Simple Arrangements Research Articles

An analysis of the interaction between surface and basal crevasses in ice shelves

Abstract. The prescription of a simple and robust parameterization for calving is one of the most significant open problems in ice sheet modelling. One common approach to the modelling of crevasse propagation in calving in ice shelves is to view crevasse growth as an example of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Prior work has, however, focused on highly idealized crack geometries, with a single fracture incised into a parallel-sided slab of ice. In this paper, we study how fractures growing from opposite sides of such an ice slab interact with each other, focusing on different simple crack arrangements: we consider either perfectly aligned cracks or periodic arrays of laterally offset cracks. We visualize the dynamics of crack growth using simple tools from dynamical systems theory and find that aligned cracks tend to impede each other's growth due to the torques generated by normal stresses on the crack faces, while periodically offset cracks facilitate simultaneous growth of bottom and top cracks. For periodic cracks, the presence of multiple cracks on one side of the ice slab, however, also generates torques that slow crack growth, with widely spaced cracks favouring calving at lower extensional stresses than closely spaced cracks.

Simple Arrangement of Children’s Song with Trilingual Characters As Learning Media For PGSD and PGMI Students

The existing quality of learning media, particularly in teaching multilingual characters of Early Childhood Education, poses a challenge in education. Teachers should possess the skills to continuously innovate in creating instructional materials, including prospective teachers, namely PGSD and PGMI students. This program aims to enhance the skills of PGSD and PGMI students in developing multilingual character education media for children. The primary focus is on using children's songs as an engaging and effective educational tool. Another issue is the need for more skills among students in creating multilingual and character-based instructional media that can captivate children's interest. The ultimate goal is to improve students' skills in creating engaging and effective instructional media, providing benefits to children, and contributing positive knowledge to the general public. As a solution, this program creates a simple arrangement of children's songs with characters in three languages as instructional media for PGSD and PGMI students. In its implementation, students are equipped with the skills to create simple arrangements of children's songs with the hope that this will serve as valuable preparation for creating engaging instructional materials.

Modulation of carrier conduction in CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots with band-aligned electron and hole acceptors.

The lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials with intriguing photo-physical properties and have immense potential for photovoltaic applications. A comprehensive study on the kinetics of charge carrier (electron/hole) generation and transfer across the interface is key to realizing their future scope for efficient device engineering. Herein, we investigate the interfacial charge transfer (CT) dynamics in cesium lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with energetically favorable electron acceptors, anthraquinone (AQ) and p-benzoquinone (BQ), and hole acceptors such as pyrene and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). With various steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic and microscopic measurements, a faster electron transfer rate is estimated for CsPbBr3 PQDs with BQ compared to that of AQ, while a superior hole transfer for DMAP is divulged compared to pyrene. In concurrence with the spectroscopic measurements, conducting atomic force microscopic studies across the electrode-PQD-electrode junction reveals an increment in the conductance of the PQD in the presence of both the electron and hole acceptors. The variation of the density of states calculation in the presence of the hole acceptors offers strong support and validation for faster CT efficiency. The above findings suggest that a careful selection of simple yet efficient molecular arrangements can facilitate rapid carrier transfer, which can be designed as auxiliary layers for smooth CT and help in the engineering of cost-effective photovoltaic devices.

Coloring circle arrangements: New 4-chromatic planar graphs

Felsner, Hurtado, Noy and Streinu (2000) conjectured that arrangement graphs of simple great-circle arrangements have chromatic number at most 3. Motivated by this conjecture, we study the colorability of arrangement graphs for different classes of (pseudo-)circle arrangements.In this paper the conjecture is verified for △-saturated pseudocircle arrangements, i.e., for arrangements where one color class of the 2-coloring of faces consists of triangles only, as well as for further classes of (pseudo-)circle arrangements. These results are complemented by a construction which maps △-saturated arrangements with a pentagonal face to arrangements with 4-chromatic 4-regular arrangement graphs. This corona construction has similarities with the crowning construction introduced by Koester (1985). Based on exhaustive experiments with small arrangements we propose three strengthenings of the original conjecture.We further investigate fractional colorings. It is shown that the arrangement graph of every arrangement A of pairwise intersecting pseudocircles is “close” to being 3-colorable. More precisely, the fractional chromatic number χf(A) of the arrangement graph is bounded from above by χf(A)≤3+O(1n), where n is the number of pseudocircles of A. Furthermore, we construct an infinite family of 4-edge-critical 4-regular planar graphs which are fractionally 3-colorable. This disproves a conjecture of Gimbel, Kündgen, Li, and Thomassen (2019).

Understanding double perovskite oxides capabilities to improve photocatalytic contaminants degradation performances in water treatment processes: A review

Clean energy and environmental technologies are essential for a sustainable future. Photocatalysts are at the core of these technologies, increasing the efficiency of key chemical reactions and improving their selectivity. Metal oxides like perovskite oxides are long recognized as active photocatalysts of rather simple ionic arrangements. Double perovskites are alternatives to single perovskites, which are known as cation ordered perovskites. Double perovskite oxides such as A2B'B“O6 are emerging compounds with various optoelectronic properties that are suitable for optics, photonics, electronics, and catalysis applications. A, B', and B” are cations with varying degrees of chemical flexibility, leading to multiple combinations, which make them excellent candidates as advanced materials. Herein, we comprehensively screened stable A2B'B“O6 double perovskite metal oxides arranged based on Sr, La, K, Gd, Ba, Na, Ca, Dy, Tb, Sm, Eu, and Bi cations ordered at A sites that have been used in photocatalytic pollutant degradation and water treatment processes. Also, we examined recent developments of double perovskites oxides as photocatalysts through discussion on how their chemistries could be tailored to improve their performances. Also, photocatalytic process was explained along with its characteristics, milestones, mechanisms, modes of operation, and double perovskites materials used in this field indicating unique photocatalytic properties.

Middle Ear Implant Usage Restores Subjective Listening Effort toward Normal in Complex Acoustic Scenes

Introduction: The amount of listening effort needed to understand speech in every-day life is an important outcome measure of the effectiveness of a hearing device. The main goal of this study was to assess subjective listening effort in patients implanted with an active middle ear implant Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) with and without using their speech processor in complex acoustic scenarios. Methods: Ten VSB users were measured using the adaptive categorical listening effort scaling (ACALES) method in four different acoustic scenarios, realized using a multichannel loudspeaker array. The four acoustic scenarios included both spatially simple and complex speech and noise arrangements that realistically simulated challenging every-day listening situations. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were adaptively varied during the measurement. Twelve normal-hearing (NH) listeners performed the same experiment as a control group. Results: Listening effort was significantly reduced in all tested acoustic scenarios when participants used their VSB. When using the VSB, SNRs corresponding to mild-to-moderate listening effort were found not to be statistically different from SNRs found in the NH control group. SNRs corresponding to extreme listening effort of VSB users approached NH values, indicating partial restoration of listening effort. Discussion and Conclusions: Usage of the middle ear implant VSB was found to restore subjective listening effort to normal at high SNRs completely, and at lower SNRs partially. The remaining gap at low SNRs may be due to lower effectiveness of signal processing at high noise levels or due to the microphone location effect.

Motywy ukraińskie w polskiej muzyce gitarowej XIX wieku

The elements of Ukrainian folk music have appeared in Polish guitar music at the early 19th century, both in music The elements of Ukrainian folk music have appeared in Polish guitar music at the early 19th century, both in music for English guitar tuned in G major (sources for this instrument appeared chronologically first) and for 6-string Spanish guitar. Composers have used stylized dances, mainly kozachok, for composing simple technical arrangements intended for domestic parlour music. Apart from four anonymous manuscripts for English guitar there are two anonymous kozachoks in manuscripts from the National Library of Poland in Warsaw and the Princes Czartoryski Library in Krakow and one kozachok in manuscripts from the National Library of Poland in Warsaw and the Princes Czartoryski Library in Krakow and one kozachok by Eduard Salle neuve. Also another form – duma / dumka – is popular among the19th century Polish guitarists; it has appeared both in the solo and in the original version, intended for vocal with accompaniment. The authors of dumki are, among others Jan Rywacki, and anonymous dumas are preserved in the Jasna Góra Monastery (Library of the Pauline Fathers in Częstochowa), the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow and in mentioned Princes Czartoryski Library. Solo improvised dumkas have been performed by the greatest Polish 19th century virtuosos – Stanisław Szczepanowski and Marek Konrad Sokołowski, as evidenced by extensive press coverage. Three composers – Jan Nepomucen Bobrowicz, Felix Horetzky and the less known Cyprian Leonowicz – also used the Ukrainian folk melodies, mainly as a basis for virtuoso sets of variations. Leonowicz’s piece, which is a kind of written improvisation, is based on the famous song Ikhav Kozak za Dunaj. The melody used by Bobrowicz is more difficult to identify, although the title of the piece indicates the Ukrainian element – Air d’Ukraine varié. Horecki arranged two melodies, including the song Ikhav Kozak za Dunaj, in technically simple arrangements. The Ukrainian thread also appears in the biographies of some 19th century Polish guitarists, including Sokołowski,Numa Łepkowski and Karol de Wyhowski. This article shows that Ukrainian folklore was the strongest foreign element in Polish guitar music of the 19th century. Areas requiring further research are also indicated – related to little-known sources(such as guitar manuscripts from Jasna Góra, the Jagiellonian Library or from the collection of Oskar Kolberg), as well as those concerning Ukrainian guitar music from the 19th century, practically unknown outside Ukraine.

Improved thermal energy storage with metal foam enhanced phase change materials considering various pore arrangements: A pore-scale parallel lattice Boltzmann solution

Low thermal conductivity of the phase change materials (PCMs) is the main impediment that causes avoiding their extensive usage for thermal energy storage. Metal foams can be used with PCMs to overcome this weakness to reach an enhanced PCM. The main challenge of using metal foam is to reach the optimal geometrical, mechanical, and physical properties to meet the desired performance. This study investigates the effect of pore arrangement in a homogenous closed-cell aluminum metal foam. Afterward, a comparison is presented between various arrangements and pore diameters to examine the effect of pore configuration and diameter on thermal energy storage performance. Three pore arrangements are considered: Simple (simple linear arrangement of pores); Staggered (straticulate/alternative arrangement of pores); and Dots (simple pores with smaller ones diagonally placed between them). To simulate the melting process coupled with conduction and natural convection, the parallel lattice Boltzmann solver (PALABOS) –an open-source library consists of various predefined functions to solve complex thermo-fluidic problems– with enthalpy-based method is developed, and the results are validated. Different numerical simulations have been done to conduct the parameter study. In general, the Dots arrangement is relatively more effective than the two other studied arrangements. For dp = 5 mm, the melting times of PCM for all cases are similar to one another. However, for dp = 10 mm, the Dots arrangement could reduce the melting time by 20% compared to Staggered and Simple arrangements.

An experimental study to validate optimum distance between metal hydride tanks with staggered arrangement for effective thermal management

Thermal control is crucial in enhancing the life cycle of metal hydride tanks, which necessitates considering several critical parameters. In addition, a suitable arrangement of a metal hydride bank plays a significant role in transferring the heat efficiently. We have already studied the existence of an optimal distance in theory and proved that the maximized heat transfer rate is a function of the geometric arrangement. In this study, which is the second step of our previous work, we aim to experimentally validate the possible ideal distance in optimized metal hydride array by taking into account the results of our previous study. The experiments are carried out at a triple metal hydride bank with a forced convection system and the effects of optimum distance on the heat transfer performance of the metal hydride bank are analyzed with the staggered arrays in order to validate the results of numerical calculations for staggered metal hydride bank with the pitch-to-diameter ratio of 0.06 and 0.07 at the Reynolds number of 6000 and 12,000, respectively. The results obtained at the end of the experiments are as follows; i) metal hydride storage tanks are strongly affected by the array geometry for maximum heat transfer, especially for small pitch arrays at high Reynolds numbers; ii) the experimental findings are compared with the theoretical models and validated; iii) the overall efficiency of fuel cell-metal hydride system could potentially be increased by simple geometrical arrangements.

Phase Diversity-Based Fourier Ptychography for Varying Aberration Correction

Fourier ptychography (FP) is geared toward high-resolution imaging with a large field of view efficiently. In the original illumination-based FP scheme, the aberrations in optical systems can be well reconstructed, which plays a prominent role in simple and compact optical arrangements. Unfortunately, the reconstruction strategy for recovering an optical system’s pupil function fails to carefully consider the nature of the field-dependent pupil function in the aperture-scanning FP scheme, which affects the quality of the reconstructed image to a certain extent. Based on this observation, we report a phase diversity-based FP (PDFP) scheme for varying aberration correction. We image USAF resolution target with the proposed PDFP scheme and demonstrate our ability to correct varying aberration and improve image quality. The reported approach allows aperture-scanning FP technology to use simpler optical systems for imaging and may facilitate the further development of FP in practical applications such as industrial inspection and long-distance imaging.

Image Spherizing-Based Three-Dimensional Displacement Measurement Technique for Microscope with Single Camera

The detection of three-dimensional displacement, caused by micro-nano scale deformation, is of great significance for the industrial production of glass or quartz optical fiber products. Considering the detection cost and practicability, an image spherizing-based three-dimensional displacement measurement method for a monocular microscopic imaging system (a microscope with a normal industrial camera) is proposed. Differential theory tells us that an arbitrary large-scale deformation can be approximatively considered as the sum of slope-shaped deformations. In this paper, an ordinary slope model is presented by the idea of image spherizing and differential theory, which reveals the mathematical relation between in-plane displacement and out-of-plane displacement in the deformed images captured by an optical microscope. After obtaining the in-plane displacement field, the out-of-plane displacement field can be extracted from the in-plane displacement field by the ordinary slope model, which indicates that the out-of-plane displacement information carried by the in-plane displacement is fully utilized. Simulation and application experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and all the absolute errors of the measurement by optical microscope with a magnification of 50× are less than 0.2 μm. Unlike conventional methods, the new method does not need a phase unwrapping process during detection and has many attractive characteristics such as low-cost, simple arrangements and good applicability. Because the measurement precision of this technique can meet the detection requirement, it has been applied to the industrial detection of glass or quartz optical fiber products.

Numerical Demonstration of an Unconventional EGS Arrangement

A new EGS arrangement, Robust EGS (REGS), is studied for its potential benefits for wide-spread applications for clean, carbon-free, electrical energy generation. Numerical simulations are carried out to prove the key benefit of REGS in a simple, but effective, geologic heat exchanger arrangement with large, stabilized fracture aperture and controlled flow zones. The numerical model results show the estimated potential energy capacity and the converted value to electrical energy generation over a 30-year operation time period for two simple REGS arrangements. The results may assist EGS investors and drilling companies in deciding whether the investment and operation can be made profitable for the wide-scale application of REGS for green energy generation.

IMPLEMENTATIONS ON IDENTIFICATION AND REPORTING OF GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT (VALUE LOWNESS) IN TURKISH ACCOUNTING STANDARTS: A RESEARCH ON THE BUSINESSES IN THE ISTANBUL STOCK EXCHANGE

According to the Turkish Accounting Standards, it has been stated that impairment test must be done to report declines in the value of goodwill. The aim of this study is to put forward the impairment (value lowness) implementations of businesses related to goodwill in Turkey. Accordingly, the content of the reports on the goodwill in the companies which were traded in BIST (Istanbul Stock Exchange) between the years 2018 – 2020 has been analyzed. At the end of the research, it has been found out that some companies corrected their goodwill values according to the impairment test results. Nevertheless, it has also been identified that many companies drew their reports by going for a reduction in goodwill value without carrying out an impairment test. Optional non-standard implementations can cause errors and wrong judgements by decision makers. In order to eliminate this negative situation, compulsory, simple, understandable, and lower cost arrangements are needed in the Accounting standards.

Target classification in the 14th round of the critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP14).

An evolutionary-based definition and classification of target evaluation units (EUs) is presented for the 14th round of the critical assessment of structure prediction (CASP14). CASP14 targets included 84 experimental models submitted by various structural groups (designated T1024-T1101). Targets were split into EUs based on the domain organization of available templates and performance of server groups. Several targets required splitting (19 out of 25 multidomain targets) due in part to observed conformation changes. All in all, 96 CASP14 EUs were defined and assigned to tertiary structure assessment categories (Topology-based FM or High Accuracy-based TBM-easy and TBM-hard) considering their evolutionary relationship to existing ECOD fold space: 24 family level, 50 distant homologs (H-group), 12 analogs (X-group), and 10 new folds. Principal component analysis and heatmap visualization of sequence and structure similarity to known templates as well as performance of servers highlighted trends in CASP14 target difficulty. The assigned evolutionary levels (i.e., H-groups) and assessment classes (i.e., FM) displayed overlapping clusters of EUs. Many viral targets diverged considerably from their template homologs and thus were more difficult for prediction than other homology-related targets. On the other hand, some targets did not have sequence-identifiable templates, but were predicted better than expected due to relatively simple arrangements of secondary structural elements. An apparent improvement in overall server performance in CASP14 further complicated traditional classification, which ultimately assigned EUs into high-accuracy modeling (27 TBM-easy and 31 TBM-hard), topology (23 FM), or both (15 FM/TBM).

An Interactive Framework for Teaching Viscoelastic Modeling

ABSTRACT Rheologic models consisting of combinations of linear elements, such as springs and dashpots, are widely used in biophysics to describe the mechanical and, in particular, the viscoelastic behavior of proteins, cells, tissue, and soft matter. Even simple arrangements with few elements often suffice to recapitulate the experimental data and to provide biophysical insights, making them an ideal subject for educational purposes. To provide students with an intuitive understanding of the mechanical behavior of spring and dashpot models, we describe a computer simulation tool, elastic viscous system simulator (ElViS), written in the JavaScript programming language for designing viscoelastic models via a graphical user interface and simulating the mechanical response to various inputs. As an example application, we designed a virtual laboratory course using ElViS that teaches the basic principles of viscoelastic modeling in a gamelike manner. We then surveyed 50 undergraduate students of a 1-semester course in biophysics who participated in the virtual laboratory course. Students felt that the course was a helpful addition to the lecture and that it improved learning success.

Computation of ground potential rise and grounding impedance of simple arrangement of electrodes buried in frequency-dependent stratified soil

Grounding electrodes are used to provide a low-impedance dissipation path for the excess lightning or fault currents. Several studies have been dedicated to the computation of the grounding impedance of different electrode arrangements considering either the frequency dependence of soil parameters (resistivity ρ and relative permittivity εr) or the multi-layer nature of soil. This paper aims at the calculation of the grounding impedance and the ground potential rise (GPR) of simple electrode arrangements (vertical and cross electrodes) due to the injection of first and subsequent lightning currents in various configurations of soil, considering a frequency-dependent stratified soil.A frequency-domain full-wave electromagnetic solver based on the Method of Moment (MoM) that employs a stratified medium Green’s function is used to compute the grounding impedance in a frequency range of 100Hz to 10MHz. The transient GPRs are computed using the equivalent circuit of the grounding system, obtained through the application of the Vector Fitting (VF) technique and recursive convolution method.The simulation results show that considering the frequency dependence of the soil parameters has no effect on the low-frequency grounding impedance up to ≈10kHz. However, the frequency dependence of soil parameters leads to a considerable variation of the grounding impedance at higher frequencies especially for soils of higher resistivity. Furthermore, it is shown that considering the layers of soil has a more significant impact on the GPR of the vertical electrode than that of the cross electrode.

Frustrated Packing in Simple Structures: Chemical Pressure Hindrance to Isolobal Bonds in the TiAl3 type and ZrAl2.6Sn0.4.

While simple close-packed arrangements convey a sense of optimization, they can, in fact, host competition between different types of interactions. The TiAl3 structure type, for example, represents one of a series of ordered TE3 variants (T = transition metal, E = main group element) of the face-centered cubic structure, alongside the AuCu3 and ZrAl3 types. These structures differ in their T-T connectivity corresponding to the 18-n rule: electronic pseudogaps occur at electron concentrations of 18-n/T atom, where n is the number of electron pairs each T atom shares with other T atoms in T-T isolobal bonds. Facile stacking variations interrelate these structures, presumably setting the stage for an electronically precise series. However, the prototype of the TiAl3 type itself violates the 18-n rule, with its count of 13 electrons/Ti atom calling for n = 5 rather than the 4 isolobal T-T bonds/T atom available in this type. Here, we investigate the factors underlying this deviation from the 18-n rule and their relation to the new TiAl3-type compound ZrAl3-xSnx (x ∼ 0.4). First, the relative stabilities of the TiAl3 and ZrAl3 types are compared for TAl3 compounds (T = Zr and Ti). While for T = Zr, the structure adhering to the 18-n rule is highly preferred, for T = Ti, the energy difference essentially vanishes. This trend is connected through DFT-Chemical Pressure (CP) analysis to a tension that emerges in TiAl3 between the optimization of the T-T isolobal bonds and the space requirements of Al-Al contacts elsewhere. This picture elucidates the transition of ZrAl3 from its own type to the TiAl3-type upon partial Sn substitution in ZrAl2.6Sn0.4: the incorporation of Sn brings the electron count closer to that predicted for the TiAl3 type, while electronegativity and CP direct the larger Sn atoms to the site that resists isolobal bond formation in TiAl3.

Composite states of wetting

The analytical expressions of liquid–vapor equilibrium contact angles are analyzed in the thermodynamic limit for various simple geometries and arrangements of the substrate, in particular when the latter exhibits two or more scales. It concerns the Wenzel state of wetting when the substrate is completely wet, the Cassie–Baxter state when the liquid hangs over the substrate, but also intermediate states of wetting which are shown to be relevant and in competition with the two other ones. Under a separation of scales hypothesis, a composition rule of contact angles is developed whose interest is illustrated in a close packing setup of raspberry-like particles.

Power Quality Control for Mixed Renewable Energy Systems

Electrical energy is one of the famous and easiest used forms of energy. Electrical energy can be converted to many forms of energy. With the development of technology, the dependency on the electrical energy has been increased greatly nowadays. Such as Computer and telecommunication networks field, railway network banking, post office, life support system are few application that just cannot run without electricity. In this article we will discuss the power quality issues for distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources, as an example solar and wind energy. A brief explanation about the power quality issues is conducted here.This article starts with the power quality issues, followed by discussions of basic standards. A brief study of power quality in the power system, it includes the systems with dc and renewable sources are done in this article. In addition to the power quality monitoring techniques and its possible solutions for the power quality issues for the power system are briefly discussed. Later we will go through the analyzing step for the methods of mitigation of these problems using custom power devices, such as D-STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, TVSS, DVR, etc., for micro grid systems. As an example for the renewable energy systems, such as the statcom can be an efficient choice due to its several advantages, whereas the spinning reserve can enhance the power quality in traditional systems. Finally, we will discuss the power quality in dc systems. Two Main advantages for a DC system, is the Simple arrangements and higher reliability. Even though it faces many power quality issues such as, instability and poor detection of faults.

Verification of irregularities in a reinforced concrete tall structure

Building plans with simple, regular and compact arrangements are preferred to perform well during the occurrence of earthquakes. In practice, planning a regular layout may not be possible in all occasions due to irregular shape of building sites in the plan as well as in elevation due to uneven ground conditions. It is a challenge both for the architect and structural designer to plan and design such buildings. Further, the planning is to be made in compliance with the rules and regulations of the local approving authorities, which sometimes may lead to irregular shapes both in plan and elevation. Most of the times, the owner’s and / or builder’s requirement is to be fulfilled such that the project is viable to them. This is a challenge for the practising professionals designing the structures that are built in earthquake zones of III, IV and V. The earthquake resistant design code i.e., IS 1893 (Part 1) was revised in the year 2016 and adopting the provisions of building irregularities with more restrictions on their allowable limits. This paper addresses the identification or verification of the existence of building irregularities in a 17 storey multipurpose tall structure with two parking, two commercial and 13 residential floors. From the results, it is opined that there is a need for a review of the procedure and some of the limits set on irregular building configurations particularly Stiffness, Excessive openings, Out-of-plane offsets, Strength, In-plane discontinuity and Irregular modes of oscillation.