Simple Adenoma Research Articles

Mammary Adenoma Associated with Chronic Mastitis in a Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa)

Abstract Mammary gland tumor is rare and only a few cases have been reported in wild animals. Moreover, most etiologies of the known cases in veterinary medicine are related to age, diet, obesity, and excessive sex hormones in domestic animals while few etiologies are reported in wild animals. An unknown-aged female wild boar was presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kyungpook National University with a well-demarcated, and firm-to-elastic mammary gland mass. The cut-surface of the mass was pink-reddish, and homogeneous. Microscopically, the mass was mainly composed of well-differentiated neoplastic glandular epithelial cells characterized by a single-layer, columnar to cuboidal shapes, and small and central nuclei and nucleoli. Any evidence of invasiveness or metastases of the neoplastic cells were not observed. Interestingly, infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells such as plasma cells and macrophages was observed along with a large quantity of gram-negative and positive bacterial colonies in the mammary glands. Moreover, accompanied fibrosis of stroma was observed, as well. Based on the gross and microscopic findings, the present case was diagnosed as mammary simple adenoma caused by chronic mastitis progressing to fibrotic condition. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study describing the histopathological aspects of mammary gland tumors associated with chronic mastitis accompanied by fibrosis in wild animals.

Fecal microbiota changes with fermented kimchi intake regulated either formation or advancement of colon adenoma.

Gut bacteria might contribute in early stage of colorectal cancer through the development and advancement of colon adenoma, by which exploring either beneficial bacteria, which are decreased in formation or advancement of colon adenoma and harmful bacteria, which are increased in advancement of colon adenoma may result in implementation of dietary interventions or probiotic therapies to functional means for prevention. Korean fermented kimchi is one of representative probiotic food providing beneficiary microbiota and exerting significant inhibitory outcomes in both APC/Min+ polyposis model and colitis-associated cancer. Based on these backgrounds, we performed clinical trial to document the changes of fecal microbiota in 32 volunteers with normal colon, simple adenoma, and advanced colon adenoma with 10 weeks of fermented kimchi intake. Each amplicon is sequenced on MiSeq of Illumina and the sequence reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units using VSEARCH and the Chao Indices, an estimator of richness of taxa per individual, were estimated to measure the diversity of each sample. Though significant difference in α or β diversity was not seen between three groups, kimchi intake significantly led to significant diversity of fecal microbiome. After genus analysis, Acinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Clostridium sensu, Turicibacter, Gastronaeophillales, H. pittma were proven to be increased in patients with advanced colon adenoma, whereas Enterococcua Roseburia, Coryobacteriaceau, Bifidobacterium spp., and Akkermansia were proven to be significantly decreased in feces from patients with advanced colon adenoma after kimchi intake. Conclusively, fermented kimchi plentiful of beneficiary microbiota can afford significant inhibition of either formation or advancement of colon adenoma.

HSP110 expression in canine mammary gland tumor and its correlation with histopathological classification and grade

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play critical roles as molecular chaperones, thereby promoting cellular homeostasis. HSPs are overexpressed in many types of human tumors and their serum concentration is elevated in cancer patients. Recent studies have suggested that HSPs may promote tumorigenesis via interactions with tumor-related proteins. There are only a few studies that address the expression of HSPs in canine tumors.In our previous study, we identified elevated levels of HSP110 expression in canine mammary gland tumors (cMGTs). In this study, we examined both serum concentrations and tissue expression of HSP110 in dogs with cMGT. We found that serum HSP110 concentrations were not significantly different in a comparison between dogs with cMGT (3.44 ± 1.27 μg/mL) and healthy controls (3.23 ± 1.18 μg/mL). By contrast, significant differences in levels of HSP110 expression were identified in comparisons between simple carcinoma and benign mixed tumor (p = 0.001), simple carcinoma and non-neoplastic lesions (p < 0.001), complex carcinoma and benign mixed tumor (p = 0.015), complex carcinoma and non-neoplastic lesions (p < 0.001), simple adenoma and benign mixed tumor (p = 0.041), and simple adenoma and non-neoplastic lesions (p = 0.007). Similarly, significantly different levels of HSP110 expression were identified when comparing grade Ⅲ with non-neoplastic lesion (p = 0.026), grade Ⅱ with benign tumor (p = 0.015), grade Ⅱ with non-neoplastic lesion (p < 0.001), and grade Ⅰ with non-neoplastic lesion (p < 0.001). Taken together, our results indicate that expression of HSP110 correlates with the malignancy in this cohort of dogs diagnosed with cMGT. These findings also suggest that HSP110 is associated with tumorigenesis and the relative malignancy of cMGT.

An institutional restrospective study done on fibroepithelial lesions of breast

Aim: The primary objective is to study the incidence of various fibro epithelial lesions of breast (FEL) in different age groups. The secondary objective is to study the FEL based on histopathological features and corresponding occurrences of patterns in different age groups Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology, Saveetha medical college. A total of 102 fibro epithelial lesions were taken from the pathology register from the period of June 2018 to December 2018 along with the age and radiological features if present. Result: Out of 102 cases, 92 were simple fibro adenomas; 3 were giant fibroadenomas, 2 were complex fibro adenomas, 1 juvenile and 4 were phyllodes tumour. The commonest group of fibro epithelial lesions of breast studied was fibro adenoma between the age group of 15 and 30. Most of the histopathological patterns showed cystic dilatation 30%which was followed by hyalinization 25% and epithelial hyperplasia. While the phyllodes tumors were recorded under the age group of 35 to 45. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the important aspects of the interpretation and reporting of fibro epithelial lesions of breast. Keywords: Fibroepithelial lesions of breast.

Expression of Tumour Endothelial Marker 8 in Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of tumour endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) in canine mammary gland tumours (MGTs) by immunohistochemistry and to evaluate the association between tumour cell TEM8 expression and tumour histological features, histological grades and expression of luminal and basal/myoepithelial cell markers. TEM8 expression was detected in >60 % of neoplastic epithelial cells in all simple adenomas (n=25), simple carcinomas (n=43) and invasive micropapillary carcinomas (n=5) studied. Six of the 18 solid carcinomas studied showed TEM8 expression in >60% of carcinoma cells present in solid structures and in 12 of the 18 solid carcinomas, <30% of the luminal structure-forming carcinoma cells showed TEM8 expression. TEM8 expression in the neoplastic cells was not associated with histological malignancy in canine MGTs. TEM8+ tumour cells frequently showed the luminal-like phenotype cytokeratin (CK)19+/p63-/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-, while most TEM8- tumour cells exhibited the basal-like phenotype CK19-/p63+/αSMA-. These findings indicate that TEM8 may be involved in maintaining the characteristics of luminal cells in canine MGTs and that TEM8 would be useful in identifying the type of neoplastic epithelial cell in MGTs.

Abstract 2968: Trim25 and KLF5 expression predict AFPep-mediated inhibition of estrogen-dependent growth

Abstract Introduction: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) functions in utero to inhibit estrogen-mediated growth in fetal tissue. AFPep is a 9-amino acid cyclized form of the active site in AFP that impedes phosphorylation and activation of ERα. Recent studies demonstrate that AFPep inhibits estrogen-dependent growth in MCF-7 and T47D xenografts and decreases mammary tumor burden in estrogen-exposed ACI rats. It is important to identify biomarkers that predict the efficacy of AFPep. Dimerized, phosphorylated ERα (pERα) transcribes TRIM25, which is associated with breast cancer metastasis and decreased survival. KLF5 is a transcription factor downstream of pERα and is associated with breast and cervical cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and migration. We hypothesize that treatment with AFPep inhibits expression of TRIM25 and KLF5 and that these are predictive biomarkers for AFPep-mediated inhibition of estrogen-dependent growth. Methods: Expression of ERα, pERα, TRIM25, and KLF5 were assessed in three estrogen-sensitive models: immature mouse uterus, MCF7 xenografts, and canine breast tumors. Immature mice were treated with saline only, AFPep (100 μg) only, estrogen, or estrogen plus AFPep (100 μg). Twenty-four hours post treatment, uteri were removed, weighed, and blotted for biomarkers. Mice bearing MCF7 xenografts were treated with estrogen or estrogen with AFPep and biopsied after 14 days. Finally, two dogs, one with a simple tubular mammary adenoma and the other with a grade II mixed mammary carcinoma, were treated with AFPep for seven days. Results: Immature mice treated with estrogen had greater uterine-to-body weight ratio, increased ratio of pERα to total ERα, and increased KLF5 and TRIM25 expression compared to mice treated with saline alone or AFPep alone. Uteri from mice treated with estrogen and AFPep showed decreased uterine-to-body weight ratio, decreased ratio of pERα to total ERα, and decreased KLF5 and TRIM25 expression compared to uteri treated with estrogen alone. MCF7 xenografts from mice treated with estrogen and AFPep showed decreased ratio of pERα to total ERα compared to mice treated with estrogen alone. AFPep treatment of xenograft-bearing mice decreased expression of TRIM25 and KLF5 in the tumor. In the clinical canine mammary tumor study, a mixed carcinoma expressed pERα and treatment of that dog with AFPep decreased the expression of both KLF5 and TRIM25 in that tumor. A dog with a simple tubular adenoma did not express pERα, and treatment of that dog with AFPep had little impact on the expression of TRIM25 and KLF5 in the tumor. Conclusion: We conclude that AFPep inhibits estrogen-mediated growth and the ratio of pERα to total ERα. KLF5 and TRIM25 also serve as predictive markers for the efficacy of AFPep in uterus and breast tissue respectively. Citation Format: Kanthi J. Bommareddy, Anusri Kadakuntla, Michael Kuna, Priya Shivraj, Roman Ginnan, Ann Hohenhaus, James Bennett, Thomas Andersen. Trim25 and KLF5 expression predict AFPep-mediated inhibition of estrogen-dependent growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2968.

The compliance rate for the second diagnostic evaluation after a positive fecal occult blood test: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Only a minority of patients with a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) undergo a follow-up second diagnostic procedure, thus minimizing its contribution for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. We aimed to obtain a precise estimation of this problem and also assess the diagnostic yield of CRC and adenomas by colonoscopy in these patients. Literature searches were conducted for "compliance" OR "adherence" AND "fecal occult blood test" OR "fecal immunohistochemical test" AND "colonoscopy." Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used. The search resulted in 42 studies (512,496 patients with positive FOBT), published through December 31, 2017. A funnel plot demonstrates a moderate publication bias. Compliance with any second procedure, colonoscopy, or combination of double-contrast barium enema with or without sigmoidoscopy in patients with a positive FOBT was 0.725 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.649-0.790 (p = 0.000), 0.804 with 95% CI 0.740-0.856 (p = 0.000) and 0.197 with 95% CI 0.096-0.361 (p = 0.000), respectively. The diagnostic yield for CRC, advanced adenoma and simple adenoma was 0.058 with 95% CI 0.050-0.068 (p = 0.000), 0.242 with 95% CI 0.188-0.306 (p = 0.000) and 0.147 with 95% CI 0.116-0.184 (p < 0.001), respectively. Compliance with diagnostic evaluation after a positive FOBT is still suboptimal. Therefore, measures to increase compliance need to be taken given the increased risk of CRC in these patients.

Insulinoma-presenting as status epilepticus and hallucinations

Insulinoma is a very rare endocrine disorder. 80% of insulinomas result from benign simple adenomas of pancreas and hypoglycemia is the commonest presenting feature. Although seizures as a consequence of insulinoma are well known, yet status epilepticus as the initial presenting feature is a rarity. Here, we report a young male in whom insulinoma masqueraded as status epilepticus.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 29-31

Mammary gland carcinoma “in situ” in a male dog: case report

Mammary gland tumors are among the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms in female dogs. However, they are rare in male dogs, with incidence ranging from 0 to 2.7% (less than 1% on average). The triggering factors in males are still obscure, but studies have shown that hormonal abnormalities, especially those associated with testicular neoplasms, predispose towards their occurrence. Among the most common histological types diagnosed in males, adenocarcinoma, papillary cystadenocarcinoma, carcinosarcoma, simple adenoma, and spindle cell sarcoma can be highlighted. However, there are no reports of carcinoma “in situ” in males and its incidence in females is low. The present study reports a case of carcinoma in situ in a 13-year-old mixed-breed male dog, comprising a mammary gland tumor associated with mastitis, together with two histologically distinct tumors in the testicles (one in each): one was a diffuse seminoma and the other, a solid interstitial cell tumor. The present report is novel because of the histology of the mammary gland tumor.

Colorectal polypoid lesions and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in a consecutive series of endoscopic and surgical patients.

Colorectal cancer incidence in patients undergoing screening protocols is decreasing because of the higher rate of discovered preneoplastic colonic lesions; however, adenomatous polyps may not always be removable endoscopically and surgery may still be necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the different steps of colorectal carcinogenesis to explore its potential role as a marker of malignancy in polypoid lesions. A total of 92 subjects with colonic adenoma or cancer who underwent screening colonoscopy or surgery were prospectively enrolled. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for VEGF-A messenger RNA expression and immunohistochemistry for VEGF-A were performed. Immunoassays for VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 were also performed. Non-parametric statistics, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and logistic multiple regression analysis were used. VEGF-A messenger RNA expression was higher in patients with high-grade dysplasia or colorectal cancer than in those with low-grade dysplasia adenomas (p = 0.01). At immunohistochemistry, VEGF-A expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients compared to dysplastic adenomas (p < 0.001), and the accuracy of VEGF-A expression for prediction of malignancy was 91.7 (95% confidence interval = 78.7-97.9). VEGF-C protein expression was lower in colorectal cancer patients than in simple adenomas (p = 0.02). VEGF-A levels were directly correlated to polyp size (rho = 0.73, p = 0.0062). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that malignancy and polyp size were independent predictors of VEGF-A mucosal levels. This study demonstrated that the VEGF-A expression changes along the colorectal carcinogenesis pathway showing a neat step up at the passage from high-grade dysplasia to invasive cancer. This feature might potentially be useful to stratify colorectal polyps in different risks of progression classes. Moreover, the high level of VEGF-A expression predicted the presence of lymphovascular invasion with good accuracy.

Outcome of 24 years national surveillance in different hereditary colorectal cancer subgroups leading to more individualised surveillance

BackgroundIndividuals with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) have a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The benefits of colonic surveillance in Lynch syndrome and Amsterdam-positive (familial CRC type X familial...

A first immunohistochemistry study of transketolase and transketolase-like 1 expression in canine hyperplastic and neoplastic mammary lesions.

BackgroundCanine mammary tumors represent the most common neoplasm in female dogs, and the discovery of cancer biomarkers and their translation to clinical relevant assays is a key requirement in the war on cancer. Since the description of the ‘Warburg effect’, the reprogramming of metabolic pathways is considered a hallmark of pathological changes in cancer cells. In this study, we investigate the expression of two cancer-related metabolic enzymes, transketolase (TKT) and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), an alternative metabolic pathway for glucose breakdown that could promote cancer by providing the precursors and energy required for rapidly growing cells.ResultsTKT and TKTL1 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in canine normal (N = 6) and hyperplastic glands (N = 3), as well as in benign (N = 11) and malignant mammary tumors (N = 17). TKT expression was higher in hyperplastic lesions and in both benign and malignant tumors compared to the normal mammary gland, while TKTL1 levels were remarkably higher in hyperplastic lesions, simple adenomas and simple carcinomas than in the normal mammary glands (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study reveals that the expression of a key PPP enzyme varies along the evolution of canine mammary neoplastic lesions, and supports a role of metabolic changes in the development of canine mammary tumors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0961-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Pattern of calcium and parathyroid hormone normalization at 12-months follow-up after parathyroid operation

At 12months after a parathyroid operation, we expect cured patients to have biochemical profiles similar to those of healthy individuals. The aim of the current study was to compare the biochemical characteristics patients at 12months after parathyroidectomy for primary sporadic hyperparathyroidism with those of healthy controls. A total of 547 patients who underwent parathyroid neck operation for primary sporadic hyperparathyroidism from 2000-2014 were analyzed. A control group consisted of 74 healthy subjects. Calcium and parathyroid hormone were collected perioperatively. Graphic plots of the relationship between calcium versus parathyroid hormone (95% confidence intervals) were used to compare the biochemical profiles of patients after parathyroid operation and controls. Preoperatively, patients with primary sporadic hyperparathyroidism had a calcium level of 10.9±0.5mg/dL and parathyroid hormone level of 124.4±68.5 pg/dL vs controls' values of 9.2±0.3mg/dL and 34.4±13.4 pg/dL, respectively. Before operation, all primary sporadic hyperparathyroidism patients had calcium versus parathyroid hormone values outside the normal zone. At 12months after operation, 335 (69%) patients showed normalization of the chemical profile; 13 (2.7%) had absolute elevation of calcium and parathyroid hormone, reflecting persistent disease; 2 (0.4%) patients had hypoparathyroidism after subtotal parathyroidectomy; and 149 (31%) had calcium and parathyroid hormone values outside the normal zone, not fitting into the above categories. There were no marked differences between patients with simple adenoma those with multiple-gland disease. Longer follow-up might be needed for patients after parathyroid operation to confirm stabilization of biochemical profiles.

Longitudinal Claudin Gene Expression Analyses in Canine Mammary Tissues and Thereof Derived Primary Cultures and Cell Lines.

Human and canine mammary tumours show partial claudin expression deregulations. Further, claudins have been used for directed therapeutic approaches. However, the development of claudin targeting approaches requires stable claudin expressing cell lines. This study reports the establishment and characterisation of canine mammary tissue derived cell lines, analysing longitudinally the claudin-1, -3, -4 and -7 expressions in original tissue samples, primary cultures and developed cell lines. Primary cultures were derived from 17 canine mammary tissues: healthy, lobular hyperplasia, simple adenoma, complex adenoma, simple tubular carcinoma, complex carcinoma, carcinoma arising in a benign mixed tumour and benign mixed tissue. Cultivation was performed, if possible, until passage 30. Claudin mRNA and protein expressions were analysed by PCR, QuantiGene Plex Assay, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Further, cytokeratin expression was analysed immunocytochemically. Cultivation resulted in 11 established cell lines, eight showing epithelial character. In five of the early passages the claudin expressions decreased compared to the original tissues. In general, claudin expressions were diminished during cultivation. Three cell lines kept longitudinally claudin, as well as epithelial marker expressions, representing valuable tools for the development of claudin targeted anti-tumour therapies.

Spectrum of goitrous lesions in patients at a tertiary care center of Sikkim

Background: Sikkim is declared as a goitre endemic state with an estimated prevalence of 54%. The spectrums of diseases include simple goitre, thyroiditis, adenoma, carcinoma, multinodular goitre and Graves' disease. The present study aims to determine the pattern of thyroid swelling in a hospital setup at Sikkim. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of records of all patients presenting with thyroid swelling in a tertiary care hospital at Gangtok, Sikkim during the period of 4 years between 1 st January 2008 and 31 st December 2011. Patients were diagnosed by clinical examination, FNAC, USG, CT scan and hormone estimation. Histopatholgical confirmation was done in surgical cases. Clinic opathological and demographic data of 166 such patients were obtained and analyzed for the present study. Results: The most common goitrous disease was simple goitre (69.27%) followed by thyroiditis (10.24%), toxic goitre (7.83%) and malignancy (12.65%). Papillary variant was the commonest carcinoma. Overall female:male ratio was 4.9:1. The prevalence goitrous lesion was highest in the middle age group between 30-39 years, while the extremes of age (below 10 years and above 70 years) were rarely involved. Conclusions: The prevalence of goitre in Sikkim is still very high despite iodisation programs by the Government. There is urgent need for more data on autoimmunity and goitrogens status to explain the high prevalence of goitre in this population.

A pooled analysis of the outcome of prospective colonoscopic surveillance for familial colorectal cancer

Surveillance guidelines for the management of familial colorectal cancer (FCC), a dominant family history of colorectal cancer in which the polyposis syndromes and Lynch syndrome have been excluded, are not firmly established. The outcome of colonoscopic surveillance is studied using data from six centers. DNA mismatch repair deficiency was excluded by genetic testing. Families were classified as FCC type X if they fulfilled the original Amsterdam criteria (AC) and late onset (LOFCC) if they fulfilled the AC apart from not having a cancer aged under 50. The most advanced findings on colonoscopy were analyzed. One thousand five hundred eighty-five individuals (median age 47.3, 44% male) from 530 FCC families (349 FCC type X) underwent a total of 4,992 colonoscopies with 7,904 patient-years of follow-up. Results for FCC type X and LOFCC were very similar. At baseline, 22 prevalent asymptomatic colorectal cancers were diagnosed, 120 (7.6%) individuals had high-risk adenomas and 225 (14.2%) simple adenomas. One thousand eighty-eight individuals had a further colonoscopy (median follow-up of 6.2 years). Of nine individuals diagnosed with cancer, eight had a previous history of at least one polyp/adenoma. High-risk adenomas were detected in 92 (8.7%) and multiple adenomas were detected in 20 (1.9%) individuals. Both FCC type X and LOFCC have a high prevalence of colorectal cancers and on follow-up develop high-risk adenomas (including multiple adenomas), but infrequent interval cancers. They should be managed similarly with five-yearly colonoscopies undertaken from between 30 and 40 with more intensive surveillance in individuals developing multiple or high-risk adenomas.

Ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8) as a molecular marker of canine mammary tumor malignancy

Thirty-two canine mammary tubulopapillary carcinomas and 14 simple adenomas were studied by immunohistochemistry for the expression of UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8). The majority of tissue specimens (57%) representing adenomas had no or weak reaction with anti-UGT8 antibodies (0-2 pts according to IRS scale) in comparison to the majority of carcinomas (90%) which stained with high intensities (3-9 pts according to IRS scale). When the average values of the reaction intensities (IRS) for malignant and benign tumors were compared, using the Mann-Whitney U-test, significant differences in UGT8 expression between them were found (P < 0.001). Mammary tubulopapillary carcinomas were further analyzed by IHC and the same rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against UGT8 according to their malignancy grade. It was found that the level of UGT8 increased in tumor specimens together with their grading. A comparison of the average values of the reaction intensity (IRS scale) revealed a significant difference (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05) in UGT8 expression between tumors representing malignancy grades G3 and G1. Based on the obtained results, it is proposed that UGT8 is associated with malignancy of canine mammary gland cells and may have a potential value as a diagnostic marker.

Adenoma of the cloacal scent gland in a California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae)

A multiple simple adenoma causing severe distortion of the tail base was identified in the cloacal scent gland of a female California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae). In addition to the normal epithelial layer of the gland and the skin, the tumour cells in the glandular epithelium also showed cross immunereactivity with humanised anti-cytokeratin antibody. This is the first description of an adenoma in the scent gland of a reptile species. Neither epithelial nor mesenchymal tumours arising from the scent gland of reptiles have been reported previously. This report also highlights the possible use of humanised antibodies on reptile species for the fast, reliable and specific differential diagnosis of tumours.

PTU-226 Colorectal cancer screening in a moderate risk population; what is the polyp yield and what is the optimum screening interval?

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been shown to reduce mortality from CRC. Many people with a family history of CRC do not satisfy criteria for syndromes such as HNPCC, and...

Mucin 6 and Tn Antigen Expression in Canine Mammary Tumours: Correlation with Pathological Features

Overexpression of mucins is known to decrease cell-to-cell adhesion and thus to facilitate the invasion of cancer cells through the extracellular matrix. Mucin 6 (MUC6) is overexpressed and aberrantly O-glycosylated in human breast cancer, serving as a carrier for one of the most specific cancer-associated antigens, Tn antigen. Despite its relevance in breast cancer, MUC6 expression has not yet been characterized in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). The aims of this study were to assess the expression of MUC6 and Tn antigen in 55 benign and 77 malignant CMTs of different histological types and to investigate possible correlations with pathological features. MUC6 and Tn antigen were found to be significantly overexpressed in malignant compared with benign CMTs. MUC6 was significantly overexpressed in simple and complex carcinomas compared with simple and complex adenomas, respectively. When considering only the epithelial population, significant MUC6 overexpression was observed in carcinosarcomas when compared with benign mixed tumours. In addition, MUC6 was significantly overexpressed in simple compared with complex carcinomas. Finally, double-labelling immunofluorescence performed on seven malignant CMTs showed MUC6 and Tn co-expression. Therefore, MUC6 and Tn antigen overexpression is associated with malignant phenotypes of CMTs.