Simple Quantitative Analysis Research Articles

Analysis of the Influence of Tambakrigagadung Landfill Leachate Characteristics on Water Quality and Heavy Metal Contamination of Reservoirs, Tikung District, Lamongan Regency

The Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Tambakrigadung Village, Lamongan Regency, implements a semi-sanitary landfill system in which waste processing still piles up piles of waste with soil for a certain period, causing a foul odor due to the leachate that collects. Leachate that is not managed correctly is feared to flow into reservoirs as irrigation and productive land that is used by local communities for rice fields or ponds around the Tambakrigadung TPA so that it can disrupt workers, reduce the quality and yield of rice fields, and affect the development of pond fish around the Tambakrigadung landfill. This research aims to test the quality of reservoir water, which refers to the leachate water quality standards of PermenLHK RI No. P.59 Tahun 2016. It analyzes the influence of leachate on reservoir water around Tambakrigadung. The method used in this research is grab sampling. Analysis of pH, BOD, COD, and TSS parameters using simple linear regression quantitative analysis. Quantitative parameter analysis shows that TPA Tambakrigadung leachate influences the pH and TSS parameters of reservoir water in Tikung District, Lamongan Regency, which is indicated by a significance value of <0.05. The analysis of heavy metal parameters shows that the leachate does not meet quality standards, with a total N of 187.7 ppm and cadmium of 0.15 ppm. The mercury parameter meets quality standards, namely 0.00065 ppm. Meanwhile, heavy metal parameters in reservoir water have met quality standards based on PP No. 22 of 2021.

Nitrogen and zinc doped carbon quantum dots for rapid and accurate detection of mercury ions in cosmetics

Rapid and reliable detection technologies for mercury ion in cosmetics are critical for public health. In this study, we synthesized nitrogen and zinc doped carbon quantum dots (N, Zn-CDs) with bright and stable fluorescence using the hydrothermal method. Structure characterization reveals the abundant oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of N, Zn-CDs, which readily coordinate with Hg2+, resulting in fluorescence quenching. Basing on this, a rapid and simple quantitative analysis method for Hg2+ detection was designed. By optimizing the detection conditions, a good linear relationship in the range of 0 to 10 μM and a low detection limit of 0.023 μM were achieved. Besides, interference tests demonstrate the presence of other metal ions does not interfere with Hg2+ detection. When detecting Hg2+ in four types of cosmetics spiked with the ion, the sensor achieved recovery rates of 98.27 %, 110.03 %, 100.90 %, and 108.80 %, respectively, with relative standard deviations all under 6.90 %, demonstrating its capability to identify Hg2+ in complex matrices. This research offers a novel approach for the rapid and accurate detection of mercury in cosmetics.

Women have no honour of their own

Abstract This article presents a corpus-based Cultural-Linguistic study of the usage of the word honour in Pakistani and Indian Englishes, addressing underlying cultural conceptualizations of the notion of honor. Honor emerges as a complex cultural model which involves several cultural schemas, cultural categories and other cultural conceptualizations, in which women are cast as responsible protectors and upholders of the honor of men, families, and communities, their bodies being the very locus of men’s honor. The study is based on a relatively simple qualitative and quantitative analysis of two specialized corpora representing discourse on honor and related phenomena in Pakistani and Indian Englishes.

Penerapan Manajemen Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintah Kota X Antara Masa Normal dan Masa Pandemi

The Covid 19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia at the beginning of 2020 has been designated as a non-natural national disaster which creates a public health emergency, so preventive efforts are needed to overcome the pandemic. The implementation of work from home (WFH) is an effort to prevent the spread of the virus within City X government agencies. An initial study conducted by researcher found that the ASN performance management system in the X City Government during the implementation of WFH still feels ineffective due to the control system not being fulfilled and even some agency resources being deemed not ready to implement the WFH system. This research aim to analyze the work management of X City Government employees during normal times and the Covid-19 pandemic period or the period of adaptation to new habits. Researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach which aims to describe in depth the performance of X City Government Employees during the Normal and Pandemic periods. The main data collection tool was FGD with 30 representatives of several regional organizations in the X City government. In addition, researchers involved 433 ASN employees in X City to fill out a survey regarding performance during normal times, during the pandemic and during the adaptation to new habits. Data from FGDs and surveys were analyzed using simple qualitative and quantitative analysis with an interactive analysis model with steps of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research found that the X City Government's ASN performance management during normal times had been implemented in accordance with work management principles, although there is a decrease compared to employee performance in normal times. Recommendation from the results of this research can be used as study material regarding the performance of X City Government employees during normal times and during the pandemic.

Determination of Mo-93 inventory in irradiated BWR tie plate using triple quadrupole ICP-MS

The inventory of radionuclides is a crucial input parameter for the safety assessment of irradiated metal waste. Among the radionuclides, Mo-93 is remarkable radionuclide owing to its long half-life (4,000 years) and poor sorptive property (anionic species). A method for determining Mo-93 by measuring characteristic X-rays was proposed previously; however, this method requires complex sequential and/or chromatographic separation of Mo-93. In the present study, triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)—a leading-edge method—was used to determine the inventory of Mo-93 in an irradiated boiling water reactor (BWR) tie plate (stainless steel) for the first time. Furthermore, an activation calculation for Mo-93 was conducted using ORIGEN2. The results indicated that the inventory of Mo-93 in the BWR tie plate was 690 ± 83 Bq/g. This study demonstrates that triple quadrupole ICP-MS allows the simple quantitative analysis of Mo-93 in irradiated stainless steel without complex chemical separation.Graphical abstract

Nonneutralized Electric Currents as a Proxy for Eruptive Activity in Solar Active Regions

It has been suggested that the ratio of photospheric direct to return current, ∣DC/RC∣, may be a better proxy for assessing the ability of solar active regions to produce a coronal mass ejection (CME) than others such as the amount of shear along the polarity inversion line (PIL). To test this conjecture, we measure both quantities prior to eruptive and confined flares of varying magnitude. We find that eruptive-flare source regions have ∣DC/RC∣ > 1.63 and PIL shear above 45° (average values of 3.2 and 68°, respectively), tending to be larger for stronger events, while both quantities are on average smaller for confined-flare source regions (2.2 and 46°, respectively), albeit with substantial overlap. Many source regions, especially those of eruptive X-class flares, exhibit elongated direct currents (EDCs) bracketing the eruptive PIL segment, which typically coincide with areas of continuous PIL shear above 45°. However, a small subset of confined-flare source regions have ∣DC/RC∣ close to unity, very low PIL shear (<38°), and no clear EDC signatures, rendering such regions less likely to produce a CME. A simple quantitative analysis reveals that ∣DC/RC∣ and PIL shear are almost equally good proxies for assessing CME-productivity, comparable to other proxies suggested in the literature. We also show that an inadequate selection of the current-integration area typically yields a substantial underestimation of ∣DC/RC∣, discuss specific cases that require careful consideration for ∣DC/RC∣ calculation and interpretation of the results, and suggest improving photospheric CME-productivity proxies by incorporating coronal measures such as the decay index.

Pengembangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa Melalui Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia

This research aims to determine the strategy for developing Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) through improving the quality of human resources. In general, the role of BUMDes is very significant in improving community welfare. BUMDes plays a role as the main driver in developing local economic potential at the village level. This research method was carried out using a qualitative analysis approach and adding simple quantitative analysis. The data used in this research is primary data taken directly from key people who have been determined in this research so that it can provide representative decision results. The results of this research can be explained that improving the quality of human resources is the main component in the development of BUMDes in Bojonegoro Regency. Meanwhile, increasing human resources in developing BUMDes in Bojonegoro Regency can be done through increasing innovation followed by education, knowledge and experience. Thus improving the quality of human resources in the development of BUMDes in Bojonegoro Regency can prioritize increased innovation. The results of this research can provide empirical benefits as a basis for policies carried out to develop BUMDes which can be done by prioritizing increasing human resources as one of the most important aspects in efforts to develop BUMDes by increasing innovation in BUMDes management, education, knowledge and experience possessed by BUMDes actors. , This research has limitations, namely that the analysis used can only focus on the development of BUMDes in Bojonegoro Regency. Keywords: Quality of Human Resources; BUMDes; Business Development Strategy

Contrasting Dimensions behind the Use of Irony and Humour in Times of Crisis

In this article the discourse of irony and humor is explored in two sets of memes generated in times of crisis, namely the recent Covid pandemic and the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Different versions of macro memes are examined in both sets through the lens of the Inferred Contradiction Theory of irony (Alba-Juez 2014). The main research questions were: 1) What type(s) of irony is/are exploited to make the memes humorous? 2)What type of inference is found in the inferred contradiction that is essential for the comprehension of the ironic humor in the memes? 3) What is the main function of the irony (and humor) in the memes? A qualitative discourse-pragmatic analytic method was used, together with a simple quantitative analysis of the types of irony used. The analysis shows that the humorous irony in the memes is always based in some kind of contradiction that has to be inferred at some discourse-linguistic level, displaying instances of not only propositional but also illocutionary irony, as well as other kinds of irony where the inferred contradiction is found in the subplicit information that is shared by the interlocutors, or even in the images shown. The results reveal that most of the jokes in the memes were sarcastic and thus the inferred contradiction led to the negative evaluation of some person or situation. The irony in the majority of the memes was of the conversational, negative and propositional types, and the functions fulfilled by the ironic humor were found to serve contrasting and contradictory motivations (aggressiveness towards the out-group and affiliation with the in-group), as well as that of amusing the readers.

A Bogue approach applied to basic oxygen furnace slag

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag is an industrial by-product of the steel industry and has recently been investigated intensively for high-end applications other than road load and land fill. However, to be applied as a high-end raw material BOF slag lacks a quick and simple quantitative phase analysis method compared to the Bogue approach applied to ordinary Portland cement. This study presents a method to calculate the main phases of BOF slag (C2S, C2(A,F), magnetite (Ff), RO-Phase and f-C) based on chemical composition. A quantitative model assessment was performed in order to further improve the model and two approaches were used to validate the Bogue BOF slag model. One approach compared the calculated chemical composition of phases with real data the second one evaluated whether the Bogue BOF slag model gives comparable quantitative model assessment measures compared to the classical cement Bogue approach. Both approaches validated the proposed final model.

Engineering the Ultrasensitive Visual Whole-Cell Biosensors by Evolved MerR and 5' UTR for Detection of Ultratrace Mercury.

The existing mercury whole-cell biosensors (WCBs, parts per billion range) are not able to meet the real-world requirements due to their lack of sensitivity for the detection of ultratrace mercury in the environment. Ultratrace mercury is a potential threat to human health via the food chain. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive mercury WCB by directed evolution of the mercury-responsive transcriptional activator (MerR) sensing module to detect ultratrace mercury. Subsequently, the mutant WCB (m4-1) responding to mercury in the parts per trillion range after 1 h of induction was obtained. Its detection limit (LOD) was 0.313 ng/L, comparable to those of some analytical instruments. Surprisingly, the m4-1 WCB also responded to methylmercury (LOD = 98 ng/L), which is far more toxic than inorganic mercury. For more convenient detection, we have increased another green fluorescent protein reporter module with an optimized 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) sequence. This yields two visual WCBs with an enhanced fluorescence output. At a concentration of 2.5 ng/L, the fluorescence signals can be directly observed by the naked eye. With the combination of mobile phone imaging and image processing software, the 2GC WCB provided simple, rapid, and reliable quantitative and qualitative analysis of real samples (LOD = 0.307 ng/L). Taken together, these results indicate that the ultrasensitive visual whole-cell biosensors for ultratrace mercury detection are successfully designed using a combination of directed evolution and synthetic biotechnology.

Metonymic Use of Proper Names as the Window to American Popular Culture

The study of proper name metonymy still needs more attention than metaphors, particularly the one related to creative metonymy from popular culture. Due to such rationale, this study examines how the proper names of famous American athletes are utilized as metonymy in English. The study objective is to identify the frequency, range period, and context or source of the metonymic use. In accomplishing this goal, three well-known American athletes become the focus of this study: Michael Jordan, Babe Ruth, and Muhammad Ali. The study is mainly qualitative, with simple quantitative analysis to measure the frequency. The data source was the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), then the collected data from the three athletes were analyzed for their metonymic use. The analysis discovered that Michael Jordan became the most famous athlete with 67 usages, 58 of which were metonymic, followed by Babe Ruth with 23 usages and 21 metonymic use, and Muhammad Ali with all 18 data as metonymic. The characteristic or metonymic concepts attached to those famous names were uniquely dissimilar; Michael Jordan was associated with greatness, Babe Ruth was related to excellence, and Muhammad Ali was linked to magnificence. The field of context for these names’ utilization was not only from sports but also extended to social, scientific, art, business, law, and political areas. Meanwhile, the periods of use range from 1992 to 2018, with various sources from movies, magazine and newspaper news, TV news, and blogs. This study highlights how cultural aspects and cognition are essential in language expression, indicating how the dynamic change in society affects the dynamic shift in language expression.

Peningkatan keterampilan public speaking melalui metode Monroe’s Motivated Sequence kelas XI OTKP SMKN 1 Surakarta

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study aims to improve &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;students’&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; public speaking skills by using MMS methods in class XI OTKP SMK N 1 Surakarta &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; the subject of public relations governance and protocol automation. This research is classroom action research. The research was divided into two cycles, where each cycle consisted of planning, implementing actions, observing and collecting data, and reflecting. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, tests, and documents. Data validity uses source-triangulation techniques, comparing data, and concluding data. Data analysis used simple quantitative data analysis, public speaking skills observation, qualitative data analysis, and comparative descriptive analysis. The research procedure formed two cycles that had four stages that were interrelated in each cycle. Based on the data collected from pre-action, cycles I and II have continued to increase. The results of pre-action show there were 8 students (23,5%) who were declared complete; on cycle I, there &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;were&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; 18 students (52,9%); on cycle II, there were as many as 25 students (73,5%). The public speaking skills data result is based on &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;students’&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; communication assessments. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the MMS method can improve public speaking skills for students of OTKP SMK N 1 Surakarta.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Analysis Strategy of Coastal Women Empowerment in Lambangi Village Kolono East District South Konawe Regency

This study aims to analyse the process of empowering coastal women in Lambangi Village, identifying internal and external factors to formulate and determine priority strategies for empowering coastal communities. This study collected data through observation, interviews, documentation studies, simple quantitative data analysis with class intervals, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the average percentage of empowering coastal women through the coco pot business in Lambangi Village was 87.36%, consisting of preparation, assessment, planning, formalisation of action plans, implementation, evaluation and termination. The strategy that must be implemented consists of increasing human resources, intensifying the use of social media for online marketing, and collaborating with the government to participate in exhibitions as a venue for expanding offline marketing networks.

Determining the True Performance of a HPLC Column: A Simulation-Based Experiment

Performing HPLC-based experiments in the undergraduate practical classroom is difficult because of the time required to perform an analysis. This limits the type of practical to one that undertakes a simple quantitative analysis. However, with the use of sophisticated simulators, such as the one employed in this exercise, more complex experiments can be designed. In this exercise, the students use the simulator to evaluate the significance of extra column dead volume on the efficiency of a column. HETP curves are constructed by measuring the column efficiency at a variety of flow rates. In addition, the variance of a band migrating through the system without a column connected is determined, and subsequently, the band variance of the solute migrating through the column is corrected for system variance at each flow rate. By comparing the HETP plots (corrected and uncorrected), the significance of the extra column effects can be determined. In the present study, this amounted to a doubling of the number of theoretical plates at the highest flow rate test.

A New HPLC Method for Argatroban Intermediate and its Related Substance

A simple and specific quantitative analysis method has been developed and validated for the determination of Argatroban Intermediate and its related substance. This method uses reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to analyze the Argatroban Intermediate and its six related substance. Chromatographic conditions for RP-HPLC with UV detector were as follows: column, Agela Venusil MP, 250mm×4.6mm, 5μm; column temperature, 45°C; mobile phase, a 65: 35 (v/v) mixture of ammonium acetate buffer: methanol; flow rate, 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was UV 272 nm. Under these conditions, excellent linearity was obtained (r2&gt;0.9995) in the concentration range of 0.47~4.71μg/ml for Argatroban Intermediate, 0.30~5.04μg/ ml for impurity A, 0.12~4.93μg/ml for impurity B, 0.29~4.81μg/ ml for impurity C, 0.30~4.96μg/ml for impurity D,0.12~4.77μg/ ml for impurity E and 0.12~4.86μg/ml for impurity F, respectively. The LOQ was 0.5μg/ml for Argatroban Intermediate, 0.3μg/ml for impurity A, 0.125μg/ml for impurity B, 0.3μg/ml for impurity C,0.3μg/ml for impurity D, 0.125μg/ml for impurity E and 0.125μg/ ml for impurity F. The maximum R.S.D.(%) of the content of Argatroban Intermediate and its each impurity was 5.3% under the deliberate variations in method parameters.

Phase-unwrapping algorithm combined with wavelet transform and Hilbert transform in self-mixing interference for individual microscale particle detection

The self-mixing interferometry (SMI) technique is an emerging sensing technology in microscale particle classification. However, due to the nature of the SMI effect raised by a microscattering particle, the signal analysis suffers from many problems compared with a macro target, such as lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), short transit time, and time-varying modulation strength. Therefore, the particle sizing measurement resolution is much lower than the one in typical displacement measurements. To solve these problems, in this paper, first, a theoretical model of the phase variation of a single-particle SMI signal burst is demonstrated in detail. The relationship between the phase variation and the particle size is investigated, which predicts that phase observation could be another alternative for particle detection. Second, combined with continuous wavelet transform and Hilbert transform, a novel phase-unwrapping algorithm is proposed. This algorithm can implement not only efficient individual burst extraction from the noisy raw signal, but also precise phase calculation for particle sizing. The measurement shows good accuracy over a range from 100 nm to 6 μm with our algorithm, proving that our algorithm enables a simple and reliable quantitative particle characteristics retrieval and analysis methodology for microscale particle detection in biomedical or laser manufacturing fields.

Point‐of‐need quantitative detection of trihalomethanes in environmental water samples using a highly sensitive and selective fiber‐based preconcentration system

AbstractDrinking water—a vital part of our ecosystem—is often exposed to contamination through industrialization. Halogenated compounds, for example, trihalomethanes (THMs), are among the most common contaminants, being by‐products of water chlorination/treatment. The carcinogenic and health effects of these compounds have motivated scientists to work on the accurate detection of THMs down to 80 ppb in treated water. Here, a superhydrophobic syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) nanofiber mat is used to preconcentrate THMs in environmental water samples, and subsequently, detect them using a well‐known colorimetric reaction chemistry. The reaction chemistry yields a visible red/pink chromophore under visible light absorption. This reaction occurs when the preconcentrated THM becomes trapped in the liquid phase of the reaction chemistry, on the surface of the sPP fibers. This fiber mat is electrospun in a way which results in a large water contact angle &gt;150°—allowing the working sensitivity of the reaction chemistry to be heightened and lowering the detection limit. The resulting color change can be analyzed via a simple quantitative color intensity analysis utilizing widely‐available software, measuring the THM content in water as low as 0.8 ppb. This cost‐effective and selective method was incorporated into a portable device, enabling on‐site users to evaluate the quality of drinking water.

Patient Satisfaction and Oral Health-related Quality of Life (ohrqol) of Edentulous People after Mandibular Denture Relining With a Soft-liner Material: A Pilot Study

Background: Oral health-related quality of life indicators have been effectively used to assess the influence of a range of dental treatments and interventions on patient satisfaction and acceptance. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the relining of mandibular dentures with a soft-liner material, using the Oral Health Assessment Index (OHIP-14). Methods: Forty-two full denture wearers were selected from patients who attended 9 private prosthetic clinics in New South Wales, Australia. All participants had their lower dentures relined with a soft-liner material, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Oral health-related quality of life was evaluated before and 1 month after relining using the Oral Health Assessment Index questionnaire. A simple descriptive quantitative analysis of the survey results was undertaken, including a comparison of median scores using the Wilcoxon paired test and binomial probability test. Results: In all the outcome variables measured, there was a noticeable positive effect from the denture relining. Specifically, mandibular denture relining with a silicon-based soft-liner material has a positive impact on patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of edentulous patients. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of edentulous patients can be significantly improved by the use of soft-liner materials.

Damage to Banana Plants By Leaf Roller Caterpillar (Erionota thrax L) On Ambon Island

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to obtain data on the attack intensity of Erinota thrax at different altitudes of places and find out the banana cultivars with the lowest attack intensity. This study used a random sampling method at three locations with different heights. The data analysis used is a simple quantitative analysis to determine the magnitude of the attack intensity. The intensity of E. thrax attacks in three different places has varying percentages. The number of leaf rolls Tulehu Village is 300 with a damage intensity of 63.14% (heavy), Keranjang Village was 200 with a damage intensity of 59.36% (heavy), and Tawiri Village was 187 with a damage intensity of 39.11% (medium). The greatest number of leaf rolls is 14 per leaf blade. The lowest intensity in Tawiri Village is dominated by the cultivars of Kepok and Emas, while the highest intensity is in Tulehu Village and Keranjang Village which is dominated by three cultivars, Raja, Kepok, and Emas. The difference in numbers between leaf rolls and larval populations is thought to be due to environmental parameters, such as wind and precipitation.

A New Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Fresh and Dried Goji Berries (Lycium barbarum L.) Cultivated in Turkey.

The potential background of the study is related to comprehensive detection of the content of vitamin C with an actual chromatographic method. Vitamin C is of vital importance in terms of human life and health due to its polyfunctional activity such as antioxidant activity and antiviral effect with other biological functions. In this regard, it may be necessary to update analytical methods or develop up-to-date analytical methods to accurately estimate the amount of vitamin C in natural samples. In this study, a new ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) method has been developed for the determination of vitamin C content in fresh and dried goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.), which are cultivated in Turkey. The chromatographic elution of vitamin C in natural fruit samples was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) column using methanol and 0.1 M H3PO4 pH 2.15 (20:80, v/v), which are mobile phase. UPLC determination was done at the 242.8 nm. Flow rate was 0.20 mL/min at a column temperature of 30°C. Linearity range of the calibration graph was found to be at 5-30 µg/mL. The validity of the newly developed UPLC method was tested by analyzing individual test samples and added samples. Applicability of the validated UPLC method was verified by the quantitative analysis of vitamin C content in both fresh and dried goji berries. We believe that the newly developed and validated UPLC method would be a useful and promising approach for simple quantitative analysis of goji berry samples for vitamin C. In previous studies, no UPLC-PDA method was reported for the analysis of vitamin C in goji berries. The method provided a good repeatability for the analysis of real samples.