SIMO Systems Research Articles

Quadratic Detection in Noncoherent Massive SIMO Systems Over Correlated Channels

Quadratic Detection in Noncoherent Massive SIMO Systems Over Correlated Channels

Design and Detection of Unitary Constellations in Non-Coherent SIMO Systems for Short Packet Communications

Design and Detection of Unitary Constellations in Non-Coherent SIMO Systems for Short Packet Communications

Asymptotic Analysis of Near-Field Coupling in Massive MISO and Massive SIMO Systems

Asymptotic Analysis of Near-Field Coupling in Massive MISO and Massive SIMO Systems

IRS-Based Integrated Location Sensing and Communication for mmWave SIMO Systems

In this paper, we establish an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system based on a distributed semi-passive intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), which allows location sensing and data transmission to be conducted on the same time-frequency resources. The detailed working process of the proposed IRS-based ISAC system is designed, including the transmission protocol, location sensing and beamforming optimization. Specifically, each coherence block consists of the channel estimation period, the ISAC period with two time blocks, and the pure communication (PC) period. During the channel estimation period, the low-dimensional effective user-BS channel is estimated. During each time block of the ISAC period, data transmission and user positioning are carried out simultaneously. The estimated user location in the first time block will be used for beamforming design in the second time block. During the PC period, only data transmission is conducted, by invoking the user location estimated in the second time block of the ISAC period for beamforming design. Simulation results show that a millimeter-level positioning accuracy can be achieved by the proposed location sensing scheme. Besides, the proposed two beamforming schemes based on the estimated location achieve similar performance to the benchmark schemes assuming perfect channel state information, verifying the effectiveness of beamforming design using sensed location information.

Channel Characterization and Performance of a 3-D Molecular Communication System With Multiple Fully-Absorbing Receivers

Molecular communication (MC) can enable the transfer of information between nanomachines using molecules as the information carrier. In MC systems, multiple receiver nanomachines often co-exist in the same communication channel to serve common or different purposes. However, the analytical channel model for a system with multiple fully absorbing receivers (FARs), which is significantly different from the single FAR system due to the mutual influence of FARs, does not exist in the literature. The analytical channel model is essential in analyzing systems with multiple FARs, including MIMO, SIMO, and cognitive molecular communication systems. In this work, we derive an analytical expression for the hitting probability of a molecule emitted from a point source on each FAR in a diffusion-based MC system with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> FARs. Using these expressions, we derive the channel model for a SIMO system with a single transmitter and multiple FARs arranged in a uniform circular array (UCA). We then analyze the communication performance of this SIMO system under different cooperative detection schemes and develop several interesting insights.

A Brief Review of Massive MIMO Technology for the Next Generation

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is an evolving technology based on the principle of spatial multiplexing winch consisting in using at the same time the same radio frequencies to send different signals. The several transmitting antennas from a base station can transmit different signals and several receiving antennas from a device can receive and divide them simultaneously. Due to the physically difficult of installing antennas close to each other, standard MIMO networks generally limit four antenna-side transmitters and receivers for data transmission while it could be more. The study aims to review the traditional MIMO different types as well as investigates the SNR between Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO to ensure the best wireless connection functionality. In addition to that, a simple comparison to distinguish between SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO in term of capacity and data rate to provide an indication for the quality of the wireless connection. The work's contribution is to illustrate technological benefits like MIMO, which boosts data speeds and increases the reliability of wireless networks. The outcome shows a SISO system would have a lower data rate than other systems because it only has one antenna at the transmitter and receiver, whereas a MISO system would typically have a greater Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than a SISO or SIMO system because it uses several transmit antennas. MIMO, however, took advantage of all the positive characteristics and emerged as the best solution overall.

Blind identification of the inverse of SIMO system and deconvolution with Kalman filter

Blind identification of the inverse of SIMO system and deconvolution with Kalman filter

Experimental Fuzzy Control for Tower Crane

Tower crane is a popular model in industry. It helps to move constructing material from lower place to higher place and vice versa. Due to its importance in real application, educational experimental models are necessary to be built in laboratory for researching and training students. In this paper, an experimental platform of tower crane system is presented for testing algorithms. For a real model with un-known system parameters and MIMO under-actuated structure, intelligent control is a suitable selection. Fuzzy control is a primary algorithm in training intelligent control for students. Thence, an 81-rule fuzzy controller is designed and used to control position and anti-sway for this model. This idea is inspired from fuzzy control for SIMO system, such as inverted pendulum. Our controller gives good results under kinds of external effects. The quality of controlling is proved to be better under fuzzy controller than under no-control. Therefore, survey in this paper can be used to train students in fuzzy control structure for MIMO under-actuated system.

PID Controller for Balancing One-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot

One-wheeled self-balancing robot is a high-order SIMO system. It is developed from bicycle balancing and two-wheeled self-balancing robot by using only one wheel instead of two wheels. In this paper, we consider this model as two combined SIMO systems. Thence, a PID control structure is designed to balance this model not falling on a plane. Simulations are shown to prove again the ability of PID controllers in balancing this robot is two directions. Besides, we present a hardware platform of one-wheel self-balancing robot. Through the real model, PID control algorithm is proved to balance this object well at equilibrium point.

Formation of Silicide and Silicide-Aluminide Coatings on Molybdenum Alloy during Slurry Cementation Process: Influence of Slurry Volume.

New slurry cementation method was used to produce silicide and silicide-aluminide protective coatings on molybdenum alloy (TZM). The slurry cementation processes were carried out at a temperature of 1000 °C in different time intervals with the use of varied slurry mass values. The microstructure and thickness of the coatings were studied by means of scanning microscopy. Chemical composition using X-ray microanalysis and phase composition using X-ray diffraction were also investigated. Coating microhardness was determined. The obtained coatings had a multilayer structure. Phases from the Al-Si-Mo system were observed in silicide-aluminide coatings and phases from the Si-Mo system were observed in silicide coatings. The microhardness strongly depended on the phase composition of the coating. It was demonstrated that slurry mass values had an important influence on the morphology and growth kinetics of silicide-aluminide coatings. In the case of a small amount of the slurry, the deficiency of alloying elements occurring during long processes reduces growth kinetics and can lead to void formation in the structure of silicide-aluminide coatings.

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF GENERALISED STATISTIC MODEL FOR MULTIPATH CHANNEL OF SIMO SISTEMS WITH FADING AND CORRELATED SHADOWING

The paper considers the problem of analysis of the information transmission process by multi-element communication systems in presence of a multipath signal propagation channel. To generalize the propagation effects, the model of the κ–μ fading channel with correlated shadowing was assumed, and the technology used for organizing a multi-element system was the SIMO system, equipped with the maximum-ration combiner of the signal on the receiving side. To describe the characteristics of the information transfer process, an approach based on the higher-order statistics of the ergodic capacity was used. Closed-form analytical expressions for arbitrary-order capacity higher-order statistics were obtained for the channel model under consideration. The behavior of the first four statistics (ergodic capacity, its reliability, skewness and kurtosis coefficients) is analyzed depending on the channel parameters (the number of multipath propagation clusters, the ratio of power of the dominant components to the total power of multipath waves, the degree of shadowing of the dominant components, and the shadowing correlation coefficient). Within the framework of the study, 4 distinct situations of the assumed channel model behavior were considered, which significantly differ in their properties. It is noted that, in contrast to the capacity, its higher-order statistics are significantly more sensitive to the channel parameters and, as a result, are more significant indicators of fluctuations in the information transfer rate within the communication channel. The existence of a pronounced extremum (minimum) of the reliability ergodic capacity dependence from the signal-to-noise ratio was established. It should be accounted for in practical applications, when the requirements of the signal-to-noise ratio that guarantees the desired communication link quality are set.

Modulation, Detection, and Performance for Noncoherent Massive SIMO Systems for Hypersonic Vehicle Downlink Integrated Channel

For hypersonic flight, high-dynamic plasma sheaths surrounding vehicles deteriorate communication quality. In this work, hypersonic vehicle downlink integrated channels that cascade the plasma sheath channel and Rice fading channel are first established, and the probability density functions (PDFs) of the integrated channel amplitude and phase are derived theoretically. Then, a downlink SIMO system over the integrated channel is considered, including a single antenna transmitter and a single ground receiver equipped with a large number of antennas. For this system, a noncoherent telemetry scheme is proposed, a transmitter that modulates information only in the power of the symbols, and an adaptive maximum likelihood (ML) receiver which demodulates symbols using the PDF of the average received power (ARP) across the antennas. Motivated by the efficient power utilization, an asymptotically optimal constellation design in terms of symbol error rate (SER) with an increasing number of antennas is proposed, under an assumption that CSI statistics are available. The PDF of ARP is well estimated by a reduced reversible jump markov chain monte carlo (RRJ-MCMC) algorithm and used for symbol demodulation and achievable rate derivation. The numerical results demonstrate that the optimal constellation scheme outperforms the amplitude shift keying (ASK) constellation scheme and is robust against the plasma sheath attenuation with moderate antennas or a large line-of-sight (LOS) component.

Effective capacity analysis of SIMO system with MRC and SC over Inverse-Gamma shadowing

ABSTRACT Multiple antennas are usually employed to improve the performance of the wireless communication system. To this context, we derive the effective capacity (EC) expressions for Inverse Gamma (I-Gamma) shadowed fading channel, employing maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity schemes at the receiver (Rx) side. The channels are assumed to be independent and identical distributed (i.i.d.). In addition to this, we also propose the simplified high-power approximation that enables direct interpretation of the system performance concerning system fading parameters. Furthermore, to diminish the effect of shadowing over composite statistics, macroscopic diversity analysis is presented as an application, where Weibull, and I-Gamma models are used to obtain composite statistics. At last, we validate our proposed formulations through the Monte-Carlo simulation.

A Method of Fuzzy Algorithm in Controlling Ball and Beam through Simulation and Experiment

In this paper, we present a way to create fuzzy controller from LQR method by using ANFIS toolbox of Matlab. First, after proving the ability of stability of this SIMO system under LQR method in Matlab/Simulink, we create a fuzzy controller through ANFIS toolbox of Matlab. The data, which is used to train, is collected from responses of system under LQR controller. Also, we present a hardware platform of ball and beam system. Under this fuzzy controller, control quality of ball and beam is better than under LQR controller in both simulation and experiment.

Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers for Diversity Combined Signals in 6G Massive MIMO Receivers

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a statistical learning tool that was initially developed by Vapnik in 1979 and later developed to a more complex concept of structural risk minimization (SRM). SVM, as a supervised machine learning tool, is playing an increasing role in applications to detection problems in various engineering problems, notably in statistical signal processing, pattern recognition, image analysis, and 6G wireless communication networks. In this paper, SVM is applied to signal detection in 6G communication systems in the presence of channel noise in the form of fully developed Rayleigh multipath fading and receiver noise generalized as additive color Gaussian noise (ACGN). The structure and performance of SVM in terms of the bit error rate (BER) metric is derived and simulated for these advanced stochastic noise models and the computational complexity of the implementation, in terms of average computational time per bit, is also presented. The performance of SVM is then compared to conventional M-ary signaling optimal model-based detector driven by M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) modulation. We show that the SVM performance is superior to that of conventional detectors which require as much as 7 bits-coding (M≥128) to produce comparable results to those of SVM. Finally, the SVM-based detector is implemented in an uplink SIMO system using both Equal Gain Combiner (EGC) technique and Root Mean Square Gain Combiner (RMSGC) technique in which the later technique will be proven to be superior to the earlier.

Spatial Diversity Effect on the Experimental Gain of Capacity of the Outdoor Mobile Radio Channel in the 700 MHz Band

Abstract From measurements performed in the 700 MHz band, this paper analyzes the effect of spatial diversity on the channel capacity through the propagation of an OFDM mobile radio signal and compares with the results of a single branch providing what improvement of the capacity is attained with the SIMO system.

Capacity analysis & performance comparison of SISO, SIMO, MISO & MIMO systems

Today trade wireless communication systems are wanted to equip reliable communication and bigger data rates. Two considerable challenges in system design are the restricted fading and spectrum due to multipath components in the wireless system. Multiple transmission and reception can be used to form (MIMO) multiple input multiple output channels to raise the data rate and capacity. The advantages of utilizing multiple antennas are to get reliable performance and a higher data rate. In this paper, an attempt is made to design and simulate SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO systems. We have analyzed and compared the performance of these systems based on SNR and channel capacity in a different number of an antenna. The effect of the number of an antenna (4, 8, and 16) on the channel capacity over a range of SNR (0-30db) for the systems is examined. The system performance is simulated in Matlab. The results of the simulation show that as significant improvement in the capacity of systems reached dramatically to 214 (bits / Hz / Sec) when SNR = 30 and (16X16) MIMO is used.

A design of data driven control V-Tiger evaluating virtual time response like AI for SIMO system

A design of data driven control V-Tiger evaluating virtual time response like AI for SIMO system

Determination of heat treatment parameters by experiments and CALPHAD for precipitate hardening of Cr-Alloys with Si, Ge and Mo

Binary Cr–Si alloys as well as ternary Cr–Si-Ge and Cr–Si–Mo-systems on the Cr rich side of the phase diagram are examined at 1050 °C and 1350 °C regarding the maximum solubility in the bcc solid solution matrix and the A15-phase volume fraction. SEM, EDS and image analysis measurements showed, that the addition of 2 at.% Ge has the same effect on the A15-phase formation as Si but leads to a coarser microstructure. The addition of 2 at.% Mo leads to a decreased A15-phase volume fraction but a small-sized precipitate distribution. The maximum solubility of Si in the binary Cr–Si system is still not clear and has to be verified in further examinations. Thermo-Calc calculations showed, that a reduction of Si content and the addition of Ge and Mo is beneficial for an increase in the process window for solution heat treatment and a decrease of the solvus temperature.

Non-Coherent Massive SIMO System Based on M-DPSK for Rician Channels

In this paper, we propose a new constellation design for a non-coherent massive single input multiple output (m-SIMO) uplink system based on M-DPSK suitable for Rician channels. Under Rician propagation, the non-coherent systems proposed until now cannot completely remove the interference. This new design takes into account the inter user and inter symbol interferences in order to convert them into useful terms that help us in the non-coherent detection. We propose an algorithm to non coherently detect the joint symbol with the information from all users leveraging the characteristics of the new constellation. In addition, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is derived and is used to present analytical bounds for the symbol error rate. It is shown that the analytical results tightly match the numerical simulation. We show that with the proposed constellation and detection algorithm we are able to leverage the line-of-sight component of the Rician propagation, obtaining a better performance than with Rayleigh channels.