Simple Cough Research Articles

Asthma and allergic rhinitis connections with psychotherapy

There is a close relationship between emotional tensions and respiratory function, which makes it likely that many diseases of this apparatus have aetiology or are compromised by psychogenic factors, which occurs, for example, in allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma, as well as in certain inflammatory diseases. Asthma is diagnosed by the sensation of oppression in the chest, dyspnea that can evolve to cyanosis, discrepancy between the combined action of the diaphragm and the levator muscles of the ribs, which remove air through the narrowed bronchioles, and the weak exhalation force, which depends on the elasticity of the lungs, making breathing difficult and leading to emphysema during paroxysm. In the initial stages there may be simple cough; later, the expectoration of a thick, foamy phlegm begins. The temperature is normal and the pulse is tachycardic. Auscultation reveals crackling rales and wheezing. Asthmatics can improve with the various types of psychotherapy: supportive, cognitive behavioral techniques, counseling, relaxation techniques and mainly psychoanalytic therapy, either individual or in group. In conclusion, the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis, should be done by two specialists, the allergist and the psychotherapist.

Neural substrates of cough control during coughing

Cough is known as a protective reflex to keep the airway free from harmful substances. Although brain activity during cough was previously examined mainly by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with model analysis, this method does not capture real brain activity during cough. To obtain accurate measurements of brain activity during cough, we conducted whole-brain scans during different coughing tasks while correcting for head motion using a restraint-free positron emission tomography (PET) system. Twenty-four healthy right-handed males underwent multiple PET scans with [15O]H2O. Four tasks were performed during scans: “resting”; “voluntary cough (VC)”, which simply repeated spontaneous coughing; “induced cough (IC)”, where participants coughed in response to an acid stimulus in the cough‐inducing method with tartaric acid (CiTA); and “suppressed cough (SC)”, where coughing was suppressed against CiTA. The whole brain analyses of motion-corrected data revealed that VC chiefly activated the cerebellum extending to pons. In contrast, CiTA-related tasks (IC and SC) activated the higher sensory regions of the cerebral cortex and associated brain regions. The present results suggest that brain activity during simple cough is controlled chiefly by infratentorial areas, whereas manipulating cough predominantly requires the higher sensory brain regions to allow top-down control of information from the periphery.

Use of antibiotics and other treatments in Chinese adults with acute cough: An online survey

BackgroundAcute respiratory tract infections are common worldwide and there has been a rapid increase in antibiotic consumption. This study aimed to identify use of various treatments and their association with the use of antibiotics and patient reported clinical recovery in Chinese adults with acute cough. MethodsAn online survey recruiting people who had recently experienced cough was conducted. Their sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, treatments received and their perceived changes in symptoms were collected. Factors influencing avoidance of antibiotics and improvement in symptoms were explored. ResultsA total of 22,787 adults with recent acute cough completed the questionnaire, covering all 34 province-level administrative units in China. Most respondents were male (68.0%), young (89.4%, aged 18–45), educated to university/degree or postgraduate level (44.6%), with a median cough severity of 6/10 on a numerical rating scale. Nearly half of the participants (46.4%) reported using antibiotics, among which 93.1% were for presumed upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Pharmacies (48.8%) were the most common source of antibiotics. Fewer patients took antibiotics after taking CHM (14.9%), compared to those who started with home remedies (18.0%), or allopathic non-antibiotic medication (25.0%). Antibiotics, allopathic non-antibiotic medications, CHM and home remedies were all perceived beneficial in relieving cough. ConclusionsChinese adult responders report use of a considerable variety of treatments alone or in combination for acute cough. Patient-reported clinical recovery was similar regardless of treatment. There is likely a high proportion of inappropriate use of antibiotics for treatment of simple acute cough. As the majority of respondents did not use antibiotics as a first-line, and use of CHM was associated with relief of cough symptoms and reduction in the use of antibiotics, this presents an important opportunity for prudent antibiotic stewardship in China.

Ethno- Medicinal Properties of Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. (Licorice): A Mini Review

Plants have long been valued for their medicinal properties. The secret to efficient treatment is finding the right herb. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., “the guardian of herbs” regarding its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and emphasizing the relevance of a few key characteristics of this plant. This review covers a combination of all aspects from an aphrodisiac point of view that were missed by previous articles. This article is presented to include all of the most recent information on its phytochemical and pharmacological effects, which were investigated using a variety of approaches. The plant can be a suitable candidate to manage the long fought erectile dysfunction in men. The extract and the constituents have been found effective in inducing NO signaling pathway that has beneficial effects in initiation and maintenance of erection. It is an age-old plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae. G. glabra (Licorice) has been used in folk medicine all over the world for its ethnomedicinal characteristics, and has historically been recognized as a preventative treatment for stomach ulcers, according to pharmacological research. It comprises a wide range of biological actions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, as well as others, for which it has been used to treat a variety of disorders ranging from simple cough to hepatitis, as well as more serious conditions like SARS and cancers. This study presents a critical, and thorough assessment of the current understanding of G. glabra composition and therapeutic potential. This article concludes that G. glabra is actually a potent herb that can cure almost all illnesses. ., , ,

Identifying patients who suffered from post-discharge cough after lung cancer surgery.

To establish a discharge cutoff point (CP) on a simple patient-reported cough score to identify patients requiring post-discharge cough intervention. Data were extracted from a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Symptoms were assessed using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer Module. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify patient subgroups defined by post-discharge cough trajectories. Generalized linear model and bootstrap resampling with 2000 samples were used to determine the optimal cutoff points of discharge cough scores and their robustness. Analysis of variance, chi-square test, and mixed-effects model were used to validate the optimal cutoff points. The cough trajectories of post-discharge followed three patterns (high, middle, low); higher cough was associated with poor recovery of the enjoyment of life within 4weeks after discharge (P < 0.001). The CP (3, 6) of discharge cough demonstrated as the optimal CP (F = 21.72). When discharged, 45.66% (179/392) of patients suffered a none/mild cough (0-2 points), 41.82% (164/392) suffered a moderate cough (3-5 points), and 12.5% (49/392) suffered a severe cough (6-10 points). Among these patients, there was a significant difference in the proportion of returning to work at 1month after discharge (non-mild: 77.70%; moderate: 60.74%; severe: 48.57%; p < 0.001). Moderate-to-severe cough is relatively common in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery, and the higher the cough trajectory, the worse the recovery to normal life. Therefore, these patients with a cough score ≥ 3 or ≥ 6 at discharge may require additional medical intervention and extensive care.

A Study Of Imaging Findings On Hrct Thorax In Corona Virus Disease 2019 (covid-19)

INTRODUCTION : In December 2019, a large outbreak of a novel coronavirus infection occurred in wuhan hubei province, china. The disease caused by the virus, named novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the world health organization (WHO) can be spread through human to human contact. In human coronavirus can cause spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic patient, simple cold cough to severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS). HRCT is very useful to see the extent of disease spread in lungs and to assess the severity of infection. It also helps in monitoring the response and therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1]To evaluate the various HRCT thorax Findings in RT PCR confirmed patients of covid-19 infection. 2] To correlate the findings of HRCT of thorax with patient’s clinical symptoms. METHODOLOGY: A retro- prospective clinical study was carried out on patients who were referred for HRCT thorax to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sheth L.G. general hospital having signs and symptoms of covid-19 and whose RT PCR report was awaited and who had undergone HRCT thorax and only patients who were RT PCR test positive within 72 hours were taken in the study. Total of 250 patients from May 2020 to January 2021, who confirmed covid-19 diagnosis with RT-PCR were taken.RESULTS In our study we found, the most common initial CT findings in COVID-19 pneumonia are bilateral, patchy or rounded ground-glass opacities that most frequently occur bilaterally and in the lung periphery with a subpleural basal predominance in left lower lobe. Most common finding were patchy bilateral ground glass opacity most commonly associated with inter and intralobular septal thickening giving crazy paving pattern. Consolidation was also seen with or without GGO suggesting infective etiology. CONCLUSION:HRCT Thorax may be useful as a standard method for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 to optimize the management of severely ill PATIENTS.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of correlation between cough variant asthma and mycoplasma pneumonia in children

IntroductionThe present study was to explore the correlation between cough variant asthma (CVA) and repeated episodes of mycoplasma pneumonia in children.Material and methodsMultiple databases were searched for relevant studies, and the articles that eventually satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. All the meta-analyses were conducted with the Review Manager 5.2. To estimate the quality of each article, the risk of bias table was performed. Totally 1223 patients with CVA and 1437 patients with simple cough (SC) were included.ResultsFinally, 9 studies including 2660 patients were included, who eventually satisfied the eligibility criteria. The results of heterogeneity test suggested that the serum level of IgE (MD = 80.69, 95%CI [77.75, 83.62], P &lt; 0.001; P for heterogeneity &lt;0.001, I2 = 95%), eosinophil count (MD= 2.93, 95%CI [2.72, 3.13], P &lt; 0.001; P for heterogeneity &lt; 0.001, I2 = 71%) and the number of children with positive IgM (OR = 4.44, 95%CI [3.73, 5.29], P &lt; 0.001; P for heterogeneity = 0.63, I2 = 0%) were significantly different. The value of IgE in CVA was higher than that in SC, eosinophil count in CVA was higher than that in SC and the number of IgM positive children in the CVA group was higher than that in the SC group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a correlation between cough variant asthma and mycoplasma pneumonia.

COVID-19 IMPLICATION AS RISK FACTOR FOR STROKE

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, affecting millions of people. This aerosol infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 possess a wide &nbsp;range of symptoms, varying from being asymptomatic to fatal, from simple (cold, cough and flu) to severe pneumonia and respiratory distress.&nbsp; But COVID-19 can affect other organs, including the brain (central and peripheral nervous system). COVID-19 patients presented a wide range of&nbsp; neurological symptoms (headache, dizziness, anosmia, ageusia, confusion) and neurological disorders (encephalitis, encephalopathies,&nbsp; myelitis, cranial nerves damage, Gullian-Barre polyradiculoneuritis and its variants, neuropathies, myopathy, seizures, neurodegenerative diseases), among&nbsp; which stroke is the most prevalent and devastating, presented as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Several studies of acute stroke in COVID-19 patients, reported&nbsp; both acute ischemic stroke and acute cerebral hemorrhage (up 6% of &nbsp;individuals with COVID-19 suffered acute stroke). The stroke risk was highest in those most severely infected and those with pre-existing vascular risk factors. Most strokes were ischemic and there was an increase in large vessel occlusion, suggesting that cerebral thrombosis and/or thromboembolism could be possible causative pathways for the disease. The relationship between COVID-19 and acute stroke is unclear. The pattern of stroke differs from that in a non-COVID-19 stroke population. The understanding of the underlying mechanism between COVID-19 and stroke warrants further study, so does the development of an effective therapeutic or preventive intervention. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke. https://doi.org/10.55302/JMS2143176db

Generic information on fennel to combat cough and cold in COVID19 era

Today there are a plenty of reasons why we kind of dread the nip in the air and the most important is COVID19 fear. Virus is playing havoc to the extent that almost all the activities are put to halt. The fear is to this extent that even simple cold and cough threatened us to be victim of COVID19. Symptoms are confusing and needs to be differentiated. In want of knowledge of differential diagnosis accurately pin pointing of disease is difficult without undergoing technology based tests. There are a lot of herbs and spices that you can use to boost your immunities. Fennel is renowned to soothe cold and cough. Fennel seeds, or saunf, are often found in mouth fresheners, beverages like fennel water (an excellent detox beverage), ladoos and even gravies. But the herb and its medicinal properties have been part of Ayurvedic treatment since time immemorial. The aromatic herb is used to soothe digestion, bloating, cramps and flatulence. They are also helpful in maintaining hormonal balance ie interior milieu. Fennel seeds are also packed with a range of anti-inflammatory volatile oils and antioxidants that can help keep risk of cold, cough and flu at bay. According to the book 'Healing Foods' by DK Publishing House, syrup made from the juice of fennel seeds are traditionally used to thin mucus. The seeds are also a good source of vitamin C, which fights free radical activity and keep one’s immune system strong against seasonal infections. Fennel seeds and their phytonutrients are also effective in clearing sinus and chest congestion. Here we will discuss this traditional knowledge for the benefit of community.

The Echo of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Mechanisms of Clinical Symptoms and Other Disease-Induced Systemic Complications.

Clinical symptoms of active tuberculosis (TB) can range from a simple cough to more severe reactions, such as irreversible lung damage and, eventually, death, depending on disease progression. In addition to its clinical presentation, TB has been associated with several other disease-induced systemic complications, such as hyponatremia and glucose intolerance. Here, we provide an overview of the known, although ill-described, underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for the clinical and systemic presentations associated with this disease and discuss novel hypotheses recently generated by various omics technologies. This summative update can assist clinicians to improve the tentative diagnosis of TB based on a patient's clinical presentation and aid in the development of improved treatment protocols specifically aimed at restoring the disease-induced imbalance for overall homeostasis while simultaneously eradicating the pathogen. Furthermore, future applications of this knowledge could be applied to personalized diagnostic and therapeutic options, bettering the treatment outcome and quality of life of TB patients.

Respiratory Morbidities among Children in a Grass Root Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Children mostly suffer from respiratory illnesses around the world. Situation is not different in Bangladesh as suggested by many studies on childhood illness. But most of these studies have been done in tertiary level hospitals located in urban areas and very few were done in rural setting. This study was conducted to estimate the frequency and to determine the pattern of respiratory morbidity among children and also to assess the impact of passive smoking on the magnitude of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) among children. This was an observational study. It was carried out on 1002 children over a period of about 180 days, who attended the Tungipara Upazila Health Complex (UHC), Gopalganj, Bangladesh between January 2018 and June 2018. Data were collected through face to face interview, physical examination, relevant investigations and collected data in the questionnaire for respiratory illness and others then respiratory data were not collected. Out of 1002 children, more then half (54%) were male and the age range was new born to 168 months. Among them upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) were 98.5% as against only 1.5% of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). In this study, 38% fathers were smoker and no mother found as smoker. Families of 63% patients used smoke producing substances for cooking. Respiratory illness was more prevalent among the children whose fathers used to smoke tobacco χ2 (1) 380 P 0.01. As well as babies more vulnerable for respiratory morbidity where smoke producing fuel used for cooking χ2 (1) 170 P 0.01. Children suffered more from diseases affecting the respiratory system than diseases of other systems. Simple cough related illness was the most common URTI. Under 05 children suffered most. Respiratory illness was more common among those whose fathers smoked tobacco. Children were more vulnerable to respiratory morbidity, where smoke producing fuel used for cooking. There need multicentric study to observe the real picture of respiratory morbidity.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Jan; 48 (1): 1-4

Isolated Unilateral Absence of Pulmonary Artery (UAPA) in the Adult: Between Simple Cough and Intensive Care

Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital condition occurring isolated or in conjunction with other congenital heart defects (CHD). While none-isolated UAPA is mostly detected early in life, detection of isolated UAPA is often delayed due to diverse and unspecific symptoms. While there is consensus on the therapeutic strategy in young symptomatic patients, the incidental finding of UAPA in young or adult asymptomatic patients is a matter of on-going debate and limited evidence. Here, we will present two previously unpublished, illustrative cases with different extent of symptom severity and discuss the difficulties in determining an appropriate therapeutic strategy. Along with the cases, we will review the literature, present typical symptoms and possible pitfalls, and provide an overview of therapeutic options with a focus on the adult patient.

Tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies: our experience at a tertiary care hospital

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Background:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies have always posed a challenge to the ENT surgeon as they present with varied symptomatology ranging from a simple cough and fever to more grave respiratory distress. It requires a strong suspicion, early diagnosis and timely intervention to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality .This study was undertaken to highlight our experiences in handling cases of tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies (FB) at our setup.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It is a retrospective case series study conducted in S. Nijalingappa Medical College between January 2011 and January 2015. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Most commonly affected were children between 1year to 3years of age. Chronic cough and wheeze were the commonest presenting symptoms. Vegetative foreign body was found to be the commonest variety of foreign body. The mortality rate in our study was 4.7% (n=3).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;A good clinical acumen, team work, early diagnosis and timely intervention are all needed to reduce the overall mortality and morbidity associated with tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Complicated by Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor: An Ominous Coincident

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare progressive cystic lung disease affecting young women in childbearing ages. It generally presents with respiratory manifestations varying from simple cough to recurrent pneumothorax and chylothorax. There is known female gender predominance, highlighting the important roles for sex hormones in the pathophysiology and progression of this disease. In this case report we describe a 26 year old woman with history of dyspnea and pneumothorax during her molar pregnancy.

Aspiration Pneumonitis Due to Povidone-Iodine Aspiration During a Facial Bone Fracture Reduction Operation

Aspiration pneumonitis caused by aspiration of an oral disinfectant such as povidone-iodine during general anesthesia is rare and presents from a simple cough to a potentially fatal reaction. We present the case of a 15-year-old woman who developed aspiration pneumonitis as a complication due to aspiration of povidone-iodine during reduction with a fracture in her left anterior maxillary wall and orbital floor while under general anesthesia. Operators should consider the risks of aspiration pneumonitis during oral cleansing while patients are under general anesthesia.

Phytochemical and Biological Potential of Cassia tora Linn.

Cassia tora Linn. (Caesalpinaceae) is a semi-wild annual herb grown widely in different places of south-east Asia including India, Northern Australia and Americas. This plant species is well known for having potential in traditional medicine practices for the treatment of a variety of disorders and ailments ranging from simple cough, hypertension to diabetes. Recent scientific investigation reveals its phytochemical as well as biological potential. C. tora has been proven to be medicinally effective for having antimicrobial, antiantioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antimutagenic activities, just to name a few. This paper encompasses a comprehensive review on phytochemical and biological aspects of Cassia tora L.

Palliative Management of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive systemic disease of unknown etiology, insidious onset, often fatal, and underdiagnosed. It is exclusively found among women. LAM mainly involves the lungs where, as its name suggests, lymphatic (lymph), blood vessel (angio), and airways are surrounded by smooth muscle (leiomyoma) proliferation. It may be associated with tuberous sclerosis with clinical manifestations varying from simple cough to the development of recurrent pneumothoraces, haemoptysis, and pleural effusions. There is currently no treatment or cure. We present a rare case of a 41-year-old female, who presented with recurrent pneumothoraces, whose high-resolution computed tomography findings that were suggestive of multiple bullous lung disease, and the thoracoscopic biopsy revealed features of LAM. She was offered video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in form of bullectomy and pleurodesis to reduce the volume of abnormal tissue and treated with progesterone hormonal therapy. The present case aims to focus on clinical-radiologic and pathologic findings and the treatment modalities available in developing countries like India where lung transplantation is seldom performed.

P59 The Characterisation of Cough in Lung Cancer

IntroductionCough in lung cancer (LC) is a distressing symptom with a significant impact on quality of life (QoL), and no effective therapies. Little data is available defining the proportion of...

Medikamentös induzierte Lungenerkrankungen

Adverse effects of drug therapy may induce a wide variety of bronchopulmonary disorders. The spectrum of drug induced lung and bronchial diseases include simple cough, bronchial obstruction, and obstructive bronchiolitis. Lung parenchyma may be affected by alveolitis/pneumonitis or lung fibrosis. Further damage patterns are noncardiac pulmonary oedema, diffuse alveolar damage, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, eosinophilic lung diseases, pulmonary vascular disorders as well as pleural affections. These side effects rarely have pathognomonic features. Therefore they are relevant differential diagnoses of genuine pulmonary diseases. Diagnostics is based mainly on the verification of a compatible disease pattern, exclusion of differential diagnoses, and assessment of the temporal relationship and the consequences of drug abstention. Reexposure is rarely indicated. Strict elimination of the responsible drugs is the most important therapeutic measure. Additional drug therapy, mostly with glucocorticosteroids, may be indicated.

Is honey a well-evidenced alternative to over-the-counter cough medicines?

Is honey a well-evidenced alternative to over-the-counter cough medicines?