS) and optimal cost for system operation. Also discussed are methods employed in the works of literature to handle the critical issues raised. For data transmission between the meters and data concentrators; power line communication (PLC) was mostly cost-effective and hence, mostly deployed. In the wireless category, ZigBee (802.15.4), Wi-Fi (802.11), and WiMAX (802.16) among others are suitable and have been successfully deployed. OPNET, NS-3, NS-2, and OMNET++ have been successfully employed for communication network simulations in smart metering applications.

Communication Network for Smart Microgrid

This paper conveys development, validation and performance analysis of a communication network for facilitating bi-directional communication in a microgrid adhering to smart grid communication standards. The work encompasses proposing a suitable topology for the communication network and communication technology selection from among technologies like IEEE 802.3, 802.11, 802.15.4 for data transfer by performing communication network simulation in Netsim, a network simulation software. The simulation in Netsim delivers the performance of communication network for various technologies through performance indices like throughput, packet delivery ratio, round trip delay, collisions, protocol overhead time, network setup time etc. Netsim simulation of the heterogeneous communication network, selected from analysis of communication network simulation using multiple technologies, enables its performance validation. This work renders better comprehension in realization of Wide Area Measurement System for real time data collection and status update, Wide Area Control Systems for real time control and Advanced Metering Infrastructure for user integration transforming a microgrid to a smart microgrid.

Impact of communication latency on distributed optimal power flow performance

In this work, we study the performance of a distributed optimal power flow control algorithm with respect to realistic communication quality of service. By making use of a communication network simulator, namely “GNS3”, we created a framework that simulates both the controllers involved in the optimal power flow algorithm and the communication between them. Using this platform, we investigate and give insights into the convergence time of the distributed algorithm when applied to the IEEE 13 and IEEE 123 node test feeders. By leveraging the simulation results, we define parameters on the network quality of service, such that the distributed optimal power flow algorithm could be used for secondary or tertiary control.To deal with the complexity induced by a large number of components involved in these simulations, we present a methodology to automate and streamline the generation and the analysis of simulation scenarios.

Integration of SCADA Services and Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Technique in Cross-Infrastructure Holistic Tests of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems

Cyber-physical energy system (CPES)—complex juxtaposition of multiple energy domains and communication and automation technologies—requires a sophisticated testing framework to achieve holistic assessment and validation, especially at large scale. In this article, the real supervision, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system of CPES is integrated with the advanced techniques—real-time simulation (RTS) and power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL), in a cross-infrastructure manner to create a realistic validation environment for CPES. On the one hand, the method can be applied to extend the capacity of the infrastructures as well as creating a common resource and expertise pool. On the other hand, this approach combines the realistic data and advanced SCADA services with the flexibility of the RTS platform, which provides the possibility to emulate extreme and faulty scenarios with virtual equipment and topology. The proposed approach is demonstrated via a case study of analyzing the impact of communication on advanced voltage and frequency restoration in an isolated microgrid. The case study is implemented on two remote platforms PREDIS-PRISMES (70 km apart). The validation framework comprises the RTS and PHIL platform coupled with the OPC UA SCADA system in PRISMES, the control algorithm and the communication network simulator located in PREDIS platform.

Fault Tolerance Mechanism of a Distributed System for Marine Communication Network

Sun, J., 2020. Fault tolerance mechanism of distributed system for marine communication network. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 605–608. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.When the communication network fails or the signal is interrupted, the distributed fault-tolerant system can continue to complete the communication task, which is needed to improve the fault-tolerant performance of the distributed system. Therefore, the key technologies of fault tolerance need to be studied, including the distributed fault-tolerant communication network simulation platform, the communication-network information-storage data structure, the communication protocol between communication network nodes, and the fault-tolerant algorithm of distributed communication network system. In the marine environment, the fleet exchanges data through wireless networks to understand the situation of the fleet-detection area, which can share the processing and calculation tasks. However, the marine environment is complex and changeable, which can cause great interference to the wireless signal, such as sea and cloud-rain clutter. These marine environments will cause the network communication signals to be greatly disturbed, which makes the distributed system unable to guarantee the communication interconnection between each node at any time. Therefore, a data-sharing and distributed-system platform needs to be built, which will design a reasonable system fault-tolerance mechanism. Through the fault-tolerance mechanism of the communication network system, the problem of frequent-node exits can be solved. By optimizing the fault-tolerant strategy of distributed architecture, the system's disaster resistance can be improved. In this research, a fault-tolerance mechanism for a distributed system was designed, which is more suitable for node election.

Enabling performance and security simulation studies of intelligent traffic signal light control with VENTOS-HIL

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) simulators have gained widespread adoption in the research community given the fact that they can simulate near real life scenarios to evaluate driver-safety applications without endangering human lives. In this paper, we present the VEhicular NeTwork Open Simulator (VENTOS), a closed-loop VANET simulator that combines the capabilities of both communication network (OMNET++) and vehicular traffic simulators (SUMO). As an alternative to current proprietary VANET simulators, VENTOS is a free, open-source simulator that is designed for vehicular traffic flow analysis and can incorporate new control logic, such as intelligent traffic controller, collaborative driving, dynamic routing, and self-driving capability. VENTOS supports V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) communication through dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) integration. This paper will give an overview of the VENTOS architecture and its extension, VENTOS-HIL, which supports hardware-in-the-loop emulation using physical devices such as On-Board Units (OBUs) or Roadside Units (RSUs). We then demonstrate how VENTOS can be utilized to simulate and evaluate the performance of multi-modal, adaptive traffic signal control (TSC) as well as to illustrate the security vulnerability of intelligent TSC in the presence of falsified data attacks.

Aggregated Traffic Models for Real-World Data in the Internet of Things

Traffic models play a key role in the analysis, design and simulation of communication networks. The availability of accurate models is essential to investigate the impact of traffic patterns created by the introduction of new services such as those forecasted for the Internet of Things (IoT). The Poisson model has historically been a popular aggregated traffic model and has been extensively used by the IoT research community. However, the Poisson model implicitly assumes an infinite number of traffic sources, which may not be a valid assumption in various plausible application scenarios. The practical conditions under which the Poisson model is valid in the context of IoT have not been fully investigated, in particular under a finite (and possibly reduced) number of traffic sources with random inter-arrival times. In this context, this letter derives exact mathematical models for the packet inter-arrival times of aggregated IoT data traffic based on the superposition of a finite number of traffic sources, each of which is modelled based on real-world experimental data from typical IoT sensors (temperature, light and motion). The obtained exact models are used to explore the validity of the Poisson model, showing that it can be extremely inaccurate when a reduced number of traffic sources is considered. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the importance of having accurate and realistic models such as those presented in this letter.

Research on Communication Network Configuration and Simulation of Smart Substation Based on Ethernet

The characters of the intelligent substation communication network structure are analyzed in the paper. Combining existing integrated automation substation hardware circuit and VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) research foundation to optimize the network configuration. In accordance with IEC61850 standard, the network is partitioned into several VLANs based on the Tag VLAN division method of ID address. Real-time communication packets between GOOSE networks, SV (sampling information) networks, and switches use 802.1Q protocol headers to distinguish these packets. Finally, OPNET simulation software was used to simulate and verify the simplified dual-star topology. The results demonstrate that the delay and traffic bandwidth meet the requirements of actual substation operation standards. Compared with ordinary single-star networks, the reliability is greatly improved and the effectiveness is improved.

Verification and analysis of mobile communication network simulation method based on reverse coverage test

The common mobile communication network simulation method is to use the terminal to measure the downlink data of the base station and carry out the coverage simulation analysis of the mobile communication network. The test workload is large, the labor cost is high, and the accuracy deviation is large.The distributed base station is used to test the uplink data of the terminal, and the wireless link algorithm is used to carry out the coverage simulation analysis of the mobile communication network, so as to collect big data and high precision. Combined with the high-speed distribution processing capacity of the new generation of mobile communication network, the network test, simulation and analysis can be completed.Through verification and comparison, this method has many data sampling points, good real-time performance and high accuracy, and provides technical support for future automatic network planning and intelligent network optimization.

A large scale power communication network simulation system based on big graph database

The power communication network can be abstracted as a graph based on its topology. In this paper, we propose an approach to conduct simulations of power communication network based on its graph representation. In particular, the nodes and edges in the graph refer to the ports and channels in the grid topology. Different applications on the grid can be transformed into queries over the graph. Hence, in this paper, we build our grid simulation model based on the Neo4j graph database. We also propose a fault extension algorithm based on predicate calculus. Our experiment evaluations show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the efficiency of the power grid.