Simple Language Research Articles

From the Traditionalists to GenZ: conceptualizing intergenerational communication and media preferences in the USA

Abstract Purpose This paper categorizes the seven generations of people living in the USA with a 15-year per generation matrix. This paper presents the communication styles of five generations active as employees and consumers in the USA today: the Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials (GenY), and GenZ. This paper provides strategies for more efficient intergenerational communication. Design/methodology/approach This paper is the result of a multi-method qualitative research that crystallizes data from in-depth interviews with ten entrepreneurs in global business and participant observation as a college professor for GenY and GenZ students. Findings Organizations need to consider adopting generation specific social media apps for two-way communication. This paper unveils the communication preferences of five generations currently active in the workforce and marketplace in the USA: The Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials (GenY), and GenZ. Practical implications For the sustainability of any organization, it is critical to study the communication preferences of the five generations active in the workforce and marketplace in the USA today. In order to achieve intergenerational communication efficiency, companies/organizations need to (1) Conceptualize intergenerational communication as a form of intercultural communication; (2) Craft clear “vision statements;” (3) Communicate with simple language to all generations; (4) Engage in two-way communication via mass media and social media. Theoretical and social implications The ongoing digital transformation has a dramatic impact on organizational communication in the USA. Applying the “Speech Code Theory” and “News Find Me” perspective, this research proposes viewing intergenerational communication as intercultural communication. Companies and organizations face challenges with managing, incorporating, and engaging with five generations of employees and customers who grew up in different economic eras, impacted by different technologies and media. Originality/value This is the first academic study that synthesizes communication preferences of five generations active in the workforce and marketplace in the USA. This multi-method approach incorporates first hand data from in-depth interviews with ten global business leaders from the generations of Traditionalist, Baby Boomers, and Generation X, as well as participant observation as a professor in the USA for students in GenY (Millennials) and GenZ generations.

A Comparative Study of Translation in Japanese Version of Camel Xiangzi：Take the Eighteen chapter of Furong Feng’s and Syousuke Tatsuma’s Japanese versions as an example

Camel Xiangzi, an excellent realistic novel, is a masterpiece in the history of modern Chinese literature. With vivid and simple language and a clear and rigorous narrative structure, the author Lao She depicts the story of an ignorant and kind-hearted peasant who gradually degenerates into a "man-eating culture" by focusing on the "three ups and three downs" of the main character Xiangzi. The book has been translated into more than 20 languages and circulated worldwide. Therefore, this study focuses on its Japanese translation by conducting a comparative study.

Hindustan Unilever Ltd. vs. Securities and Exchange Board of India

This case is a well-established precedent in the world of insider trading. But what is insider trading? According to Upstox, Insider Trading is the act of purchasing, selling, underwriting, or agreeing to underwrite the securities or stocks of an organization by key executives/personnel of the company who have access to UPSI - Unpublished Price Sensitive Information regarding the company. In simple language, it is an illegal practice to trade in a company's securities using sensitive information that hasn't been made public. Insider trading refers to the use of this information to make an erroneous profit or loss. The information is referred regarded as "price sensitive" since it may influence the market value of a company's shares. The first legislation addressing insider trading was the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI") Act, 1992, and the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) ("PIT") Regulations, 1992 and the Companies Act, 2013 ("The Act"), Section 195 was added to outlaw insider dealing in stocks. The SEBI PIT Regulations, 2015, which were implemented in 2015, superseded the 1992 regulations to update the capital market regulatory structure. Unpublished Price Sensitive Information ("UPSI") communication and trading while in possession of UPSI are covered by Regulations 3 and 4 of the PIT Regulations, 2015, respectively. Regulation 2(1) (n) of PIT 2015 defines UPSI, as follows: “(n) “unpublished price sensitive information” means any information, relating to a company or its securities directly or indirectly, that is not generally available which upon becoming generally available, is likely to materially affect the price of the securities and shall, ordinarily including but not restricted to, information relating to the following: (i) financial results;(ii) dividends;(iii) change in capital structure;(iv) mergers, de-mergers, acquisitions, de-listings, disposals and expansion of business and such other transactions; (v) changes in key managerial personnel; and(vi) material events with the listing agreement. NOTE: It is intended that information relating to a company or securities that are not generally available would-be unpublished price-sensitive information if it is likely to materially affect the price upon coming into the public domain. The types of matters that would ordinarily give rise to unpublished price sensitive information have been listed above to give illustrative guidance of unpublished price sensitive information.” A person who works for the firm whose shares they trade is an insider. For instance, he could be one of the company's directors, presidents, or top executives who own more than 10% of the stock. Even if a person is not employed by the company, they may have access to plenty of secret information about stock performance from a genuine corporate official. Examples of N.S.E insider trading include officers, directors, and staff who trade in the company's securities after learning of significant and private business happenings and friends, co-workers, or family members of such executives, directors, and staff who traded shares after learning of this knowledge.

Positive Psychology in Christian Perspective: Foundations, Concepts, and Application

Positive Psychology in Christian Perspective: Foundations, Concepts, and Application

Promotion Strategy Of Pacu Jawi Event in Pariangan District, West Sumatra Province

Introduction:
 This study aims to determine the promotion strategy for the Pacu Jawi (cow race) event in Pariangan District, West Sumatra Province. There are three indicators of the promotion strategy used to promote the Pacu Jawi event in Pariangan District, West Sumatra: identifying the target audience, designing messages, and choosing appropriate media. These three indicators need to be a concern to help the Youth and Sports Tourism Office in Tanah Datar Regency to attract tourists and compete with other tourism events in West Sumatra so that in the future, the Pacu Jawi Event is right on target, according to the needs and interests of tourists, and visitors who are targeted are more effective and efficient.
 Methodology:
 The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The subjects of this study consisted of six informants, two main informants from the Youth and Sports Tourism Office Tanah Datar Regency, one supporting informant from the chairman of the Pariangan District Tourism Travel Awareness Group (Pokdarwis), one Head of Pacu Jawi Association (Porwi), and two informants from the Travel Agents. Data collection techniques and data sources were carried out using interview methods with interview guidelines and documentation in the form of direct photos and voice recordings from the informants.
 Findings: 
 The results of this study show that research informants identify target audiences using special techniques by expanding the selected audience based on tourist visits. Is there any increase or decrease? Identifying the target audience is also through the Pacu Jawi photography competition; the target is photographers and domestic tourists who can affect economic growth for residents and are expected to increase the amount of regional income because many tourists come from outside of the region. Besides that, designing messages by creating an attractive event calendar design and uploading it on social media, such as Instagram, every week for the Pacu Jawi event and making it a tour package is one of the strategies to promote the event. Another strategy is to spread messages through the event calendar, namely the flagship program of the Tanah Datar Regency Government, namely the One Nagari One Event Program. The flagship One Nagari One Event program has been facilitated by the Tanah Datar local government since 2022 to revive the tourism sector and rise from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This program is expected to be able to attract tourists to Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. In addition, traditional culture and traditions that have disappeared are now reappearing, and also through this program, it is possible to drive tourism and the creative economy. On this event calendar, there are black, red, and yellow symbols, which symbolize the Marawa (a tricolor flag consisting of three vertical charts showing the typical Minangkabau colors, that is black, red, and yellow) as the official flag of Minangkabau. In designing the message, it has fulfilled the aspects and paid attention to the content of the message to be disseminated. However, it should also be noted that before creating a message, it is important to use communicative sentences to make it easy for the audience to understand. Media selection is made personally and non-personally. Personal media is communication carried out face-to-face between two or more people as done by the Tourism, Youth and Sports Office of Tanah Datar Regency, which is attending events and promoting them directly through making videos containing information about the Pacu Jawi event. Meanwhile, non-personal communication is carried out indirectly or with the help of print / online media such as social media (Instagram, Facebook, TikTok), flyers, and posters.
 Conclusion: 
 The Pacu Jawi Event Promotion Strategy in Pariangan Regency, West Sumatra Province, uses three indicators; the first is identifying the target audience using special techniques in determining the target audience by inviting photographers for the Pacu Jawi photo competition and classifying demographics that target audiences of all ages, genders, and professions. The second is designing messages with simple language, which does not mean simplifying the concept but presenting information in a way that is more easily understood by the audience and also telling an overview of the content of the philosophy of Pacu Jawi in Pariangan itself to attract tourists with events in Nagari Pariangan. The design of the message has a particular meaning and is different for each message conveyed because the message depends on the event to be promoted. Third, the selection of media used is based on print media such as posters and billboards and online media such as social media like Instagram, Facebook, Tanah Datar District Government website, TikTok and uploading documentary videos about the Pacu Jawi event and through radio broadcasts.
 Keywords: Promotion Strategy, Pacu Jawi, Event, Pariangan

Communication strategies and effectiveness of early childhood obesity-related prevention programs for linguistically diverse communities: A rapid review.

Children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds experience higher rates of obesity and have poorer outcomes in obesity prevention studies. Interventions tailored to specific cultural groups may be limited within linguistically diverse, multicultural communities, and thus, alternative approaches to childhood obesity prevention in these communities are needed. This study aims to describe communication strategies used in interventions targeting prevention of obesity/obesity-related behaviors, among children 0-5years, from linguistically diverse communities, and assess their effectiveness. A rapid review was conducted by systematically searching Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria are as follows: Studies reported an intervention tailored to linguistically diverse communities targeting at least one obesity-related behavior among children 0-5years. The exclusion criteria are as follows: Interventions used simple language translations, targeted one language group, or treated obesity. A total of 4677 articles were identified with 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Key communication strategies included materials in multiple languages, English text written at a set readability level, and multimodal delivery. Six studies reported effectiveness data, of which five had effective primary or secondary outcomes. This is the first rapid review to identify communication strategies used in childhood obesity prevention interventions for linguistically diverse communities, highlighting a need for future research to incorporate and evaluate the communication strategies identified.

BioLegato: a programmable, object-oriented graphic user interface

BackgroundBiologists are faced with an ever-changing array of complex software tools with steep learning curves, often run on High Performance Computing platforms. To resolve the tradeoff between analytical sophistication and usability, we have designed BioLegato, a programmable graphical user interface (GUI) for running external programs.ResultsBioLegato can run any program or pipeline that can be launched as a command. BioLegato reads specifications for each tool from files written in PCD, a simple language for specifying GUI components that set parameters for calling external programs. Thus, adding new tools to BioLegato can be done without changing the BioLegato Java code itself. The process is as simple as copying an existing PCD file and modifying it for the new program, which is more like filling in a form than writing code. PCD thus facilitates rapid development of new applications using existing programs as building blocks, and getting them to work together seamlessly.ConclusionBioLegato applies Object-Oriented concepts to the user experience by organizing applications based on discrete data types and the methods relevant to that data. PCD makes it easier for BioLegato applications to evolve with the succession of analytical tools for bioinformatics. BioLegato is applicable not only in biology, but in almost any field in which disparate software tools need to work as an integrated system.

Prevalence and awareness of Herpes Zoster Among Saudi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, A Cross Sectional Study in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful vesicular rash that happens when an infection with the varicella-zoster virus in the sensory ganglia is reactivated. The incidence and severity of HZ and its complications increase with advancing age, with a marked increase after 50 years of age. In addition, diabetes mellitus has been found to be a risk factor for severe, persistent postherpetic neuralgia.
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Al-Ahsa City, Eastern Saudi Arabia, in 2023. The study population included patients with DM who visit outpatient (ambulatory care) in primary or secondary health care setting. The convenience sample included 224 participants. A validated closed-ended interview questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS program version 28, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
 Results: The study included 224 participants, more than half (54.5%) of whom were female. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 61.1 ± 8 years. Most of the participants (97.8%) were married, and 29.0% had a secondary school education level. More than half of the participants (56.7%) had heard of HZ. Only 6.7% had been diagnosed with HZ, and 23.7% knew someone who had been diagnosed with HZ. In addition, 18.8% had been vaccinated against HZ. Most patients (80.8%) cited healthcare providers as their primary source of HZ knowledge, followed by friends/relatives (37.9%). More than half of the participants were aware of HZ (62.1%) and had a positive attitude towards HZ (55.8%) respectively. Awareness of HZ was positively correlated with a higher level of education, a high income, a short duration of diabetes, having heard of HZ, being diagnosed with HZ, knowing someone who had been diagnosed with HZ, and being vaccinated against HZ among diabetic patients.
 Conclusion: The results revealed low vaccination rates and low awareness of HZ. The study recommends that education in simple language should be provided through various media to increase community awareness about HZ and its vaccine. Additionally, healthcare providers should promote and recommend HZ vaccinations for DM patients.

Calquing within Language and Subject-Calque as Forms of Transhumanist Irresponsibility

In the proposed article I will address the issue of calquing in the Russian language from a philosophical/psychoanalytical point of view and from that of algorithmization/ cybernetization of the human culture. I will touch upon the problem of interrelationship between body and language, which underlie subjectivity and transform in space and over time. I will try to highlight structural characteristics indicative of subject’s transition to another, post-anthropological quality “by means of” calquing of one’s mother tongue. Corporate culture and the consumption of popular translated literature in a simplified language and dubbed mainstream films keep diminishing expectations from an individual in relation to his mother tongue and, hence, to one’s personality as such, while making the latter giving up on “baroque extravagances” and shifting one’s symbolic reference points from within the philology of one’s mother tongue and canonical cultural texts to a utopian “arithmetic mean” of sense-production which eliminates the idiosyncratic space of language as that which opposes translation and comprises the core of culture. On the one hand, language turns into a rudiment, a dead load, while on the other hand — into an instrument of an alienated labor of information exchange, while representing a fundamental cultural phenomenon the problematics and meaning of which I will debate here. In an attempt of exposing the symptoms of subject-calque having lost organic touch with the mother tongue and the living speech, I will turn to Jacques Lacan’s comments on the phenomenon of delusion, as well as to Boris Groys’ thoughts regarding the linguistic pathologies emerging as a result of contemporary subject’s dealing with the search engine Google.

The Implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany

This article aims to review the application of the concept of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany using Hassan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an analytical approach. The socio-political and thought conditions of al-Baqilany's time became a problem in itself. The diversity of society that is not only from the Arab community also raises problems that require special handling. Qadi al-Baqilani had a view of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar who could respond to the realities of the time. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of literature study. The choice of Hasan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an approach aims to deepen the study so as to get a complete picture of the real implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany. The researcher's analysis includes socio-historical conditions, texts, reality and people's consciousness. The main instruments are reduction data, display data and conclusions. The results show that a) the socio-historical, political and thought of society is very diverse. There was a lot of poverty and misthinking by the Mu'tazilites as key holders of the madhhab in government. So that the implementation carried out by Al-Baqilany is to conduct scientific debates to several schools or schools, especially the Mu'tazilites, Jahmiyah and Shia in the place provided by the government. And also by contradicting the Roman king, b) the incorporation of reason and naqli in every argument, c) the use of linguistic elements needed in his works and debates, d) the use of communicative, systematic, simple and understandable language at every level of his works and e) the existence of mass awareness efforts.

Empowering Children through Sex Education: A Study on Kindergarten Policies in Indonesia

This article explores the urgency of sexual education for early childhood, focusing on the role of teachers in delivering this material. This study aims to understand how sex education can be delivered according to the psychological developmental stages of early childhood. Employing ten participants, this qualitative study included observation and in-depth interviews with teachers and parents at two major kindergartens in Palopo City, namely Paramata Bunda Palopo Kindergarten and Datok Sulaiman Palopo Kindergarten. Research instruments included interview guidelines and observation sheets. Data were analysed through thematic analysis, considering the perspectives of educational psychology, educational sociology and religious education. The results showed that sex education needs to be delivered with simple language and content adapted to early childhood development, involving the active role of teachers, parents, and the community. Sexual education can also help children understand the values of gender equality and avoid sexual discrimination. In addition, religious education plays an important role in understanding moral values in the context of sex. This study concludes that sexual education for early childhood is important and needs to be done with an approach appropriate to the stages of child development and involving various parties. The contributions of this study include recommendations for developing sexual education curricula in kindergartens and the education of teachers and parents in providing sexual education. The results also show potential for future research in developing more effective strategies in sexual education for early childhood.

‘With this study, we have hope that something is coming’: community members’ perceptions of HIV cure-related research in Durban, South Africa – a qualitative focus group study

Background Developing a cure for HIV remains a global scientific priority. In 2022, the Females Rising through Education, Support and Health (FRESH) cohort launched an HIV cure-related trial involving an analytical treatment interruption (ATI) in Durban, South Africa. Objectives To explore community perspectives about HIV cure-related research. Methods Between July–August 2022, we conducted three focus groups with community members. We transcribed audio recordings verbatim and used content analysis to analyze the data. Results Twenty community members (13 women and 7 men) participated in three focus groups (HIV status not included). Participants viewed HIV cure-related research as a way to address the issue of defaulting on (not taking) HIV treatment. Participants expressed hesitancy around ATIs, since these contradict longstanding treatment adherence messages. Participants shared concerns around the risk of side effects from experimental interventions balanced against potential efficacy. They advocated for trial participants to have the right to decide whether to inform their sex partners about their HIV status and ATI participation, rather than research teams making disclosure mandatory. Focus group participants also emphasized the importance of using simple language to explain HIV cure-related research. Conclusions With HIV cure trials set to launch across Africa in the future, there is a critical need to better understand and respond to local community needs and preferences and to adopt this as standard practice prior to regional trial implementation.

Pendampingan pembuatan bahan bakar gas dari Biomassa menggunakan Teknologi Gasifikasi

The utilization of new and renewable energy is of paramount importance considering the limited reserves of fossil fuels and the negative impacts resulting from their usage. Biomass presents an intriguing option as it can be renewed and is abundantly available in Indonesia. Gasification technology stands as one of the thermochemical methods to convert biomass into gas fuel. This process demonstrates high efficiency and generates low pollution. However, the knowledge of this technology remains confined to certain scientists and practitioners, necessitating the need for socialization and information dissemination, particularly in rural areas. Consequently, demonstrations and training sessions were conducted for the community in Kerinjing Village, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra. The demonstrations involved students who were trained to operate gasification equipment, with approximately 30 participants attending the training sessions. Additionally, presentations and discussions were held to elucidate the potential of biomass as gas fuel, the main components of gasification apparatus, and the process of converting biomass into gas fuel. The results of the demonstrations revealed a high level of enthusiasm among the residents of Kerinjing Village toward gasification technology. The residents displayed an easy grasp of the straightforward equipment operation and their ability to produce such equipment themselves due to its accessibility and ease of fabrication. The use of simple language in delivering information facilitated the comprehension of gasification technology among the community. In conclusion, gasification technology offers a simple yet promising approach to serve as an alternative energy solution in rural areas. Continuous demonstrations and socialization efforts are imperative to promote wider implementation of this technology, thereby advancing the adoption of new and renewable energy sources. Consequently, it is hoped that this initiative will address the constraints posed by limited fossil fuel reserves and contribute to sustainable development

Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with vaccine hesitancy – results from a longitudinal study in Singapore

ABSTRACT Singapore has one of the highest COVID-19 vaccination rates, however identifying vaccine-hesitant sub-groups and their concerns is vital given the need for future boosters in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, vaccine hesitancy remains a concern in the event of an emergence of a newer strain that necessitates the rolling out of a new vaccination programme. The aims of this study were to establish the extent of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the factors influencing it among adults in Singapore using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS). The study used a longitudinal methodology and participants were recruited in two waves from May 2020 to Sep 2022. In all 858 participants agreed to participate in both waves of the study. The two-factor structure of the VHS scale as established in earlier studies was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed a two-factor structure of VHS comprising “lack of confidence” and “risks”. Those who had higher stress, resilience, and concerns that they might be infected with COVID-19 at wave 1 were significantly associated with lower ‘lack of confidence’ scores i.e. lower vaccine hesitancy. In comparison, those with higher concerns about inadequate government preventive measures and unemployment at wave 1 were significantly associated with higher ‘lack of confidence’ scores. Those with higher concerns about inadequate government preventive measures in wave 1 were significantly associated with higher ‘risks’ scores i.e. higher vaccine hesitancy. The findings point toward the need for a nuanced messaging that considers the fears expressed by the populace and addresses them directly using clear simple language.

Populist Discourses in Taiwan and the Case of Han Kuo-yu

Abstract The article analyses the rise and fall of the Kuomintang candidate in the 2020 Taiwanese presidential election, Han Kuo-yu. It examines how three leading Taiwanese newspapers, the China Times, the Liberty Times, and the United Daily News, have reported about him and his populist strategy and style. Han Kuo-yu is almost uniformly viewed as a populist due to his anti-elite discourse, self-styling as a common man, and use of simple and direct language. The analysis of Han Kuo-yu and the media coverage about him is based on three leading approaches to defining and understanding populism—the ‘ideational’, ‘political-strategic’, and ‘socio-cultural’ approaches—and academic definitions of populism that have been used and invented by scholars in Taiwan since the island’s democratisation in the 1990s.

HOW TO TEACHING THE EARLY READING TO MENTALLY DISABLE STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL?

Children with mentally disable is a children who has cognitive barriers experience, in early reading it is often disturbed by the difficulty of remembering the letters, and also connecting phonemes with the objects. This article presents innovations on how to teach early reading to mentally disable students in elementary schools. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of how teachers teach early reading to mentally retarded students in elementary schools. This study uses qualitative methods that describe how teachers teach early reading, with the subject of mentally disable classroom teachers at SDLB Kasih Ibu Pekanbaru. Data collection techniques are through observation and interviews. The results of research observation planning data, the teacher gives emphasis to the letters and shows the image in accordance with the initial letter given emphasis, and linking the material with everyday life that can be found by students using an easy to understand reading method. Observation data of the presentation component, the teacher in explaining the material using simple language, by verbal media and giving emphasis to the letters that students’ will be read. The conclusion of this study is the application of one component of the skills explains in teaching initial reading, the component of material presentation in the first day's observations has been going well.

Information influenced consumers' attitudes toward A2 milk: An approach using text highlighting technique

AbstractDairy products are constantly launched, mainly focusing on healthiness, especially for the public, like people with food allergies. However, raising consumer awareness is a great challenge, especially about new products with health claims. This study used the text‐highlighting (TH) methodology associated with acceptance tests to assess Brazilian consumers' explicit attitudes toward A2 milk. In the task, consumers were asked to highlight in a text the terms they “liked” or “disliked” about the milk's nutritional importance, the difference between A1 and A2 milk, health benefits and harmful effects, and the necessity for more studies and awareness about the A2 milk. Sensory acceptance pre and post‐text were also measured. A high engagement of consumers with the TH could be observed, which suggests good intuitiveness of the technique. Including information about the nutritional value of milk and the difference between both kinds of milk may increase positive consumer perception, as it encourages consumers to express their value judgment in the form of “liked”. On the other hand, information simultaneously, the harms of the formation of BCM‐7 (in A1 milk) prompted consumers to express their value judgment in the “disliked” highlights. This underscores the importance of raising consumer awareness about the product and the need for more studies on the real effects of A2 milk on the body and the implementation of specific legislation. Moreover, it was observed that information should be in a simple and direct language, as technical terminology in the text did not have a positive effect, such as the information about the genetic mutation. TH produced valuable insights that can be used in communication strategies with A2 milk.Practical applicationThe findings of this study show practical utility for consumer‐based methodologies, focusing on the text‐highlighting method approach and its influence on consumer perceptions. Moreover, the results show practical utility to direct regulation, consumer awareness, and product commercialization of A2 milk.

Experiences of Using Patient Decision Aids for Decisions About Cancer Treatment: A Meta-Aggregation of Qualitative Studies.

Inconsistent results have been found regarding the effects of patient decision aids (PtDAs) in supporting patients' decision-making for cancer treatment. This qualitative meta-aggregation presents the experiences of using PtDAs, as perceived by adult patients with cancer, and highlights the components they perceived as important. We used the 3-phase process for meta-aggregation suggested by Joanna Briggs Institute to identify published studies with qualitative evidence from CINAHL, Ovid-MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases. The selected studies involved adults with various cancer diagnoses. The phenomenon of interest and the context for this review were people's experiences of using PtDAs for decisions about first-line cancer treatment. A total of 16 studies were included. The authors achieved consensus on 5 synthesized findings about PtDAs: (1) improved understanding of treatment options and patient values and preferences; (2) served as platforms for expressing concerns, obtaining support, and having meaningful conversations with healthcare providers; (3) facilitated active personal and family engagement in decision-making; (4) enabled recall of information and evaluation of satisfaction with decisions; and (5) presented potential structural barriers. This study used qualitative evidence to demonstrate the usefulness of PtDAs and identify aspects patients with cancer find particularly beneficial. Nurses play a crucial role in supporting patients and family caregivers throughout the decision-making process for cancer treatment. Patient decision aids that balance complex treatment information with simple language and illustrations or graphs can enhance patients' comprehension. The integration of values clarification exercises into care can further improve patients' decisional outcomes.

How Stephen King writes and why: Language, immersion, emotion

AbstractMany successful novelists offer writing advice, but do they actually follow it themselves? And if so, can it truly account for the success of their novels? We dissect and examine three pieces of writing advice from Stephen King's book On Writing (2000). King counsels writers to (1) write in a simple language to aid readers' narrative immersion; (2) avoid ‐ly adverbs, especially in dialogue attribution; and (3) avoid the passive voice. We examine these three pieces of advice both theoretically, reviewing them in light of what we know about how literature affects readers from such fields as literary linguistics and evolutionary literary studies, and empirically, using a computational linguistics approach to test whether King follows his own advice and whether it can explain his success as a novelist. We find that King's advice about simple language makes sense if an author's goal is to sell books while his advice against ‐ly adverbs makes sense if the goal is instead literary recognition. For his advice against using the passive voice, we find no substantial theoretical or empirical basis.

Media views in Indonesia on the belt and road initiative policy : a study of Indonesian new media reports to the BRI project of China in Indonesia

The pros and cons of the project of BRI in Indonesia cannot be separated from mainstream and online mass media coverage in Indonesia. In the coverage, there is a framing to build a story so that the influence of journalists is so great that the news is read by the public. In addition, the informant factor as well as ideology influence the news statements that appeared in the media. This research focuses on how the construction of the mass media coverage in Indonesia, especially the new media (online news) related to the cooperation between Indonesian and Chinese government in the BRI project. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach and framing analysis. The research object is the official portal of online news such as Media Indonesia.com. Republika.com Kompas.com, and Jawapos.com. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the framing of online media coverage Kompas.com, mediaindonesia.com, jawapos.com and Republika.com have differences. Kompas.com and jawapos.com put more emphasis on scientific and intellectual language because both of their readers have a better level of education and economics. Whereas republika.com and mediaindonesia.com tend to use straightforward and simple language. Kompas.com and jawapos.com lead opinions to think critically with data while republika.com and mediaindonesia.com leads the public to see the implementation of Indonesia's and China economic cooperation programs in the BRI project.