Similarity Construction Research Articles

Application of elastic transformation method and similarity construction method in solving ordinary differential equations

Application of elastic transformation method and similarity construction method in solving ordinary differential equations

From Restricted Equivalence Functions on $L^{n}$ to Similarity Measures Between Fuzzy Multisets

Restricted equivalence functions are well-known functions to compare two numbers in the interval between 0 and 1. Despite the numerous works studying the properties of restricted equivalence functions and their multiple applications as support for different similarity measures, an extension of these functions to an n-dimensional space is absent from the literature. In this paper, we present a novel contribution to the restricted equivalence function theory, allowing to compare multivalued elements. Specifically, we extend the notion of restricted equivalence functions from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and present a new similarity construction on <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Our proposal is tested in the context of color image anisotropic diffusion as an example of one of its many applications.

Accurate integration of multiple heterogeneous single-cell RNA-seq data sets by learning contrastive biological variation.

For most biological and medical applications of single-cell transcriptomics, an integrative study of multiple heterogeneous single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data sets is crucial. However, present approaches are unable to integrate diverse data sets from various biological conditions effectively because of the confounding effects of biological and technical differences. We introduce single-cell integration (scInt), an integration method based on accurate, robust cell-cell similarity construction and unified contrastive biological variation learning from multiple scRNA-seq data sets. scInt provides a flexible and effective approach to transfer knowledge from the already integrated reference to the query. We show that scInt outperforms 10 other cutting-edge approaches using both simulated and real data sets, particularly in the case of complex experimental designs. Application of scInt to mouse developing tracheal epithelial data shows its ability to integrate development trajectories from different developmental stages. Furthermore, scInt successfully identifies functionally distinct condition-specific cell subpopulations in single-cell heterogeneous samples from a variety of biological conditions.

Exact solutions of the linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients

This paper studies exact solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients. First, after a transformation, the linear equation is attribute to the Hukuhara equation and then it is solved by the similarity construction method. Then, the bright and dark soliton and exact solutions for the above nonlinear equation are obtained. Finally, the graphs of these exact solutions to the linear and nonlinear equations with k=1,2 are drew, respectively, which reveals that the essential profile of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients is determined by the corresponding linear equation.

Konstruksi Realitas Integritas Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dalam Pemberitaan Media Online

The aim of this research is to know the construction of the reality of the reporting on the integrity of the KPK from the framing of online media Kompas.com and Detik.com. The paradigm used is constructivist, with the Entman’s framing analysis method, which means that it is preceded by the assumption that reality tends to have multiple faces (multiple reality). Therefore, this research will have a theoretical contribution to the public's understanding about the construction of mass media reality, and public awareness that the aspects of corruption prevention must be started by the actors of KPK itself (the issue of integrity), as well as for strengthening the anti-graft institution. The results showed that the reality construction formed by excellent reputation media such as Kompas.com and Detik.com will gain high public trust, especially in disclosing information on important state institutions, such as KPK. The similarity construction is related to the public criticism and demand about the existence of KPK as Supervisory Board; on the contrary, it oftentimes still stained by the violation allegation of the ethical code of its leaders. Moreover, there was internal conflict, decreased performance and public pessimism. As for the difference, Kompas.com built a positive image by the KPK's actions in overseeing state institutions and investigating several cases, while Detik.com delivered content on sympathetic social action, coordination with regional leaders, appreciation for the existence of KPK by a popular state figure.

Studies on the genetic polymorphism of courgetti (Cucurbita pepo L.) accessions by ISSR analysis

Purpose. Identify genetic polymorphism and divergence of C. pepo L. varieties and hybrids of different geographical origin using ISSR markers.Methods. ISSR analysis was used to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of 29 C. pepo L. varieties and hybrids of different origin. The similarity coefficient between the investigated courgetti accessions was calculated by the Nei – Li’s formula. Calculating coefficients of similarity and phylogenetic tree construction was performed with the Phylip-3.69 software package. The cluster analysis was performed by the Neighbor-joining method. The validity of the accessions grouping into clusters was tested by bootstrap analysis.Results. The use of 13 primers in the intermicrosatellite regions revealed 129 loci of courgetti DNA, among them 109 were polymorphic, 20 were monomorphic, 11 were unique to certain accessions. Electrophoregrams of the amplification products of the investigated accessions differed in the number and size of the amplicons. High DNA polymorphism of the investigated courgetti accessions was found, which ranged from 62,5% (primer UBC 810) to 100% (primers UBC 2, UBC 3, and UBC 846). The level of molecular genetic polymorphism of courgetti accessions varied from 55,8 to 63,6% in the 'Rimini' and 'Eight Ball' hybrids correspondingly. Low genetic divergence was determined between the C. pepo L. specimens, the Nei – Li similarity coefficient was 0,0005–0,0092. Using the cluster analysis, courgetti accessions were grouped into two clusters. The main criterion for clustering was the level of genetic divergence. The geographical origin of the accessions did not affect the peculiarities of their grouping.Conclusions. The results of the study of courgetti accessions of different geographical origin using ISSR analysis revealed high genetic polymorphism and little genetic divergence between the experimental accessions. Unique DNA fragments have been identified and can be used for the certification of relevant samples, as well as for the development of other molecular genetic markers. The obtained information may be useful for optimizing the courgetti breeding process and for further studies in the molecular genetics of this culture.

Why a standard IAT effect cannot provide evidence for association formation: the role of similarity construction

ABSTRACTMoran and Bar-Anan (Moran, T., & Bar-Anan, Y. (2013). The effect of object-valence relations on automatic evaluation. Cognition and Emotion, 27(4), 743–752) demonstrated that evaluations on a direct measure reflected information on both US valence and CS-US relations, whereas evaluations on an indirect measure (IAT) reflected only information on US valence. This dissociation between measures supposedly tapping into propositional and associative processes apparently supports dual process models of EC. In the present study, we present an alternative explanation of this pattern, based on an interpretation of IAT effects in terms of flexible similarity construction processes. According to this account, processing draws on those features that discriminate between target categories, and help to align targets with attributes in the compatible block. Across two experiments, we consistently found that IAT effects did not reflect rigid associations, but instead depended on whichever information could be used for similarity constructions between targets and attributes in different variants of the IAT. The findings are discussed with regard to theoretical models of EC as well as in reference to prominent accounts of IAT performance.

Analysis of oil and gas flow characteristics in the reservoir with the elastic outer boundary

In the light of the idealization of the outer boundary conditions (infinite, constant pressure and closed) of the conventional homogeneous reservoir model, the paper introduces the elastic outer boundary conditions and establishes the percolation model of homogeneous reservoir. By combining Laplace transforms with the Similarity Construction Method, the solutions of the percolation model of homogeneous reservoir can be obtained in Laplace space. The solutions are inverted into real space with the Stehfest numerical inversion method. In addition, the characteristic curves are drawn, and the impacts of the variation of the main parameters on the curves are analyzed. The results show that the conventional three kinds of outer boundary conditions are actually three special cases of elastic outer boundary. The pressure curve under the elastic outer boundary is between the pressure curve of the constant pressure outer boundary and the closed outer boundary, and the curves above exhibit affine similarities. In this paper, the elastic outer boundary condition is introduced not only to enlarge the range of data interpretation, but also to reflect the real situation of the outer boundary of oil and gas reservoir (Strict closed and constant pressure boundaries rarely exist in real reservoirs). The similarity construction theory greatly simplifies the complicated process of solving the model, which will have a profound influence on the development of the well test analysis software in the future.

A New Probabilistic Representation of Color Image Pixels and Its Applications.

This paper proposes a novel probabilistic representation of color image pixels (PRCI) and investigates its applications to similarity construction in motion estimation and image segmentation problems. The PRCI explores the mixture representation of the input image(s) as prior information and describes a given color pixel in terms of its membership in the mixture. Such representation greatly simplifies the estimation of the probability density function from limited observations and allows us to derive a new probabilistic pixel-wise similarity measure based on the continuous domain Bhattacharyya coefficient. This yields a convenient expression of the similarity measure in terms of the pixel memberships. Furthermore, this pixel-wise similarity is extended to measure the similarity between two image regions. The usefulness of the proposed pixel/region-wise similarities is demonstrated by incorporating them respectively in a dense image descriptor-based multi- layered motion estimation problem and an unsupervised image segmentation problem. Experimental results show that i) the integration of the proposed pixel-wise similarity in dense image-descriptor construction yields improved peak signal to noise ratio performance and higher tracking accuracy in the multi-layered motion estimation problem, and ii) the proposed similarity measures give the best performance in terms of all quantitative measurements in the unsupervised superpixel- based image segmentation of the MSRC and BSD300 datasets.

Interspecific Transferability of Watermelon EST-SSRs Assessed by Genetic Relationship Analysis of Cucurbitaceous Crops

본 연구는 수박의 EST-SSR 마커를 이용하여, 네 개의 주요 박과(Cucurbitaceae) 작물인 수박, 호박, 오이, 멜론의 유연 관계를 분석하고 마커의 타 박과 작물에 활용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. Cucurbit Genomics Initiative(ICuGI) database로부터 선발된 120 EST-SSR 프라이머 중 51(49.17%)가 PCR이 성공하였고, 49(40.8%)가 8개 박과 유전자원에서 다형성을 보였다. 총 24개 박과 유전자원을 24개 EST-SSR 프라이머로 분석한 결과 총 382개 대립유전자 특이적 PCR 밴드를 얻었으며, 이를 토대로 짝유사행렬과 계통도를 작성하였다. 짝유사행렬의 범위는 0.01-0.85였으며, 작성된 계통도에서 24개 유전자원이 두 개의 주요그룹(Clade I, II)으로 분류되었다. Clade I은 다시 수박으로 구성된 하위집단 I-1[I-1a, I-1b-2: 각 1개와 2수박 야생종(Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Mats. & Nakai)으로 구성, I-1b-1: 6개수박 재배종(Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris Schrad.)로 구성]과 멜론과 오이로 구성된 하위집단I-2[I-2a-1: 4개 멜론 재배종(Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin.), I-2a-2: 2개 참외 재배종(Cucumis melo var. conomon Makino.), I-2b: 5개 오이 재배종(Cucumis sativus L.)]로 분류되었다. 호박으로 구성된 Clade II는 다시 Cucurbita moschata(Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. & Poir와 Cucurbita maxima Duch.로 구성된 하위집단 II-1과 Cucurbita pepo L.과 Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche로 구성된 하위집단 II-2로 나누어졌다. 이러한 결과는 기존의 종명법에 따른 분류와 일치하며, 따라서 수박 EST-SSR 마커를 이용한 타 박과 작물의 비교 유전체 등 연구분야에 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. This study was performed to analyze genetic relationships of the four major cucurbitaceous crops including watermelon, melon, cucumber, and squash/pumpkin. Among 120 EST-SSR primer sets selected from the International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (ICuGI) database, PCR was successful for 51 (49.17%) primer sets and 49 (40.8%) primer sets showed polymorphisms among eight Cucurbitaceae accessions. A total of 382 allele-specific PCR bands were produced by 49 EST-SSR primers from 24 Cucurbitaceae accessions and used for analysis of pairwise similarity and dendrogram construction. Assessment of the genetic relationships resulted in similarity indexes ranging from 0.01 to 0.85. In the dendrogram, 24 Cucurbitaceae accessions were classified into two major groups (Clade I and II) and 8 subgroups. Clade I comprised two subgroups, Clade I-1 for watermelon accessions [I-1a and I-1b-2: three wild-type watermelons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Mats. & Nakai), I-1b-1: six watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris S chrad.)] a nd C lade I -2 for melon and cucumber accessions [I-2a-1 : 4 melon cultivars(Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin.), I-2a-2: oriental melon cultivars (Cucumis melo var. conomon Makino.), and I-2b: five cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.)]. Squash and pumpkin accessions composed Clade II {II-1: two squash/ pumpkin cultivars [Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.)/Duch. & Poir. and Cucurbita maxima Duch.] and II-2: two squash/pumpkin cultivars, Cucurbita pepo L./Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche.}. These results were in accordance with previously reported classification of Cucurbitaceae species, indicating that watermelon EST-SSRs show a high level of marker transferability and should be useful for genetic study in other cucurbit crops.

The Design and Implementation of a Novel Distributed Multi-Sensor Information Fusion Simulation System

The large number of “false” targets, which are commonly faced by the aviators in real battlefields, will deteriorate the efficiency and initiative of the campaign. To detect and remove these “false” targets, a novel tracking simulation system is presented in this paper. As the key part of a multi-sensor information fusion simulation system, this tracking simulation sub-system consists of tracking pre-processing, tracking association, tracking fusion and tracking management modules. In the tracking association module, a multi-factors fuzzy synthetic evaluation (MFFSE) approach is adopted, and decision is made through common factors extraction, fuzzy synthetic function selection, fuzzy evaluation set construction and similarity construction. The architecture of the system, the process of information processing process, as well as design and implementation of algorithm are discussed in detail. Simulations are also performed, and it is verified that the multi-factors fuzzy synthetic evaluation based track-association method can remove the “false” targets effectively and improve the quality of object tracking significantly. Besides, the distributed multi-sensor information fusion simulation system presented here can act as a universal verification platform for different track association algorithm evaluation.

Screening, identifying and medium optimization of a lipase-producing filamentous fungus from soil for high chiral resolution of 1-phenylethanol

The kinetic resolution of racemates by biocatalysis is one of the major routes to manufacture optically pure compounds. Lipase-producing microorganisms were screened from soil for chiral resolution of 1-phenylethanol in the study. One microorganism with high chiral resolution ability was isolated and identified as Rhizopusstolonifer by the sequence similarity analysis and construction of phylogenetic tree. The media for the microorganism were optimized using Plackeet-Burman, Steepest Ascent and Box-Benhnken experiments. After optimization, the composition of the optimized medium used for lipase production was as follows: soluble starch (7.60 g/L), yeast extract (22.59 g/L), K2HPO4 (5.55 g/)L, NH4Cl (1.80 g/L), MgSO4·7H2O (2.40 g/L), NaCl (1.00 g/L), olive oil (25.00 mL/L), Tween-80 8.00 (mL/L), pH 4.59, and the lipase activity increased nearly by 2.04-fold, from 0.46 to 1.40 U/mL. The optimization was significant for the isolation and purification of the lipase and for the research of enzymatic characteristics. Key words: Screening, lipase, identification, Rhizopus stolonifer; optimization, 1-phenylethanol.

An ontology-based evidential framework for video indexing using high-level multimodal fusion

This paper deals with information retrieval and semantic indexing of multimedia documents. We propose a generic scheme combining an ontology-based evidential framework and high-level multimodal fusion, aimed at recognising semantic concepts in videos. This work is represented on two stages: First, the adaptation of evidence theory to neural network, thus giving Neural Network based on Evidence Theory (NNET). This theory presents two important information for decision-making compared to the probabilistic methods: belief degree and system ignorance. The NNET is then improved further by incorporating the relationship between descriptors and concepts, modeled by a weight vector based on entropy and perplexity. The combination of this vector with the classifiers outputs, gives us a new model called Perplexity-based Evidential Neural Network (PENN). Secondly, an ontology-based concept is introduced via the influence representation of the relations between concepts and the ontological readjustment of the confidence values. To represent this relationship, three types of information are computed: low-level visual descriptors, concept co-occurrence and semantic similarities. The final system is called Ontological-PENN. A comparison between the main similarity construction methodologies are proposed. Experimental results using the TRECVid dataset are presented to support the effectiveness of our scheme.

Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals for nonexceptional types

We provide combinatorial models for all Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals of nonexceptional type, which were recently shown to exist. For types D n ( 1 ) , B n ( 1 ) , A 2 n − 1 ( 2 ) we rely on a previous construction using the Dynkin diagram automorphism which interchanges nodes 0 and 1. For type C n ( 1 ) we use a Dynkin diagram folding and for types A 2 n ( 2 ) , D n + 1 ( 2 ) a similarity construction. We also show that for types C n ( 1 ) and D n + 1 ( 2 ) the analog of the Dynkin diagram automorphism exists on the level of crystals.

Similarity, interpolation, and fuzzy rule construction

A method for the construction of fuzzy concepts and fuzzy if-then rules based on similarity and paradigmatic examples is presented. It is shown that all normal fuzzy sets may be realized as the interpolation of paradigmatic examples by a similarity relation. The class of fuzzy if-then rules that may be obtained by interpolation, however, is a proper subset of the rules definable by disjunctive combination.

Electrophoretic studies of Botrytis species

Soluble protein extracts from sclerotia of 30 isolates of Botrytis were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Staining patterns were obtained for total protein, arylesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the data used for calculation of similarity matrices and construction of dendrograms by computerized classificatory techniques. The 19 isolates of B. cinerea examined formed a single, well-defined cluster, clearly distinct from the remainder of the isolates, which formed five clusters corresponding to the species B. aclada, B. fabae, B. gladiolorum, B. tulipae, and B. viciae.

Chemical relationships between firs of Japan and Taiwan

Cortical essential oil from Abies sachalinensis, A. veitchii, A. mariesii, A. firma, A. homolepis, and A. Kawakamii was analyzed for its mono and sesquiterpenoid constituents. Qualitatively the essential oils were similar to those from the New World firs. Using percent composition of monoterpenoid hydrocarbons, it was possible to completely separate most of the mentioned taxa from each other. A method was developed for calculation of similarity coefficients and construction of taxonomic structure on the basis of biosynthetic relationships between individual components of cortical oleoresin. The resulting chemosystematic dendrograms reflected similarity in material flow through various biosynthetic intermediates and paralleled in many features the morphological similarity relationships between the species studied.