Simulated Body Fluid For Periods Research Articles

A comparison of degradation rate bone scaffold morphology between computer simulation and experimental approach

The objective of this research is to validate the behavior of degradation rate within porous magnesium scaffolds in terms of morphological which includes weight loss after degradation by means of micro-computed tomography (µCT) based on image processing. The main contribution of this work is finding another method to determine morphology based on computer simulation. In the present study, bone scaffold specimens made of pure magnesium that was prepared with three different percentages of porosities 30%, 41%, and 55%. There were immersed and subjected to the dynamic flow rate of simulated body fluid for periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. One sample of each specimen was scanned by µCT with a resolution of 17 µm. The cross-sections of raw data were superimposed by using MIMICS software to form a 3D reconstruction of the samples after degradation. The degradation morphology was collected from the simulation and showed good agreement with the experimental results by only less than 2%. Based on the simulation results, it is possible to give a recommendation for the alternative way in the morphological study of orthopedic applications.

Novel poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) composite films containing bioactive glass nanoparticles for wound healing applications

AbstractBioactive glass is considered an ideal material for haemostasis as it releases Ca2+ ions upon hydration, which is required to support thrombosis. In this study the effects of the presence of nanoscaled bioactive glass (n‐BG) in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) microsphere films on the structural properties, thermal properties and biocompatibility of the films were studied. The n‐BG with a high surface area was also tested for its in vitro haemostatic efficacy and was found to be able to successfully reduce clot detection time. In an effort to study the effect of the roughness induced by the formation of hydroxyapatite on cellular functions such as cell adhesion, cell mobility and cell differentiation, the composite films were immersed in simulated body fluid for periods of 1, 3 and 7 days. From scanning electron microscopy images, the surface of the P(3HB)/n‐BG composite microsphere films appeared fairly uniform and smooth on day 1; however on day 3 and day 7 a rough and uneven surface was observed. The presence of hydroxyapatite on the composite microsphere films on day 3 and day 7 influenced the surface roughness of the films. However, when the P(3HB)/n‐BG composite microsphere films with enhanced surface roughness were tested for biocompatibility, reduced amounts of protein adsorption and cell adhesion were observed. This study thus revealed that there is an optimal surface roughness for the P(3HB) microsphere films for increased cell adhesion, beyond which it could be deleterious for cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

Near-surfacein vitrostudies of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings

Coatings of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAp), incubated in simulated body fluid for periods varying from 1 to 56 days, were characterized using conventional laboratory X rays. Quantitative phase analysis, employingTOPASsoftware, showed an opposite trend in the two main phases of the coating, viz., HAp and tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP). The former increased within the first 7 days of incubation whilst the latter decreased during the same period; both phases stabilized with further incubation. The crystallinity of the coatings exhibited a trend similar to that of HAp i.e., an increase in the early stages of incubation stabilization with further incubation. Results of residual stress determined with Bruker’s D8 Discover and analyzed withLEPTOSsoftware, showed both the normal stress tensor components,σ11andσ22, to be tensile, relaxing significantly in the early stages of incubation before stabilizing with further incubation.

Sodium-Bioglass/Polythene Composites

We present the studies conducted on sodium–bioglass/polythene (Na–BG/PE) composites and their bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF). Several compositions of Na–BG/PE composites were made by hot pressing and the activity studies of the samples were carried out by immersing the composites in SBF for periods of 7, 14, and 21 days. The activity of the samples was confirmed by the cauliflower-like growth of phosphates on the surface of the samples observed in an environmental scanning electron microscope and further confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). X-ray diffraction showed the presence of various types of calcium phosphate phases. Ionic movement was observed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy from the sample to the SBF solution and the reverse trend was observed on the surface of the sample by EDS. Modulus of rupture of the composites increased when the polymer content was increased up to 30% by weight of polythene, beyond which the processing of composites became difficult.