Simple ABC Research Articles

A Brief Discussion on the Minimalist Power of Extreme Sculpture: A Case Study of Tony Smith's Sculpture

Minimalist art, also known as the simplest art, simple abstract, ABC art, etc., the ideology of extreme art is anti-trend, in the 1960 s was once eye-catching. Today, with the weakening of abstract expressionism and pop art, minimalism has also declined, but its existence still brings inspiration and encouragement to today's people. There are many works of minimalism presented in front of people. This article will talk about the background of the times minimalism and to Tony Smith ' s sculpture as a column, analysis of Smith ' s sculpture contains the power of simplicity, minimalism in the study of the use of sculpture, showing people to limit the simplicity of beauty.

Temperature and intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well solar cells

We have analyzed the temperature and intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well solar cells up to 725 K and more than 1000 suns. We show that the simple ABC model routinely used to analyze the measured quantum efficiency data of InGaN/GaN LEDs can accurately reproduce the temperature and intensity dependence of the measured open-circuit voltage if a temperature-dependent Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime is used and device heating is taken into account.

A Crew Model using GAIIPDM in Repetitive Projects

Several indistinguishable or comparative tasks/works in a project are generally alluded to as repetitive projects. A project have group of tasks which is repetitive in nature in all over the project or a similar plan in different positions are commonly known as repetitive project. In repetitive project businesses, distinctive crew choices are accessible for each task, and selecting the best choice to a task is a noteworthy test for administrators of a project. Since acquiring optimum results is found computationally escalated for this type of problems, a modified Genetic Algorithm based technique is developed to schedule projects to satisfy different goals like minimizing total task time and the total expenditure of the project, with the constraints of precedence connections between different tasks, precedence connections between different sites and the due time within which different tasks to be finished. The performance of the proposed method is compared with solutions created using existing algorithms like simple GA and ABC. Exact solutions generated by solving the developed mathematical model is utilized for validating the solutions acquired by modified GA. The computational outcomes demonstrate that the proposed GAIIPDM methodology performs significantly well in terms of quality of solutions.

Dependence of radiative and nonradiative recombination on carrier density and Al content in thick AlGaN epilayers

Dynamics of radiative and nonradiative recombination of non-equilibrium carriers is investigated in thick AlGaN epitaxial layers with Al content ranging from 0.11 to 0.71. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in the epilayers was obtained using two approaches: either estimated from PL measurements or calculated using the recombination coefficients of a simple ABC model, retrieved by fitting the kinetics of light induced transient gratings (LITG). At photoexcited carrier densities below ~1019 cm−3, both approaches provided similar IQE values indicating that the simple ABC model is applicable to analyze carrier recombination at such carrier densities. The increase in IQE at higher carrier densities slowed down for the values extracted from PL considerably faster than for those obtained from LITG transients. This discrepancy is explained in terms of the mixed nature of the rate coefficient B caused by the onset of the density-activated nonradiative recombination at high carrier densities.

Woody hardness – a novel classification for the radiotherapy-treated neck

The term ‘woody neck’ is widely used by surgeons and oncologists to describe the fibrosis that can occur following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancy. These soft tissue and skin changes can be compounded by neck dissection, either before or after radiotherapy. To our knowledge, there is no classification published in the literature to describe the degree of woody hardness following treatment. We propose a simple ABC classification for varying degrees of indurated oedema and neck fibrosis secondary to radiotherapy or long-standing pathology, using the hardness of different woods to enable a suitable description to be made of severity.

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of the morphologies and dynamics of linear ABC triblock copolymers in solutions

Due to the great potential in the field of multifunctional nanoreactors and carriers, several previous works have shown the interesting morphologies of multicompartment micelles from simple linear ABC triblock copolymers in solutions.

Polymeric Janus nanoparticles from triblock terpolymer micellar dimers

Well-defined polymeric Janus nanoparticles have been synthesized by a novel method of combining self-assembly of simple ABC linear triblock terpolymers into nanostructured dimers and crosslinking of the conjunction between the opposite hemispheres.

Complex Multicompartment Micelles from Simple ABC Linear Triblock Copolymers in Solution

For the simple ABC linear terpolymer composed of a solvophilic A block and two solvophobic B and C blocks, the solution‐state self‐assembly is systematically investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, and several complex multicompartment micelles beyond the conventional wisdom, such as helix‐on‐sphere, cage, ring, bowl, raspberry‐onion and so on, are predicted from the simulations. The detailed phase diagrams clearly point out the regions of building these complex multicompartment micelles. Thus, the complex multicompartment micelles can be obtained from the simple linear ABC terpolymers. This work advances the molecular‐level understanding of multicompartment micelles from the simple linear ABC terpolymers, which will be useful for the future application of novel micelles.

Quantitative modeling of the temperature-dependent internal quantum efficiency in InGaN light emitting diodes

The temperature dependence of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of blue InGaN-based light emitting diodes is analyzed both experimentally and theoretically with a drift-diffusion transport model. A high-performance reference structure and two improved epitaxial designs are compared at different operating temperatures. In contrast to a simple ABC model, the proposed approach allows for quantitative predictions of IQEs including optimizations regarding spatial carrier distributions at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, a moderate increase of the Auger coefficient gives a more precise agreement between experiment and simulations. The results show that the model is suitable to quantitatively predict the IQE for different structures and temperatures.

Practicable alleviation of efficiency droop effect using surface plasmon coupling in GaN-based light emitting diodes

We studied the practicable alleviation of efficiency droop effect in GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with surface plasmon (SP) coupling. Our approach is based on a simple ABC model which is extended by a Purcell factor that relates the SP coupling rate to the radiative recombination rate based on Fermi's golden rule. Purcell factors as small as two are found to be sufficient to obtain a low efficiency droop of only 5.2% at a current density of 200 A/cm2. It is shown that a high probability of photon extraction from the SP modes is required for enhanced light output power. SP coupling is more beneficial to improve LED performance within the “green-yellow gap” suffering from low luminescence efficiency (less than 20%).

Efficiency droop in blue InGaN/GaN single-quantum-well light-emitting diodes on the Si substrate

With the simple ABC model, we demonstrated that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at lower temperature must be higher than that at higher temperature without carrier leakage; this is contradicted by the experimental results of blue InGaN/GaN single-quantum-well (SQW) LEDs. Combined with the variations of IQE and dominant wavelength of SQW LEDs with forward current density, we believe that the electrons will overflow from the well easily after filling up in a higher state, and electron leakage is the main factor for efficiency droop.

Precise hierarchical self-assembly of multicompartment micelles

Hierarchical self-assembly offers elegant and energy-efficient bottom-up strategies for the structuring of complex materials. For block copolymers, the last decade witnessed great progress in diversifying the structural complexity of solution-based assemblies into multicompartment micelles. However, a general understanding of what governs multicompartment micelle morphologies and polydispersity, and how to manipulate their hierarchical superstructures using straightforward concepts and readily accessible polymers remains unreached. Here we demonstrate how to create homogeneous multicompartment micelles with unprecedented structural control via the intermediate pre-assembly of subunits. This directed self-assembly leads to a step-wise reduction of the degree of conformational freedom and dynamics and avoids undesirable kinetic obstacles during the structure build-up. It yields a general concept for homogeneous populations of well-defined multicompartment micelles with precisely tunable patchiness, while using simple linear ABC triblock terpolymers. We further demonstrate control over the hierarchical step-growth polymerization of multicompartment micelles into micron-scale segmented supracolloidal polymers as an example of programmable mesoscale colloidal hierarchies via well-defined patchy nanoobjects.

Efficiency droop in blue InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes on Si substrate

InGaN/GaN based light emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from decrease in efficiency at a high injection current level which is called efficiency droop. In this paper, blue InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light emitting diodes on Si (111) substrates are prepared, and their electroluminescence spectra are tested. Comparing the experimental measurements with the simulating results based on simple ABC model, the cause for quantum efficiency droop is investigated. The results show that the light emitting diode has worse electron spreading and less hole concentration with temperature decreasing, and the electrons will overflow frome the well after filled up in higher and higher state for their inhomogeneous distribution, thus efficiency droop will happen at a lower injection more severely for electron leakage under lower injection, and experimental measurements are in disagreement with simulation results of Auger recombination at high injection current levels under different temperatures. The results confirm that the main factor for efficiency droop is not Auger nonradiative recombination but electron leakage, and the essential cause for electron leakage is severe carrier localization.

Parameter Estimation for Hidden Markov models with Intractable Likelihoods

AbstractIn this talk I consider sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for hidden Markov models. In the scenario for which the conditional density of the observations given the latent state is intractable we give a simple ABC approximation of the model along with some basic SMC algorithms for sampling from the associated filtering distribution. Then, we consider the problem of smoothing, given access to a batch data set. We present a simulation technique which combines forward only smoothing (Del Moral et al, 2011) and particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (Andrieu et al 2010), for an algorithm which scales linearly in the number of particles.

Breast screening assessment clinics: as easy as ABC

We have introduced a simple ABC classification system to streamline the patient pathway during the assessment clinic. Abnormalities are graded as A, B or C at consensus by the radiologists and reporting radiographers depending upon the mammographic likelihood of cancer and biopsy. This means that patients can be allocated to one of our three assessment clinics and at specific times within those clinics to facilitate workflow. This system has been in place for several years. Clinics have an average of eight patients and finish on time with minimal patient delay. We were interested to see how accurately our grading system correlated with final diagnosis, number of biopsies and additional films.