Simple Mediation Model Research Articles

Ethical Leadership and Emotional Exhaustion: The Impact of Moral Intensity and Affective Commitment

Purpose: The impact of ethical leadership on employee emotional exhaustion has been extensively analyzed. However, the impact of a leader’s moral intensity on an employee’s emotional state has gone largely unnoticed. This research demonstrates that ethical leadership influences employee emotional exhaustion as a function of the extent of the leader’s moral standards. Furthermore, this research finds that affective commitment acts as a mediating mechanism. Methods: A simple mediation model is used. The sample consists of 448 professionals in six organizations in the Colombian electrical sector who responded to an online questionnaire. The sampling is probabilistic by conglomerates. Findings: This research found a positive relationship between ethical leadership and emotional exhaustion, with affective commitment being a mechanism that helps explain this association. Ethical behavior is voluntary in nature and develops in an environment of trust. When an ethical leader surpasses specific moral turning points, a follower’s learning becomes an obligation, preventing affective fluidity. A search for acceptance implies constant consumption of resources that weakens the follower’s capacity for self-regulation until it is exhausted. Moreover, when the leader’s expectations are difficult to meet, affective commitment can lead to significant emotional ambiguity in followers. This context intensifies role stress and increases the likelihood of emotional exhaustion. Lastly, seniority in the workplace promotes emotional exhaustion. Originality: This research challenges conventional wisdom about the mitigating effect of ethical leadership on employees’ emotional states. It broadens the understanding of this management style and fills a crucial knowledge gap by introducing a new perspective. Practical Implications: A balanced and accessible leader can quickly convey a convincing ethical discourse. Emphasizing the vulnerability and importance of human beings can help prevent moral anguish and ethical distances. This, in turn, provides followers with resources to mitigate exhaustion and strengthen commitment.

Gender differences in organizational fairness, diversity and inclusion: the mediating role of psychological safety in affective commitment

PurposeThe current study explores the role of social psychological factors on organizational commitment. It examined the relationships between organizational fairness, inclusion, diversity, sexism, psychological safety and affective commitment.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a cross-sectional survey method where data were collected from staff across six higher education institutions in the United Kingdom. A total of 416 responses were collected and the data were analyzed by employing independent sample t-tests to explore gender differences regarding organizational diversity, inclusion, fairness, sexism, psychological safety and affective commitment. The mediating role of psychological safety in the effects of organizational diversity, fairness, inclusion and sexism on staff’s commitment to the organization was evaluated through a series of simple mediation models. Finally, the mediated effect of organizational social psychological factors on affective commitment through psychological safety, moderated by gender was tested.FindingsAs hypothesized, men had higher perceptions of organizational inclusion and diversity and viewed their organization as less sexist. Psychological safety mediated the positive effects of organizational diversity, fairness, inclusion and sexism on staff’s affective commitment to the organization. Organizational diversity and sexism played a bigger part in how women evaluate their organizational environment as safe to take risks and be themselves and consequently on how they commit to the organization. On the other hand, organizational fairness and inclusion seem more closely tied to men’s evaluation of their organization as safe to be themselves and consequently stronger commitment.Originality/valueThe findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that shape affective commitment, that can lead to more inclusive work environments and contribute to systemic change in the Higher Education context.

The mediating role of visual behavior in perceived walkability evaluation

ABSTRACT Past studies used street-view images to directly analyze the effect of visual environments on perceived walkability. There is a gap in understanding how eye movement mediates the results of perceived walkability evaluations. The study proposed a method to transform the vector coordinates of gaze into the coordinates of panoramic photos. Then, we used mixed linear regressions and a simple mediation model to reveal the mediating role of visual behavior on perceived walkability evaluations. The results showed that: (1) Fixation has an incomplete mediating role in the impact of visual information on perceived walkability. (2) Most streetscape elements with long fixation duration impacted perceived walkability. (3) In the visual information model, the tree and streetlight negatively impacted perceived walkability. And the gutter positively impacted perceived walkability. However, in the fixation model, the tree and streetlight positively impacted perceived walkability. The gutter negatively impacted perceived walkability. This study offers scholars and policymakers a novel perspective on understanding perceived walkability.

Acceptance versus distraction as coping strategies for acute pain and pain-induced alcohol urge and approach inclinations.

Experimental research has identified pain as a determinant of alcohol urge mediated via negative affect. This study aimed to test acceptance coping (vs. distraction) as a moderator of this relationship. Using a randomized 2 × 2 between-subjects repeated-measures experimental design, pain-free hazardous drinkers (N = 135) were randomly assigned to receive acceptance or distraction coping training. They were asked to use the strategy while receiving an acutely painful or nonpainful stimulus. It was hypothesized that the effects of pain on negative affect would be weaker among those who received acceptance training, resulting in lower ratings on alcohol urge and approach inclinations. There were no moderating effects of Pain Condition × Coping Condition on negative affect. Given this, the moderator was removed and a simple mediation model was tested. Results showed significant indirect effects for alcohol urge through negative affect. Results suggested no differences between acceptance and distraction coping in ameliorating acute pain effects on negative affect and alcohol-related outcomes. The mediation model was partially replicated. Findings provide information that may accelerate the design of interventions to curtail drinking for pain coping by better understanding the utility of acceptance training and the pain-alcohol relation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Influence of Physical Activity and Positive Affect on the Relationship between Pain Severity and Cognitive Performance in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia, characterized by chronic pain and cognitive impairments, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functions and reduce pain severity. Additionally, positive affect enhances cognitive flexibility and facilitates better adaptation to chronic pain, suggesting that combining physical activity and positive affect could mitigate cognitive deficits in fibromyalgia patients. Objectives: The objective of this work is to explore the relationship between pain severity and cognitive performance through time spent doing moderate physical activity while taking into account the role of positive affect in fibromyalgia. Methods: This prospective study was structured into two phases of evaluation. First, pain severity, positive affect, and time spent performing moderate physical activity were evaluated, and one week later cognitive performance (assessed through the Stroop test) was also evaluated. The final sample consisted of 231 women with fibromyalgia. Moderated mediation analyses were performed using PROCESS. Results: The moderated mediation model showed that the effect of moderate physical activity on the relationship between pain severity and cognitive performance was significant for low levels of positive affect but not for moderate or high levels. That is, the indirect effect of pain intensity on cognitive performance through time spent doing moderate physical activity only has an effect when patients with fibromyalgia present low levels of positive affect. However, there was no significant indirect effect in the simple mediation model. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering the level of positive affect when examining the impact of moderate physical activity on cognitive performance in women with fibromyalgia.

Governance for Sustainable Development in Peruvian High Andean Communities: Mediation of Attitude

Objective: The objective was to determine how governance explains sustainable development, mediated by attitude, in high Andean communities in Peru. Theoretical Framework: Few theories help to measure the levels of sustainable development at the community level, with little literature and evidence existing. The studies suggest applying transdisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, incorporating uncertainty, adaptive governance processes. Method: Applying the quantitative approach, surveying 385 rural community members, with a 51-item Likert-type questionnaire. The results are presented in frequency tables, ordinal regression and simple mediation model in SPSS. Results and Discussion: The results for governance are perceived as high in 68.1% of cases, attitude to development at a medium level in 49.9% and sustainable development at a medium level by 80.3%. Governance explains 52.6% of sustainable development and 41.6% of attitude to development, and attitude to development explains 65.7% of sustainable development, all significant, values calculated with Nagelkerke's Pseudo R box. The mediating effect of attitude to development is 10.13% between governance and sustainable development. Research Implications: The research provides results that can be applied to the governance of rural communities, so that they achieve higher levels of development. Likewise, it allows investigators to continue deepening their understanding of sustainable development, a complex issue at the community level, as they are areas little addressed by the state. Originality/Value: It is a first work that measures the relationship of the three variables in communities, thus contributing to the sustainable development literature with empirical evidence for the implementation of development policies at the community level.

Industrial Cluster in the Competitiveness of Automotive Services Companies: Mediation of the Value Chain

Companies need to associate to share resources and capabilities, thereby achieving greater competitiveness in the market. The objective was to measure the influence of the industrial cluster on business competitiveness, mediated by the value chain in small automotive services companies in Peru. With a quantitative, basic approach, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional data collection, causal scope, from a sample of 302 companies, applying a survey with a 51-item questionnaire, the data was processed with SPSS and PROCESS, applying a simple mediation model. The results showed that the industrial cluster is perceived as fair by 38.7% of respondents, the value chain as good by 42.1%, and business competitiveness as poor by 32.1%. The industrial cluster is related at 0.223 to business competitiveness, and 0.225 to the value chain. The value chain has a relationship of 0.832 with business competitiveness and an indirect effect of 0.187 in the relationship of the industrial cluster and business competitiveness, all significant relationships. It is concluded that the industrial cluster is fundamental in the competitiveness of automotive service companies and the value chain is the tool that enhances the relationship between these variables.

The impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions: a serial mediation analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions through a serial mediation of overconfidence and disposition effects.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assess the behavioral biases affecting the investment decisions of life insurance policyholders through the serial mediation of overconfidence and disposition effects using a structured questionnaire. The study included 501 life insurance policyholders who were selected using a snowball sampling technique.FindingsThe results of this study revealed that behavioral biases influence the investment decisions of life insurance policyholders. The results also support the serial mediation model, where behavioral biases influence the investment decisions of life insurance policyholders via overconfidence and disposition effects.Research limitations/implicationsThis study makes a theoretical contribution to the field of behavioral finance by exploring the influences of behavioral biases on investment decisions. It also introduces overconfidence and disposition effects as serial mediators between behavioral biases and investment decisions. The study will be helpful for researchers, academicians and policymakers in the development of a more comprehensive model in the area of behavioral finance and in raising awareness regarding those biases among policyholders in order to improve their investment strategy.Originality/valueThis study has extended the ongoing simple mediation model by integrating overconfidence and disposition effects in a serial mediation model between behavioral biases and investment decisions. The study will contribute to the area of behavioral finance, as it is the first time this particular study has been conducted according to the authors’ knowledge.

Loneliness, peer relationships, and symptoms of depression affect health care service use in adolescence

Adolescents’ health behavior is promoted by their social relationships, and social isolation may affect their health and use of health care services. No previous studies have examined the quality of social relationships and health care service use from adolescence to young adulthood. We investigated the associations between the quality of the social relationships, depression, and the utilization of primary health care services by adolescents and young adults. The participants (n = 793, aged 13-18 years) were from a general population sample who attended a five-year follow-up study. Data on health care service utilization were obtained from primary health care registers. Self-rated questionnaires were used at two time points, and the associations between the number of visits to health services and background factors were analyzed using generalized linear models. The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between loneliness and health service use was assessed with a simple mediation model. Young age, female gender, and symptoms of depression associated with a higher number of visits to health care services during the follow-up period. Loneliness in males and poor relationships with peers in females associated with a lower number of health care service visits. Furthermore, the effect of loneliness on health service visits was mediated by symptoms of depression. The quality of social relationships in adolescence may affect the utilization of health care services, and the role of social relationships in health care service utilization differs between males and females.

The role of peripheral white blood cell counts in the association between central adiposity and glycemic status

AimsAlthough central adiposity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mediation role of circulating WBC counts in the association between central adiposity and the risk of diabetes.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Fuqing cohort study, which included 6,613 participants aged 35–75 years. Logistic regression analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between waist-to-hip ratio, WBC counts and glycemic status. Both simple and parallel multiple mediation models were used to explore the potential mediation effects of WBCs on the association of waist-to-hip ratio with diabetes.ResultsThe study revealed a positive relationship between waist-to-hip ratio and risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.74) and diabetes (OR = 2.89; 95% CI, 2.45 to 3.40). Moreover, elevated peripheral WBC counts were associated with both central adiposity and worsening glycemic status (P < 0.05). The mediation analysis with single mediators demonstrated that there is a significant indirect effect of central adiposity on prediabetes risk through total WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count; the proportions mediated were 9.92%, 6.98%, 6.07%, and 3.84%, respectively. Additionally, total WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and basophil count mediated 11.79%, 11.51%, 6.29%, 4.78%, and 1.76%, respectively, of the association between central adiposity and diabetes. In the parallel multiple mediation model using all five types of WBC as mediators simultaneously, a significant indirect effect (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.14) were observed, with a mediated proportion of 12.77%.ConclusionsCentral adiposity was independently associated with an elevated risk of diabetes in a Chinese adult population; levels of circulating WBC may contribute to its underlying mechanisms.

The impact of loneliness on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a two-wave follow-up study

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many regions and countries implemented lockdowns and isolation to curb the virus’s spread, which might increase loneliness and lead to a series of psychological distress. This study aims to investigate the association between loneliness and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine whether perceived social support and perceived internal control mediate the loneliness-depression relationship in China. Self-report questionnaires were distributed online in two waves during the pandemic in 2020. At Wave 1, demographics and loneliness were reported when the lockdown was initially implemented in China, and at Wave 2, as the pandemic came under control and the epicenter lifted its lockdown. Depression, perceived social support, and perceived internal control were measured at both two waves. Higher levels of loneliness at Wave 1 were associated with more depression at Wave 2 after controlling for baseline depression and demographic variables. Simple mediation models showed that both perceived social support and internal control at two waves independently mediated the relationship between Wave 1 loneliness and Wave 2 depression. Additionally, the serial multiple mediation model indicated that perceived social support and perceived internal control sequentially mediated the path from loneliness to subsequent depression. A higher level of loneliness during the initial lockdown was linked with more severe depression with the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both perceived social support and perceived internal control acted as essential protective factors against depression from loneliness. Meanwhile, social support might protect mental health by enhancing the sense of self-control when facing loneliness.

Exploring the Role of Resilience as a Mediator in Selective Preventive Transdiagnostic Intervention (PROCARE+) for Adolescents at Risk of Emotional Disorders

Abstract: Introduction: Psychological treatments are becoming an increasingly important component of medical healthcare, as a growing number of people seek treatment for a wide range of mental health problems. While these treatments are known to be effective, much remains to be understood about their mechanisms and reasons for effectiveness. The study of statistical mediators is crucial in psychological research, as it is fundamental to understanding how psychological factors influence health, well-being, and human behavior, and thus to designing effective psychological interventions. Aim: This study investigates the role of resilience as a treatment mediator in PROCARE+, a brief transdiagnostic, personalized protocol for the selective prevention of emotional disorders in adolescents. This approach has proven effective for young people at risk of developing emotional issues. Method: We used simple mediation models in a sample of 153 adolescents to assess the impact of interventions on resilience. Outcome variables included self-reported and parent-reported emotional risk, mood, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. Discussion: The results of this study provide valuable information on how PROCARE+ works and how to improve its effectiveness, pointing to resilience as a key mediator in reducing the risk of developing emotional disorders and improving quality of life.

Emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms mediate the association between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD.

Impulsive aggressive behaviour, although not a core symptom, is often part of the clinical presentation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently, impulsive aggression has been attributed to emotion dysregulation, which is currently conceptualised as a transdiagnostic factor and seems to contribute to the co-occurrence of other problems in ADHD. Thus, this study investigated the presence of impulsive aggressive behaviour and explored whether emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. Because ADHD may act as a risk factor for the development of other conditions, such as internalising problems, we aimed to understand whether depressive symptoms contribute to this relationship. Seventy-two children were recruited from a hospital and the community, 38 of whom had ADHD and 34 were typically developing (TD). Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Emotion Regulation Checklist. Simple mediation and serial mediation models were performed to test our hypotheses. Aggressive behaviour was significantly higher in ADHD children compared to TD children. Emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in ADHD children. Adding depressive symptoms to the model increased the explained variance in aggressive behaviour. The main result of our study supports the role of emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms in mediating the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and impulsive aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. This highlights that aggressive behaviour is, in part, a result of the inability of the child to appropriately regulate their emotions. Future interventions may be tailored to improve emotion regulation skills to address aggressive behaviour.

The mediation effect of firm performance on the association between Two-tier Independent Boards and Green Innovation Practices: evidence from Indonesia

Purpose: This research examines the role of firm performance in the effect of a two-tier independent board on green innovation practices.Design/methodology/approach: This study employs a simple mediation model-4 using the Hayes Process approach to OLS regression with the R package. The dataset uses a total 518 public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017 to 2019, having 1,554 firm-year observations. Findings: The study revealed, based on the two-tier system, the role of a composite independent board on firm performance and green innovation is positive and significant. However, individual results for both independent commissaries and directors in terms of firm performance and green innovation practices are not significant. This result implies that a composite of independent boards is essential to reduce and mitigate the failure of corporate governance.Research limitations/implications: This research only applied a sample of companies from one country which adopted two-tier system. Future research might apply as a comparative analysis of those countries group with two-tier system versus countries group with one-tier system.Practical implications: First, companies need to enhance the knowledge and expertise of both independent directors and independent commissaries to improve their roles. Second, it is important to provide support for the campaign and incentives for green innovation practices. Third, insight drawn from this study leads to the latest regulation from the Financial Services Authority (as the representative of the Indonesian government), whereby independent directors are no longer mandatory for publicly listed companies starting in December 2021 and must be evaluated because the composite independent board is an effective tool to execute green projects and to accelerate the SDG agenda in 2030.Social Implications: The social implication of this study is companies’ awareness to produce more eco-based products, which are expected by stakeholders, can be actualized. Also, public perception shows companies with green products have better performance.Originality/value: This research is the first study examining the mediating role of firm performance on the effect of a two-tier independent board on green innovation practices. Second, this study introduces the latest methodology for the simple mediation model using a Hayes-based approach in the field of accounting with an open-source software R package.

Longitudinal relationship between social participation, depressive symptoms, and activity impairment among older patients with arthritis: a moderated mediation analysis

BackgroundArthritis primarily affects older people and is a prominent cause of their activity impairment. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between social participation and activity impairment, as well as to determine whether sex moderated the mediating effect.MethodsA total of 2247 older patients with arthritis were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2015 and 2018. We first examined a simple mediation model where depressive symptoms were a mediator between social participation and activity impairment. Furthermore, sex was systematically integrated into the model as a moderator. The mediation model and moderated mediation model were analyzed using PROCESS macro.ResultsMediation analysis revealed that the association between social participation and activity impairment was partially mediated by depressive symptoms (B = -0.10, 95% CI = [-0.14, -0.06]) with intermediary effect of 28.6%. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that mediation model was moderated by sex. The indirect effect of social participation on activity impairment among female patients (B = -0.15, 95% CI = [-0.21, -0.09]) was stronger than male patients (B = -0.04, 95% CI = [-0.09, -0.01]).ConclusionSocial participation was the key protective factor associated with depressive symptoms and activity impairment among arthritis patients. Encouraging arthritis patients to social participation and improving the depressive symptoms might avoid activity impairment, especially for female patients.

Abstract WP71: Early Stroke Alert and Telestroke Notification Reduces Door to Needle Time

Background: Door to telestroke request times (DTSR) contribute to door to needle time (DTN) in telestroke networks, however, data is limited on the relationship between DTSR, DTN and other contributing factors. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between processes at the spoke, by EMS and how these contributed to DTN in telestroke spokes. Methods: This is a multi-center retrospective analysis of telestroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis from a hub and spoke telestroke network from June 2018 to March 2023. Patients were excluded from this study due to missing data. The Primary outcome was to examine the relationship between DTSR, DTN and other contributing variables. Multiple regression analyses evaluated which factors contributed to DTSR and DTN. A simple mediation model with covariates NIHSS and average telestroke volume was used to determine if DTSR mediates the relationship between door to stroke alert and DTN. A subgroup analysis examined which variables contributed to DTSR in patients arriving by EMS. A hierarchical multivariable regression analysis entering potential confounding variables as identified in preliminary analyses then variables of interest was used in the subgroup analysis. Results: There were 582 telestroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis and after exclusions, 471 (80.9%) patients were included in the study. The mean age ± SD of the patients was 69.50 ± 15.11 and 238 (50.5%) were female. Door to telestroke request partially mediated the relationship between door to stroke alert and DTN as door to stroke alert was significantly associated with DTN after adjustment for DTSR, B = 0.25 [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.10 - 0.41], p &lt; 0.001. In the adjusted model, DTSR explained 29% [95%CI, 22% - 35%] of the variance in DTN. Prehospital stroke alert by EMS reduced DTSR by 6.99 minutes [95%CI, 3.31 - 10.68], p &lt; 0.001, after adjustment of confounding variables. In patients with prehospital stroke alert, earlier ED physician evaluation was associated with quicker DTSR, B = 0.48 [95%CI, 0.01 - 0.95], p = 0.045. Conclusion: Early notification of the local stroke alert team and telestroke physician is associated with quicker DTN. Prehospital stroke alerts by EMS allow for quicker evaluation by ED physician which results in reduced DTSR.

The protective role of positive mental health on prolonged grief disorder, anxiety and depression among bereaved refugees: cross-sectional mediation models

AbstractGrief is a common reaction to loss; however, its persistence is subject to specific mechanisms related to the context of death, comorbidities with other mental health disorders, and individual coping status. The current study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional link between refugees’ positive mental health (PMH) and reduced prolonged grief disorder (PGD) mediated by changes in anxiety and depression and, conversely, between PMH and reduced anxiety and depression symptoms mediated by changes in prolonged grief symptoms. The present cross-sectional study involved 385 bereaved adult Arabic-speaking refugees. Data were collected via an online survey. All participants experienced prolonged grief symptoms a minimum of 6 months from the death event. The parallel mediation model showed that PMH is indirectly linked to PGD, and the significant mediation of anxiety and depression could explain this relationship. Furthermore, two simple mediation models showed that PMH is indirectly linked to anxiety and depression, and the significant mediating effect of PGD could explain this relationship. The current results confirm the role of PMH as a predisposed coping status that could reduce the risk for PGD. Increasing the level of PMH can be considered a protective factor against challenging life events such as persistent grief and related disorders.

The mediating effect of 18F-FDG metabolism in right caudate between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

The objective of this study was to investigate the accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in the whole brain between Alzheimer's disease (AD) with depressive (ADD) symptoms compared with AD without depressive (ADND) symptoms using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). Additionally, this study aimed to explore the associations among the accumulation of 18F-FDG in the brain, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in ADD patients. In this study, 25 AD patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. The AD patients were stratified into two groups, namely ADD and ADND, based on their scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Both AD patients and healthy controls underwent an 18F-FDG PET/MRI scan. A standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated to examine the accumulation of 18F-FDG in the brain. A simple mediation model was employed to examine the mediation effect between SUVR, depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD patients. The ADD group exhibited significant cognitive impairment compared to the ADND group (p < 0.001) and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The ADD patients exhibited the reduced SUVR (0.228 ± 0.126) in the right caudate (the voxel level p < 0.005, cluster level p < 0.05, after false discovery rate (FDR) correction) compared to ADND patients (0.459 ± 0.064) and healthy controls (0.706 ± 0.122). The SUVR of the right caudate was correlated with the HAMD scores (r = -0.792, p < 0.001) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (r = 0.738, p < 0.01). The relationship between depressive symptoms and the cognitive function in ADD patients is mediated by the right caudate SUVR (total effects = -0.385, direct effects = -0.02, total indirect effects = -0.405). The ADD group exhibited the reduced SUVR in the right caudate compared to the ADND group and healthy controls. The relationship between depressive symptoms and the cognitive ability of AD patients was mediated by the right caudate SUVR. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms related to AD with depressive symptoms.

The Mediating Role of Sleep Problems in the Relationship between Economic Hardship and Quality of Life: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

Background: We examined the mediating effect of sleep problems on the relationship between economic hardship (i.e., economic stress and subjective socioeconomic status) and quality of life (QOL).Methods: We analyzed data from 232 students who completed all three self-report surveys over the course of the semester, employing a simple mediation model examined by the SPSS PROCESS Macro.Results: The findings revealed that higher levels of economic stress at Time 1 (T1) were associated with higher levels of sleep problems at T2 which, in turn, were associated with a poorer QOL at T3. In contrast, subjective socioeconomic status at T1 was not associated with sleep problems at either T2 or QOL at T3.Conclusions: The current results suggest that improving sleep problems may be effective in mitigating the negative impact of economic stress on QOL among university students.

Preference for Hedonic Goals in Fibromyalgia; Is It Always an Avoidance Mechanism? Looking the Relationship with Pain Acceptance from a Positive Psychology Perspective

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of openness to experience on pain acceptance through positive affect (PA) considering the moderating role of preference for mood management goals in women with fibromyalgia (FM). A cross-sectional study (n = 231) was carried out. A simple mediation model and a moderate mediation model were conducted by SPSS macro-PROCESS. Results showed that PA mediated positively the effect of openness to experience on acceptance (B = 0.46, SE = 0.80, t = 5,59; 95% CI = [0.3016, 0.6298], p < .001) and that the contribution of openness to experience to PA varied at different values of mood management goals (medium: - .04; ß = .40, p < .001; high: .95; ß = .61, p<.001). Findings may serve as a foundation for tailored interventions to promote activity through acceptance focusing on PA and mood management goals among women with medium to high level of hedonic goals.