Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Model Research Articles

Effects of non-linearity and thixotropy in linear amplitude sweep testing for the evaluation of self-healing of bituminous binders

Linear amplitude sweep tests have been demonstrated to have good potential in being used for the evaluation of self-healing properties of neat and polymer-modified bituminous binders. Past research works, however, have neglected the effects of material non-linearity and thixotropy. This implies that the whole material integrity loss is attributed to damage and all restoration to self-healing, thus resulting in the possible overestimate of both damage and self-healing when evaluating the fatigue performance of materials. In the study described in this paper, specific experimental and analytical methods were adopted with the purpose of separating non-linearity and thixotropy in LAS healing tests. Non-linearity was assessed by means of multiple strain sweep tests carried out to determine the material non-linear viscoelastic moduli at specific testing temperatures. Thixotropy was considered by coupling self-healing LAS testing with a purposely defined test in which loading was applied to the undamaged material after a rest period equal to that applied in self-healing tests. Obtained results were processed by means of an analytical approach based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model. Quantification of self-healing included the determination of material integrity and damage parameters recovered after the rest period. Such parameters, calculated by excluding time-dependent and non-linear biasing effects, can be used as straightforward indicators of the self-healing potential of neat and polymer-modified bituminous binders. Moreover, obtained results substantiate the concept that time–temperature superposition is still applicable when non-linearity is incorporated into the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model.

Evaluating the Fatigue-Cracking Resistance of North Dakota’s Asphalt Mixtures

Fatigue cracking is a critical pavement distress caused by extreme environmental conditions and heavy repeated cyclic loading. Performance-based design methods that use mechanistic models focus on material performance properties, creating an opportunity to use engineered and recycled materials such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The primary goal of this study was to use the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model to assess the fatigue behavior of North Dakota’s asphalt mixtures. Eight mixtures typically used in North Dakota were sampled and underwent | E*| testing to determine their linear viscoelastic (LVE) properties. The S-VECD tests were conducted on the same mixtures to determine their damage characteristics. The outputs from the two tests were exported to the FlexMATTM software to obtain their damage characteristic curves, DR failure criterion parameters, and Sapp-index values. CT-index values for the same mixtures were obtained from the North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT). The results revealed that the mixture used for HWY 52, which does not contain RAP, was least susceptible to fatigue cracking. The mixture used for HWY 6, which contains the highest RAP content (25%), had the lowest fatigue resistance, revealing RAP’s stiffening effect on asphalt mixtures. The mixture used for HWY 1, which used the performance grade (PG) 58S-34 binder, had the second-highest fatigue-cracking resistance despite containing 15% RAP, indicating that binder grade affects an asphalt mixture’s fatigue behavior. A relatively low correlation was observed between the CT-index and Sapp-index.

Modeling damage caused by combined thermal and traffic loading using viscoelastic continuum damage theory

Various engineering models have been proposed to mitigate fatigue cracking associated with thermal and traffic loadings, which are the two primary fatigue cracking mechanisms that negatively affect the service life of asphalt pavement. Thermal fatigue cracking is induced by cycles of temperature changes with relatively long time periods, which can be regarded as slow frequency sinusoidal loading. Traffic fatigue cracking is induced by numerous vehicle load repetitions and is often characterized using fast frequency sinusoidal loading. These two loading types occur simultaneously in the field. In order to investigate how to properly model the damage due to these two loading types, a set of tests that vary the load, frequency, and mode of testing was designed to mimic the scenarios that asphalt pavements experience under thermal loading and traffic loading separately and under the combined and simultaneous effects of both thermal and traffic loading. The viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) model was applied to simulate the changes in material integrity under each condition. After determining the appropriate configuration for the proposed prediction model, the material integrity predictions were found to be accurate for the fast frequency tests but less accurate for the slow frequency tests. This difference is attributable to plasticity being a much more significant factor under slow frequency conditions than under fast frequency conditions. For the tests combining both fast and slow frequency conditions, the material integrity results oscillated continuously. It was postulated that these oscillations were due to the recovery mechanisms of asphalt concrete such as nonlinearity and healing. When the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model was applied, which does not consider the material’s recovery characteristics, the predicted material integrity was able to match the overall trend observed in the tests. Ultimately, a new way to model combined damage simultaneously under two cracking mechanisms (thermal fatigue cracking and traffic fatigue cracking) is introduced in this paper.

Development of a Framework for Assessing Bitumen Fatigue Cracking Performance under Different Temperatures and Aging Conditions

A full understanding of bitumen fatigue cracking behavior is extremely important as this phenomenon has a considerable influence on bituminous pavement performance. The current framework for assessing this asphalt binder property is inconsistent in ranking bitumen fatigue performance in terms of the failure definition and damage characteristic curve (DCC) analysis. This study used four different types of asphalt binders: neat asphalt (NA), self-healing thermoplastic polyurethane (STP)-modified bitumen, self-healing poly (dimethyl siloxane) crosslinked with urea bond (IPA1w)-modified bitumen, and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified bitumen (SBSB). All the bitumens were subjected to short-term and long-term aging, and they were also tested by utilizing the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test and the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model. LAS and S-VECD procedures were used to apply the newly proposed and current frameworks in order to analyze bitumen performance. The current framework showed that the bitumens that used a higher number of loading cycles (N) to reach their failure points (Nf) failed to exhibit greater fatigue performances in terms of DCC analysis. The developed framework (mainly based on the damage intensity [S] instead of N) was used to solve the inconsistency between the failure definition and DCC assessment in ranking bitumen performance. Additionally, the current framework (failure criterion) presented two R2 values below 0.1, but the developed framework (failure criterion) showed that all R2 values were greater than 0.9. The developed framework represents a turning point because, for the first time, this type of procedure is mainly being based on S instead of N. Although further tests are needed to confirm its efficiency, it eliminates the inconsistency between the failure definition and DCC assessment.

Quantitative analysis of oxidative aging effects on the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model

Fatigue cracking evolution in asphalt pavement is coupled by the oxidative aging of asphalt binder throughout its lifespan. Identifying the quantitative effects of asphalt binder aging on the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixture is important for the long-life design of asphalt pavements. In this study, two fatigue indexes (DR and Sapp) derived from the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model, were used to evaluate the fatigue resistance of laboratory-aged asphalt mixtures. Asphalt binders were extracted from aged asphalt mixtures and tested by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess their aging state based on two aging indexes, the carbonyl index and the sulfoxide index. It was found that the aging indexes and fatigue indexes are well related through two power functions. Hence, the relationship between aging evolution and fatigue modelling of asphalt mixtures can be well quantified. It is anticipated that these aging-fatigue functions can assist in modelling and predicting the fatigue resistance for asphalt pavements in the field.

A proposed approach for accurate fatigue quantification of the base asphalt binders coupling nonlinear viscoelastic effects in S-VECD theoretical framework

The nonlinear viscoelasticity (NLVE) effects at high loading amplitudes are neglected in the stiffness evolution and fatigue quantification for asphalt binders. This study is to determine the applicability of the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model considering NLVE effects to the fatigue test protocols of asphalt binders at high strain levels, and to identify the real damage degradation and fatigue life quantification. An equivalent non-linear complex modulus (|G*|NLVE) of the NLVE-based S-VECD model was proposed and quantified by incremental stress sweep testing. A refined fatigue failure criterion GRNL was proposed in the NLVE model. The effectiveness of NLVE on the released pseudo-strain energy (PSE) and failure criteria was also verified. |G*|NLVE values in NLVE region are lower than |G*|LVE values in LVE region. The linear viscoelasticity (LVE)-based S-VECD model overestimates the damage effectiveness on the stiffness degradation. A significant difference exists between the NLVE and LVE models in the damage characteristic curves of the asphalt binders. The actual damage quantified by the NLVE model is lower than that of the LVE model. For both types of binder, the GRNL parameter remains well linear with the fatigue life (Nf). The linear relationship between the released PSE shrinkage values (ΔΣWrR) and the reduced damage (ΔS) is clear when comparing the LVE and NLVE models. The NLVE model predicted a higher fatigue life for asphalt binders than that predicted by the LVE model. The fatigue life determined by the NLVE model exhibits a linear functionality to that quantified by the LVE model, which further validates the applicability and validity of the NLVE model for the diagnosis of fatigue measurement. In contrast, the NLVE-based S-VECD model predicts the fatigue life of asphalt binders under practical service conditions more closely to the mechanical response under actual traffic loads.

Asphalt mixture fatigue damage and failure predictions using the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model

Fatigue cracking is a primary asphalt pavement distress and various models have been developed to predict the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures using laboratory tests. One such model is the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model, which has been implemented in the pavement performance prediction program, FlexPAVETM. The S-VECD model test protocols (AASHTO TP 133 and AASHTO T 400) and data processing tool (FlexMATTM) are widely used around the world. Over the past three decades, this model has been continuously improved and refined. However, questions remain on the model’s ability to predict the material response when stress or strain are used as the model input. Also, different fitting procedures for the model calibration were found to affect the model’s prediction accuracy. In this study, analysis was conducted using data for four typical North Carolina mixes based on single replicate tests and multiple replicate tests to compare the model’s prediction accuracy based on stress versus strain as the model input and by considering fitting errors in the different calculations. The results show that using strain as the model input, which automatically incorporates portions of permanent strain, yields more accurate predictions compared to using stress as the input, regardless of the fitting algorithm. Additionally, in the analysis of individual test data, which is not affected by replicate specimen variability, the model’s predictions match the measured data well, as long as the fitting errors of the damage characteristic curve are controlled. When the data from replicate tests are analyzed together, although specimen variability compromises the S-VECD model’s prediction accuracy, failure can still be reasonably determined when strain is used as the model input.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fatigue and Healing Capacity of Sasobit Polymer-Modified Asphalt from Two Perspectives: Binder and FAM

Wax-based Sasobit synthetic hard wax can be designed for producing asphalt with less energy consumption and lower carbon emissions in the pavement industry. This study investigated the effectiveness of Sasobit synthetic hard wax on microscopic properties, fatigue-fracture behavior, and healing potential of polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) from two perspectives: asphalt binder and fine aggregate matrix (FAM). First, microscopic morphology, dispersion mechanism, and thermal stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)– and crumb rubber (CR)–modified asphalt binders under the influence of Sasobit synthetic hard wax were characterized. Second, linear viscoelastic properties and evolution law of fatigue life of Sasobit synthetic hard wax/polymer-modified asphalt binders and FAM with and without healing interval were assessed under the framework of the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model. Third, the correlation between properties of the modified asphalt binder and FAM was statistically analyzed by radar chart. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that Sasobit synthetic hard wax enhanced the thermal stability of PMA but slightly reduced the low-temperature performance. Morphological observations showed that Sasobit synthetic hard wax had limited effectiveness on the dispersion of the polymer particles in PMA. Dynamic modulus master curves and fatigue and healing tests demonstrated that Sasobit synthetic hard wax contributes to the stiffness, fatigue resistance, and self-healing capability of the asphalt binder and mixture. Finally, statistical analysis revealed that the asphalt binder performance lacked a close correlation with the FAM owing to the complex composition system.

Linear viscoelasticity and fatigue life: Relationships between properties of asphalt binders and corresponding mixtures

Asphalt mixture performance is affected by binder’s and aggregate’s properties. Mixtures and binders share some Linear ViscoElastic (LVE) properties when small number of loading cycles and strains are considered. It is still unclear how fatigue properties relate among different scales. Three binders associated to three mixtures were characterised by stiffness (ASTM D 7175 and AASTHO T342) and fatigue (AASHTO TP107) standard tests. For stiffness modelling, complex modulus was represented by the 2S2P1D model, while the SHStS (Shift-Homothety-Shift in time-Shift) transformation was used to relate the material scales. S-VECD (Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage) model was used to describe fatigue. Six out of the nine 2S2P1D model constants fitted to the binder’s complex modulus data could be kept the same for their corresponding mixtures. SHStS proved suitable for material upscaling, showing that mixtures inherit most of their LVE behaviour from binders. Although it was difficult to relate S-VECD model constants among the different scales, classical fatigue parameters (γ6 and ε6, strain levels for fatigue failure after a million cycles) suggested good correlation between binders’ and mixtures’ fatigue properties.

Aging effect of damp-heat and saline-alkali environment on fatigue performance and chemical evolution of asphalt

ABSTRACT Asphalt in damp-heat and saline-alkali areas is prone to damage, which resulting in fatigue failure of the mixture. However, the aging damage of asphalt in these areas has not been paid enough attention, and there is a lack of effective evaluation method for asphalt’s fatigue performance. In this paper, the base asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt were immersed in several solutions (water, NaCl and Na2CO3) to simulate aging conditions and the frequency sweep test was employed to determine the viscoelasticity properties of the asphalt. And the fatigue properties of the asphalt were analysed by the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model. The microstructural and chemical evolution of asphalt was investigated by SEM, FTIR, the pH value and total organic carbon tests. After being immersed, the anti-deformation properties of two asphalts were strengthened. The solution erosion led to an increased loss rate of the integrity factor C*, and resulting in weakened fatigue properties of asphalt. The oxygen-containing functional group gradually increased with the extension of immersion. There were chemical interactions in addition to physical interface disruption during the immersion process. Moreover, the influence of Na2CO3 solution on asphalt ranked first due to the highest molar concentration of Na+ and the OH− produced by hydrolysis of C O 3 2 − .

Reliability analysis of damage prediction in asphalt pavement sections using FlexPAVETM program and S-VECD fatigue model

ABSTRACT With mechanistic and mechanistic-empirical modelling of pavement performance there are a considerable number of uncertainties that are inherent in the prediction process. Many of these sources of uncertainty are challenging to quantify, but one that is technically possible to evaluate is the effect of uncertainty in the characterisation and modelling of the mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete. In this study, the Bayesian inference-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was used to estimate how uncertainties from the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model parameters propagate to pavement performance simulation errors in the FlexPAVETM program. Performance predictions were evaluated based on the propagation of three different material parameter uncertainties; (1) modulus, (2) damage characteristic curves, and (3) failure criterion. These factors were systematically varied according to chosen reliability levels and using data from real-world experimental data on different asphalt mixtures. High-performance computing resources were then used to predict pavement performance on the thousands of different combinations of material property uncertainty, and a simplified prediction algorithm was developed to more easily estimate the uncertainty. The results show that the simplified uncertainty prediction model could estimate the reliability of the damage and cracking predictions from FlexPAVETM within 1.2% and 4.8%, respectively.

A more accurate fatigue characterization of GO-modified asphalt binder considering non-linear viscoelastic behaviour and UV exposure effects

The non-linear viscoelastic (NLVE) behaviour at high load levels is often neglected when characterizing the fatigue performance of asphalt materials, leading to a conservative or even underestimated assessment of the fatigue durability. The incremental stress sweep tests were conducted to define the threshold load amplitudes of the graphene oxide-modified asphalt binders (GO-MA) in the NLVE domain. The linear and non-linear dynamic shear modulus (|G*|LVE and |G*|NLVE) at fatigue test conditions were separately incorporated into the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model to rigorously quantify the fatigue life of asphalt binders. The damage evolution and the corresponding fatigue life of GO-MA binders in LVE-based and NLVE-based S-VECD models were analyzed comparatively. The outcomes manifested that GO nanoparticles could enhance the fatigue life of the asphalt binder. The comparison outcomes demonstrate an increase in fatigue life prediction for the base binder and GO-MA when both NLVE behavior and aging effects are taken into account.

Fatigue behaviour of plant produced asphalt mixtures through viscoelastic continuum damage model

Fatigue cracking is one of the main failure modes in asphalt pavements, and is characterised by the accumulation of damage from traffic loading repetition. This research evaluated 24 asphalt mixtures effectively used in Brazilian highways. Hot and warm mixtures produced in plants were analysed, aiming to characterise and evaluate asphalt concretes with different aggregates, different types of binders and produced by different plants. Complex modulus and fatigue tests were performed. 2S2P1D rheological model (two springs, two parabolic elements and one dashpot) and the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model for fatigue were applied. The FlexPAVE™ software was used for analysis of pavement performance. The linear viscoleastic behaviour evaluation suggesting a higher stiffness of mixtures with conventional binder at low temperatures and high frequencies, and a greater stiffness of mixtures with polymer modified binder (PMB) for the domain of high temperatures and low frequencies. PMB and rubber asphalt mixtures generally have better fatigue performance than conventional binder mixtures. There are indications that more cubic and less lamellar aggregates provide better fatigue performance. As expected and reported in the literature, no correlations were found between viscoelastic linear behaviour and fatigue, except for a possible correlation with the phase angle master curve peak.

VECD method as a tool for evaluation of pavement structure fatigue performance

The technical progress and introduction of advanced materials with superior properties, e.g. asphalt mixtures containing highly modified asphalt binders (HiMA), necessitates investigations of methods that would enable comprehensive consideration of characteristics of the new materials in calculations. Such methods may include the methodology based on viscoelastic continuum damage model (VECD). The article presents the VECD model and its potential for use in pavement structure design. Individual components of the method are described: the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle, continuum damage mechanics and the time-temperature superposition principle with growing damage. The concept of calculations using the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model (S-VECD) is presented as well. The article also includes descriptions of the established failure criteria and the test methods that provide input data. Closing sections of the article present an example of comparative analysis using the S-VECD method for structures with HiMA mixtures in base layer only and and HiMA mixtures in all layers (full-HiMA structures).

Fatigue performance of asphalt pavements with highly polymer-modified asphalt binders

The paper briefly discusses traditional asphalt pavements designing methods of designing of asphalt pavements developed in the second half of the 20th century. In comparison, it presents the assumptions and derivations of a modern method based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model together with its necessary input data. In the second part of the article, structures for two different traffic load categories - heavy traffic and extreme traffic - were analysed. For each traffic load categories two types of constructions were compared - reference construction - made with typical neat asphalt binder in base course and construction with anti-fatigue base layer made with highly polymer modified asphalt binder (HiMA). Fatigue performance of each structure was estimated using two methods - Asphalt Institute method and S-VECD method. Results showed that approach using the Asphalt Institute equations is correct for unmodified asphalt materials, while for the asphalt mixtures with a high elastomer content it generates rather doubtful results. The example presented that it is possible the possibility of to captureing the field performance of HiMA with the S-VECD method.

Use of Resampling Method to Construct Variance Index and Repeatability Limit of Damage Characteristic Curve

The simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model has been widely accepted as a tool to predict fatigue performance of asphalt concrete. One key component in the model is the damage characteristic curve that results from a cyclic fatigue test. This curve characterizes the relationship between material integrity (stiffness) and the level of damage in the material. As with any experimental measurement, it is important to know and quantify the variability of the damage curve, but traditional statistical methods are ill-suited for experiments that yield functional data as opposed to univariate data. In this study, a variance index of the damage characteristic curve is first proposed and compared with the expert judgment of the variance of a set of nine different asphalt mixtures. Then, an example analysis for establishing the repeatability limit of a specific mixture as the application of the variance index is presented using the resampling method and hypothesis test. The major findings are as follows: 1) the proposed variance index can match the expert judgment of variability; 2) the shape of the damage characteristic curve can affect the performance of the variance index; 3) the resampling method and hypothesis test can be applied to flag inconsistent data in multi-user or multi-laboratory results; and 4) the resampling method can also be used to construct the repeatability limit of the variance index.

Effect of colloidal instability on the rheological and fatigue properties of asphalt binders

The main objective of the study described in this paper was to identify possible relationships between the chemical composition and the rheological and fatigue properties of asphalt binders.In order to address such an issue, two asphalt binders of different penetration grade were subjected to four ageing treatments of increasing severity, with the consequent change of their chemical composition. Chemical analyses were performed by means of thin layer chromatography, with the evaluation of the relative percentages of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA fractions) and with the corresponding calculation of the colloidal instability index. For the assessment of their rheological properties, virgin and aged binders were subjected to rotational viscosity and frequency sweep tests. Fatigue behavior was evaluated by means of linear amplitude sweep tests and corresponding results were analyzed by means of the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model. Obtained results, which were also used for the calculation of purposely defined ageing indices, showed that there is a strong correlation between the colloidal instability of asphalt binders and their properties evaluated both in flow conditions and in the linear viscoelastic region. In particular, higher levels of instability are associated to a more viscous and stiffer response regardless of the type of considered original binder. Results from fatigue tests demonstrated that damage endurance is also affected by the degree of instability. However, it was found that correlations exist only when the degree of colloidal instability is below a certain threshold. Above such a limit, fatigue resistance collapses and no prediction of endurance is possible. Although the outcomes of this study need to be supplemented by further research, they are useful to pavement engineers for a better understanding of the behavior of aged asphalt binders and of the mechanisms which underly chemical ageing.

Evaluating the effect of amine-based anti-stripping agent on the fatigue life of asphalt pavements

ABSTRACT Aggregate-binder adhesiveness is a property that can affect the service life of asphalt pavements. In order to reduce the effects of the loss of adhesion between aggregates and binders over time, lime or amine-based anti-stripping agents are commonly used. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of using an amine-based anti-stripping agent on the fatigue life of asphaltic pavements. Stiffness characterisation, the Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage model, and the software FlexPAVE™ were used. Two different layered structures were analysed: one with a 0.10 m asphalt layer thickness, and another with a combination of two 0.05 m asphalt layers, with the same 0.10 m total asphalt layers thickness. The 10 years fatigue simulation was considered with 1,000,100 total ESALs traffic volume, single wheel loading of 40 kN, traffic speed of 60 km/h, and constant temperature of 20°C. It was concluded that mixtures with anti-stripping agent and/or granitic aggregate showed better fatigue behaviour than mixtures with neat binder and/or phonolitic aggregate. All investigated pavements showed bottom-up predicted crack initiation. It is more recommended to use the mixtures with amine-based anti-stripping agent on the bottom asphalt layer and mixtures with neat binder on the top layer.

Development of preliminary transfer functions for performance predictions in FlexPAVE™

Mechanistic-empirical design and performance-related specifications are state-of-the-art tools for designing pavements and determining incentives/disincentives for paving contracts. These methods require the reliable prediction of pavement performance throughout the pavement’s design life. One such prediction program is FlexPAVE™, which applies three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element analysis with moving loads to calculate the pavement’s mechanical responses under traffic loading and given climate data. The simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model and shift model are used to calculate the fatigue damage in the pavement’s cross-section and the rut depths, respectively. With regard to fatigue damage, a fatigue transfer function is needed to convert the computed cross-sectional damaged area (i.e., the damage level) to the cracked area on the pavement surface. With regard to rut depth, a rutting transfer function is needed to calibrate the predicted rut depths. In this study, preliminary transfer functions for the predicted fatigue damage and rut depths were developed using four sets of field measurement data obtained from test sections in the United States, Canada, and South Korea that include interstate highways and an accelerated testing facility. Good agreement between the predicted performance and field observations was found after calibration of FlexPAVE™.

Estimating asphalt binder fatigue at multiple temperatures using a simplified pseudo-strain energy analysis approach in the LAS test

The linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test is considered an effective tool for evaluating the fatigue behavior of asphalt binders. However, because of the inherent viscoelastic nature of binders their fatigue life varies with temperatures. This leads to a challenge of selecting the LAS testing temperature for screening binders. Recently, an idea of incorporating the time–temperature superposition into the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model based on the pseudo-strain energy (PSE) concept is suggested as an opportunity for predicting the fatigue behavior at other temperatures of interest. This study investigates the temperature dependency of the material integrity-damage intensity (C-Damage Intensity) curves derived from the PSE analysis. The results show that the time–temperature superposition is not always applicable for the C-Damage Intensity curves in the PSE analysis. It is however found that those curves at various temperatures have their inherent correlation, allowing the prediction of fatigue behavior at other temperatures. A simplified approach is introduced in this study in which the shift factors measured from frequency sweep portion of LAS tests are used to predict the C-Damage Intensity curves and calculate the fatigue life at other temperatures. The results from this approach is found to correlate very well with the measured fatigue life of asphalt binders.