Simple Panel Research Articles

Urbanization in a Globalized World: Reviewing Environmental Sustainability in Developing Countries

Climate change remains a critical issue worldwide, and balancing economic growth with sustainable development is of paramount importance. Our study explores the complex relationship between globalization, environmental sustainability, and urbanization in selected developing countries. By utilizing a simple panel regression technique and data from 40 developing countries from 1994 to 2018, the study examines how these factors influence environmental stability. We find that with a strong focus on environmental sustainability, economic growth can be enhanced. Additionally, we find that globalization, along with GDP per capita and access to electricity, significantly impacts environmental sustainability. Conversely, the effect of urbanization on environmental stability appears to be minimal.

Quantifying the Impact of Natural Resources on Sustainable Growth in Developing Economies: Evidence from Panel Nonlinear ARDL Technique

The main purpose of current research is to analyze the impact of natural resource exploration on sustainable growth in developing economies. Annual panel data of 57 developing countries from 2000 to 2021 has been used for research analysis. First, this study uses a simple Panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation technique to examine the long-run and short-run link among the variables. The results depict that in the long run natural resource exploration has a significant negative impact on sustainable growth. This finding supports the presence of the resource curse hypothesis. Besides this, the present study decomposes the policy variable (mining contribution index) into its two shocks i.e. positive shock and negative shock by applying a panel non-linear ARDL approach. The long-run outcomes depict that both the coefficients of partial positive and partial negative sums of natural resource rents are negative and significant. Furthermore, the research outcomes explain that financial openness and international trade have a substantial and positive impact on sustainable progress. The policy implications for current research are to avoid bad rent-seeking behaviors and to escape from non-productive activities to achieve sustainable development. Furthermore, there is a dire need to adopt and support environmentally friendly policies.

Quantifying the Impact of Natural Resources on Sustainable Growth in Developing Economies: Evidence from Panel Nonlinear ARDL Technique

The main purpose of current research is to analyze the impact of natural resource exploration on sustainable growth in developing economies. Annual panel data of 57 developing countries from 2000 to 2021 has been used for research analysis. First, this study uses a simple Panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation technique to examine the long-run and short-run link among the variables. The results depict that in the long run natural resource exploration has a significant negative impact on sustainable growth. This finding supports the presence of the resource curse hypothesis. Besides this, the present study decomposes the policy variable (mining contribution index) into its two shocks i.e. positive shock and negative shock by applying a panel non-linear ARDL approach. The long-run outcomes depict that both the coefficients of partial positive and partial negative sums of natural resource rents are negative and significant. Furthermore, the research outcomes explain that financial openness and international trade have a substantial and positive impact on sustainable progress. The policy implications for current research are to avoid bad rent-seeking behaviors and to escape from non-productive activities to achieve sustainable development. Furthermore, there is a dire need to adopt and support environmentally friendly policies.

Numerical Investigation and Optimization of a Morphing Airfoil Designed for Lower Reynolds Number

A novel concept of morphing airfoils, capable of changing camber and thickness, is proposed. A variable airfoil shape, defined by six input parameters, is achieved by allowing the three spinal points (at fixed axial positions) to slide vertically, while the upper and lower surfaces are determined by the lengths of the three corresponding ribs that are perpendicular to the spine. Thus, it is possible to find the most appropriate geometric configuration for a wide range of possible operating conditions often present with contemporary unmanned aerial vehicles. Shape optimizations for different Reynolds numbers and different cost functions are performed by coupling a genetic algorithm with simple panel method flow calculations. The obtained airfoils are presented and compared, whereas the proposed concept is validated by more advanced flow simulations. It appears that improvements in aerodynamic performance of nearly 20% can be expected at Re ranging from 0.05 × 106 to 0.1 × 106. The proposed methodology shows promise and can be applied to different types of lifting surfaces, including wing, tail or propeller blade segments. To check the viability of this method for producing airfoils that can be used in a practical sense, structural analysis of one of the obtained geometries using a simplified 1D finite element method as well as a more detailed 3D analysis are performed. The model is then 3D-printed on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer with a polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) filament, and the capability of the airfoil to adequately morph between the two desired geometries is experimentally shown.

Tax Obligations and Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

The study examined the impact of tax on the financial performance of some listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. A simple panel and linear regression were used to analyse the data collected through secondary source. It was found out from the results of the regression analysis that probability value of the independent variable as (0.0001) is less than 5% significance level that tax had significant impact on the investment of manufacturing firms likewise tax has significant impact on the profitability of manufacturing firms. It was recommended that the government should ensure they make tax policies that would favour the manufacturing firms and not force them out of businesses which would also affect the economy as a whole.

Geomembrane sustainability through longevity – 40 years of continuous service

Longevity is a key component of sustainability in geomembrane systems. This paper demonstrates that long geomembrane performance is possible with attention to product design when used in a properly designed containment facility. The example given is the geomembrane lined wastewater impoundments at Mammoth Cave National Park, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve. Installed in 1984, the liners are still in service. Exposed slopes and simple panel installation layout have provided low maintenance, without resource-consuming replacement or major repairs. The geomembrane installation along with results of 2016 geomembrane testing are presented, reviewed and discussed. Sustainability through longevity is discussed relative to geomembrane performance.

Expression of circulating miRNA-21 and miR-99b in HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective: Our primary objective was to assess whether these miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in its early stages, from other liver diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis (LC). Subject and method: We conducted a study involving two patient groups: 50 LC and 50 HCC patients. We employed a screening approach utilizing open data sources (PubMed, Science Research, Google Scholar…), alongside bioinformatics analysis tools to identify miRNAs exhibiting high expression levels in cirrhosis and liver cancer. The miRNAs we selected for evaluation included miRNA-21, miRNA-34a, miRNA-99b, and miRNA-224. Result: The expression levels of miRNA-21 in plasma were found to be significantly higher in the HCC group compared to the cirrhosis group (p<0.001). The combination of miRNA-21 or miRNA-99b and AFP had improved diagnostic performance in distinguishing between these two groups compared to single markers. The area under the ROC curve was significantly high as expected when combining miRNA-99b and AFP with AUC = 0.85 (single miRNA-99b: AUC = 0.715). Similarly for the combination of miRNA-21 and AFP, this simple panel also had a good performance with the AUC = 0.794 (single miRNA-21: AUC = 0.715). Conclusion: miRNA-21 and miRNA-99b hold promise as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC.

Full-Scale Fire Resistance Testing and Two-Scale Simulations of Sandwich Panels with Connections

To understand sandwich panel behaviour under fire, expensive full-scale tests, or potentially more efficient fire-structure simulations can be carried out. However, these simulations have only been demonstrated to work for specific applications, either on the global scale (a fire on a simple panel) or on the small scale (a temperature load on a single screw connection), often loaded by a standard fire curve. In this paper, the quality of simulations for combined situations is investigated, i.e. a furnace fire on a set of panels including details and connections. First two existing tests are introduced, a sandwich panel façade test and a studs bolt test, followed by the presentation of their basic fire-structure simulations. In general, the heat transfer analyses agree well with the tests, whereas the structural response analyses need investigation: For the first test, out-of-plane deflections are overestimated at the beginning of the test. A parameter study indicates that this is most likely due to adhesive decomposition, resulting in face delamination and related instabilities. For the second test, the basic simulation does not show any failure, whereas the test failed by vertical bearing. However, with a two-scale model the ultimate load is estimated, and increasing vertical displacements and the onset of vertical bearing are predicted. It is concluded that future tests should include more simulation-relevant measurements. Also, global-scale models need to include features specific to the structure to be simulated, only known after tests and basic simulations, and connections may be decisive for global-scale behaviour, which can be incorporated by a two-scale model. Finally, the tests exhibited complex behaviour across different scales, and modifications and improvements of the simulations increased their fidelity. Therefore fire-structure simulations should always be verified with tests and compared with basic simulations, and modifications in the simulation models should be anticipated.

ANALYSES OF BANK PERFORMANCE ON FINANCIAL SYSTEM STABILITY IN INDONESIA

Institutions with high risk in their business. Large banks have a close relationship with bank risk. This study aimed to determine the effect of Commercial Bank Business Group with a minimum core capital of Rp. 30 trillion (the 4th CBBG) banks' performance in Indonesia on Indonesia's financial system stability using secondary data for 2005-2020. This study uses a simple panel regression estimation, namely the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model. The results showed that the NPL, LDR and NII, positively affected financial system stability, while the BOPO negative affected.

Effects of Aquatic Exercises for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 12-Week Intervention in a Quasi-Experimental Study with Pain as a Mediator of Depression.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by low physical fitness, pain, and depression. The present study aimed to examine the effects of a supervised aquatic exercise program on physical fitness, depression, and pain in women with RA and determine whether decreases in pain mediate depression. Forty-three women with RA, divided into an experimental group (EG; n = 21) and a control group (CG; n = 23), participated in a 12-week exercise program. Treatment effects were calculated via standardized difference or effect size (ES) using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values (ES, 95% confidence interval (CI)). A simple panel of mediation was executed to determine whether changes in pain mediated improvements in depression after controlling for confounding variables, such as age, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). The aquatic exercise program had trivial and small effects on physical fitness, large effects on pain, and moderate effects on depression. The mediation model confirmed the indirect effect of pain on the decrease of depression in the participants of the aquatic exercise program. Participants with RA in the aquatic exercise program experienced improvements in physical fitness, depression, and joint pain. Moreover, the improvements in joint pain mediated improvements in depression.

On the origin of the ground effect

The ground effect is well known to pilots and aerodynamicists alike. However, the current explanations found in undergraduate (and pilot-focused) textbooks can be inconsistent, often attributing the phenomena to the interaction between tip vortices at the ground. Others invoke the method of images to show that, when the flow is forced to have a straight streamline on the ground, ground pressure must increase. These must prescriptively choose an airfoil circulation. Meanwhile, a simple panel code can be used to show both that the lift on an airfoil in ground effect is significantly two-dimensional, and that the circulation about an airfoil near the ground is not constant. In particular, circulation will be found to grow as altitude decreases, magnifying the ground effect. A simple graphical panel method solver is provided, such that this exercise is accessible to students without the longer task of writing a panel code for themselves. This exercise can provide students with greater insight into the Kutta condition, the method of images, and panel methods themselves. The resulting streamline pattern can also be used to explain the phenomenon to more general audiences, by observing the relationship between lift and streamline curvature.

Gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia after neoadjuvant therapy for poorly cohesive carcinoma: a diagnostic pitfall

Mucosal endocrine cell hyperplasia is a poorly described phenomenon that may occur following neoadjuvant therapy in a variety of gastrointestinal cancers. We describe two cases of poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma which underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequent biopsy and resection showed the presence of endocrine cells occurring singly and in micronests within the deep lamina propria, showing typical reactivity with synaptophysin and chromogranin. The distribution of these cells and cytokeratin positivity may mimic residual poorly cohesive carcinoma, particularly in small post-therapy biopsies. This phenomenon is thought to be related to normal mucosal elements being rendered relatively conspicuous by the depletion of malignant cells in cases with good neoadjuvant response. This treacherous finding may be misdiagnosed on small biopsies as residual malignancy, leading to potentially avoidable differences in subsequent management. This error may be avoided by awareness of this phenomenon and applying a simple panel of directed immunohistochemical markers, coupled with morphological correlation. Endocrine cell hyperplasia post neoadjuvant therapy in poorly cohesive carcinoma is a mimic of residual disease and may be result in false-positive interpretation of residual disease. Interpretation of post-treatment small biopsies should take into account this finding to avoid this potential clinically significant diagnostic pitfall.

Factors Affecting Economic Growth

Climate change and global warming caused by the increasing number of greenhouse gas emissions can damage human survival, Greenhouse emissions and the economic growth of a country are the main factors that can encourage an increase in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, which causes global warming. The study purposed to determine the factors that influence changes in greenhouse emissions and economic growth. The method used in this research is Ordinary Least Square Multiple Linear Regression and simple panel data. The research variables are Energy Consumption, Labor, Loan Interest Rates, and Fuel Eco sport. Those are used as independent variables that affect greenhouse emissions, which function as the dependent variable, and economic growth, which functioned as the dependent variable with the variable Free of Greenhouse Emissions. The results of the study show that (1) energy and labor consumption simultaneously or partially have a significant effect on changes in the number of greenhouse emissions by 89.5% (2) Changes in total greenhouse emissions partially have a significant and positive effect on the country's economic growth (3) research findings. The following variable the increase in the country's Greenhouse Emanation is the most dominant variable with a significant positive effect on a country's economic growth of 70.74 percent

Investigating the Determinants of Financial Inclusion in BRICS Economies: Panel Data Analysis Using Fixed-Effect and Cross-Section Random Effect

The current research empirically analyses the determinants of financial inclusion (FI) for BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations using the no. of depositors and Automated Teller Machines/user as dependent variables, a proxy for FI from 2004 to 2019. The study employs fixed-effect, cross-section random-effect and simple panel least square techniques to determine FI for different BRICS countries. The empirical findings of fixed effect and cross-section random highlight that population and internet users affirmatively and significantly influence FI. Simple panel least square analysis indicates that domestic credit to the finance sector, population, internet users and bank branches positively influence the no. of depositors in these economies. Gross domestic product (GDP) and domestic credit to private sector (DCPS) inversely affected FI. Results of the second measure of FI (ATM per user) show the exchange rate of domestic credit to the private sector, and GDP positively influences FI. These findings will induce policymakers to take corrective actions by considering the significant factors to boost FI in respective BRICS economies.

Evaluating probabilistic forecasts for maritime engineering operations

Abstract Maritime engineering relies on model forecasts for many different processes, including meteorological and oceanographic forcings, structural responses, and energy demands. Understanding the performance and evaluation of such forecasting models is crucial in instilling reliability in maritime operations. Evaluation metrics that assess the point accuracy of the forecast (such as root-mean-squared error) are commonplace, but with the increased uptake of probabilistic forecasting methods such evaluation metrics may not consider the full forecasting distribution. The statistical theory of proper scoring rules provides a framework in which to score and compare competing probabilistic forecasts, but it is seldom appealed to in applications. This translational paper presents the underlying theory and principles of proper scoring rules, develops a simple panel of rules that may be used to robustly evaluate the performance of competing probabilistic forecasts, and demonstrates this with an application to forecasting surface winds at an asset on Australia’s North–West Shelf. Where appropriate, we relate the statistical theory to common requirements by maritime engineering industry. The case study is from a body of work that was undertaken to quantify the value resulting from an operational forecasting product and is a clear demonstration of the downstream impacts that statistical and data science methods can have in maritime engineering operations.

Influence Growth Economy and Unemployment Rate on Poverty Rate Province West Java in 2014 - 2019

Studies this aim for knowing how much big Effect of Growth Rate Economy Unemployment Rate on the Poverty Rate in West Java in 2014-2019. Method used method quantitative . Data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and processed by the author use E-views 9 application for help obtain conclusion . Development process of progress in a manner Keep going continuous and continuous going to toward desired goal _ achieved . one _ destination development Indonesian national based Opening The 1945 Constitution is to advance well-being general . unemployment situation in which a person classified in force work want to get profession but not could get it . poverty is all situation _ limited happening _ no on the will of the person concerned . Something population is said to be poor if characterized by low education , productivity employment , income , health and nutrition as well as well-being his life , which shows circle helplessness . With use method regression simple panel data and choose effects modeling approach permanent concluded that variable Growth Rate Economy have influence no significant on the Poverty Level in Province West Java . When Growth Rate Economy experience increase hence poverty rate will experience increase . While the Unemployment Rate also has influence positive and no significant to on the Poverty Level in the Province West Java in 2014-2019. When the Unemployment Rate experience increase hence the Poverty Rate experience increase .

Simulation study of a 50 ps panel TOF PET imager

Positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the most important diagnostic tools in medicine, providing three-dimensional imaging of functional processes in the body. The method is based on detecting two gamma rays originating from the point of annihilation of the positron emitted by a radio-labeled agent and used to follow the human’s physiological processes. In Time-Of-Flight PET, gamma rays’ arrival time is measured in addition to their position. The coincidence timing resolution (CTR) of state-of-the-art scanners is between 200 ps and 500 ps FWHM, which can significantly improve the contrast in imaging large objects. However, increasing the sensitivity of the next-generation PET scanners requires increasing the imaging device’s timing accuracy. Using the latest advances, a multichannel system with improved CTR is becoming technologically possible. Generally, 3D images from limited angle PET scanners are distorted and have artifacts. Fortunately, with improving timing resolution of PET gamma detectors, artifact-free images can be obtained even by a very simplified detector. We were studying a simple panel PET detector consisting of gamma detectors with 50 ps coincidence timing resolution. With this new concept, the price of PET scanners for imaging single or multiple organs can be drastically decreased. We evaluated different panel detector arrangements by imaging different phantoms. The reconstructed images were compared with those obtained with the Siemens Biograph Vision, a state-of-the-art clinical PET scanner. We found comparable image quality parameters of both systems when the CTR approaches 50 ps FWHM and that good CTR can partially compensate for smaller gamma detection efficiency.

Molecular Solid Tumor Algorithm – Simplified Patient-Centric/Cost-Effective Approach by Pathologists

Abstract Introduction/Objective The process from the time the patient is diagnosed with cancer and receives their first treatment is complex and time-consuming. It requires adherence to national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) guidelines; is challenged with limited tissue, how and when to order tests, and reimbursement timelines with pre- authorizations. We evaluated the role of the pathologists, who are an integral part of patient care, along with oncologists and surgeons. Methods/Case Report 254 cases from various types of solid tumors (paraffin-embedded blocks) were collected from several pathology departments. Tests (two panels NGS-DNA/RNA expression, FISH, PD-L1, and IHC) were ordered as early as on the day of diagnosis to as late as 18 months following the diagnosis. Cancer cases reviewed were Colo-Rectal (72), Lung (48), Breast (24), Gastric (10), CNS (8), Melanoma (4), Head/Neck (20), GU (16), Sarcomas (8), Thyroid (6), Hepatic (8), Female Genital Tract (7) and Unknown Primary (23). Results (if a Case Study enter NA) We evaluated pathology reports, identified blocks, reviewed H&E slides, utilized NCCN guidelines in collaboration with oncologists. Tests were ordered using established billing criteria. Following tests were performed: PD-L1 (190 - 75%), FISH (50 - 20%), and NGS – two simple panel approach (215 - 85%). Using the aforesaid methods, our NGS results were successful in >95%. We were able to identify actionable and prognostic mutations in >80% of tumors. Conclusion Our algorithm has been designed considering NCCN guidelines and are updated frequently with new therapeutic targets and actionable mutations. The emphasis is to conserve diagnostic tissue and ensure timely ordering of tests as medically necessary. This can be adopted by pathologists in conjunction with clinical information, pathology reports, and be used as a part of diagnostic workups to reduce delays in treatment, avoid tissue loss, utilize current billing (inpatient/outpatient) practices, pre-authorization and eventually improving patient care as well as reduce overall healthcare costs.

A Novel Detection Method of Breast Cancer through a Simple Panel of Biomarkers.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as responsible for the spread of tumors to other organs of the body. In this sense, the development of sensitive and specific assays for their detection is important to reduce the number of deaths due to metastases. Here, we assessed whether the detection of CTCs in peripheral blood can serve in the construction of a panel of diagnosis and monitoring treatments of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the expression of markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Through analyzing the blood from women without breast alterations (control), women with benign alterations, women with breast cancer without chemotherapy, and women with breast cancer with chemotherapy, we identified the best markers by transcriptional levels and determined three profiles of CTCs (mesenchymal, intermediate, and epithelial) by flow cytometry which, combined, can be used for diagnosis and therapy monitoring with sensitivity and specificity between 80% and 100%. Therefore, we have developed a method for detecting breast cancer based on the analysis of CTC profiles by epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers which, combined, can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy.

A new approach to the study of Hodgkin lymphoma by flow cytometry

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) appears to originate from germinal centre B cells but lacks expression of most B cell markers. In contrast to non-Hodgkin B lymphomas, HL is not routinely diagnosed using flow cytometry techniques, and diagnosis is mainly based on immunohistochemical and cytomorphological pathology studies. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are large and fragile, making them difficult to study by flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to characterise the CD71 expression pattern on CD4+ T cells from HL patients and to design a simple flow cytometry algorithm to complement the histopathological diagnosis of HL. The present study suggests the utility of a conventional staining protocol with a simple panel of seven markers (CD15, CD30, CD4, CD8, CD71, CD3, and CD45) and a well-defined analysis strategy. The proposed algorithm uses the CD71 ratio (calculated as the percentage of CD71+ CD4+ T cells divided by the percentage of CD71+ CD45+ CD3- lymphocytes), with a cut-off of 0.5 to establish diagnosis groups as suggestive (≥0.5) or not suggestive (<0.5) of HL. In HL, CD71 expression is higher on CD4+ T lymphocytes than on non-T lymphocytes. In addition, the CD4+ T cell population is increased in HL patients, with no change in amounts of CD8+ T cells. Application of the CD71 ratio algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 87%, with 84.61% of patients correctly diagnosed. Although histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive HL diagnosis, the proposed flow cytometry method provides a rapid method to guide the study that would allow a more robust and integrated diagnosis. Moreover, the procedure is easily applicable in most clinical laboratories as it does not require state-of-the-art cytometers and uses standard reagents.