Similar Sounds Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI METODE SIMA’AN Al-QUR’AN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HAFALAN SANTRI PUTRI PONDOK PESANTREN MAHASISWA AL-HIKAM MALANG

The Qur'anic sima'an method is used to maintain and strengthen the memorization of the Qur'an, so that the memorization is maintained and smooth. In sima'an activities, memorizers can mark verses that have similar sounds, making it easier for them to remember and compare. Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Al-Hikam Malang applies this method to help tahfidz students maintain their memorization. This study aims to describe the implementation of the sima'an Al-Qur'an method in improving the memorization of female tahfidz students in this pesantren, as well as identifying the supporting and inhibiting factors. Using a qualitative approach, this study collected data through interviews, observations, and documentation with data sources from ustadzah, administrators, and female tahfidz students. Analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, and data validity is guaranteed by source triangulation. The results showed that the sima'an method was applied through ziyadah sima'an, muraja'ah, and joint sima'an activities. Supporting factors include self, parental support, ustadzah guidance, the role of administrators, strong intentions, and remembering the time of sima'an. The inhibiting factors include lack of accuracy, looking at the Mushaf when memorizing, laziness, the influence of cellphones, rushing, difficulty managing time, and mutasyabihat verses

Towards automated detection of the endangered southern black-throated finch (Poephila cincta cincta)

Context Biodiversity is declining worldwide, with many species decreasing in both number and range. Acoustic monitoring is rapidly becoming a common survey method in the ecologist’s toolkit that may aid in the conservation of endangered species, but effective analysis of long-duration audio recordings is still challenging. Aims The aims of this study were to: (1) develop and test call recognisers for the endangered southern black-throated finch (Poephila cincta cincta) as well as the similar sounding, but non-endangered, double-barred finch (Taeniopygia bichenovii); and (2) compare the ability of these recognisers to detect these species with that of on-ground bird surveys at under-surveyed locations in the Desert Uplands bioregion which is at the edge of the known range of the black-throated finch. Methods A range of convolutional neural network call recognition models were built and tested for both target species, before being deployed over new audio recordings collected at 25 sites during 2020, 2021 and 2022, and compared with the results of on-ground bird surveys at those same sites. Key results Call recognisers for both species performed well on test datasets from locations in the same area as the training data with an average area under the precision-recall curve (PRAUC) of 0.82 for black-throated finch and 0.87 for double-barred finch. On-ground bird surveys in the Desert Uplands bioregion detected black-throated finches at two locations in different years, and our call recognisers confirmed this with minimal post-validation of detections. Similar agreement between methods were obtained for the double-barred finch, with site occupancy in the Desert Uplands bioregion confirmed with audio recognition in all nine surveys with on-ground detections, as well as during four additional surveys that had no on-ground detections. Conclusions Using call recognisers to survey new locations for black-throated finch presence was equally successful as on-ground surveys, and with further refinements, such as retraining models with examples of commonly misclassified vocalisations added to the training data, minimal validation should be required to detect site presence. Implications Acoustic monitoring should be considered as a valuable tool to be used alongside manual surveys to allow effective monitoring and conservation of this endangered species.

Diffusion-based diverse audio captioning with retrieval-guided Langevin dynamics

Audio captioning, a comprehensive task of audio understanding, aims to provide a natural-language description of an audio clip. Beyond accuracy, diversity is also a critical requirement for this task. Human-produced captions possess rich variability due to the ambiguity of audio semantics (such as insects buzzing and electrical humming making similar sounds) and the existence of subjective judgments (metaphor, affections, etc.). However, current diverse audio captioning systems fail to produce captions with near-human diversity. Recently, diffusion models have demonstrated the potential to generate data with diversity while maintaining decent accuracy, yet they have not been explored in audio captioning. On the other hand, diffusion models tend to have low generation accuracy and fluency on text data. Directly applying diffusion models to audio captioning tasks may aggravate this problem due to the small size of annotated datasets and the mutable supervision target caused by the variability in human-produced captions. In this work, we propose a diffusion-based diverse audio captioning model by incorporating the BART language model into the diffusion model for better utilization of the pre-trained linguistic knowledge. We also propose a retrieval-guided Langevin dynamics module, which enables dynamic run-time alignment between generated captions and the target audio. Extensive experiments on standard audio captioning benchmark datasets (Clotho and AudioCaps) demonstrate that our model can achieve better performance on both accuracy and diversity metrics compared with state-of-the-art diverse audio captioning systems. The implementation is available at https://github.com/AI4MyBUPT/DACRLD.

The Process of Absorbing Arabic Sounds into the Sounds of the Minangkabau language: Phonological Study | ʿamaliyyat imtiṣāṣ al-ʾaṣwāt al-ʿarabiyyah fī ʾaṣwāt al-lughah al-mīnānjakābūiyyah: dirāsah fūnūlūjiyyah

This research explores the absorption of Arabic into the Minangkabau language, known as Minangization, focusing on the changes in vowel and consonant sounds. Using the agih method, which analyzes language through substitution, the study detects shifts in Arabic words within the Minangkabau language. Data analysisemploys translational equivalent techniques using both primary and secondary data. The findings reveal that most Minangkabau vocabulary derived from Arabic is absorbed through four patterns: dissimilation (similar sounds becoming less similar), diphthongization (single vowel sounds becoming diphthongs), anaptic (insertion of additional sounds), and zeroization, which includes apheresis (removal of phonemes at the beginning of a word), syncope (removal of phonemes in the middle), and apocope (removal of phonemes at the end). These findings facilitate Minangkabau students' study of both their native language and the Quran.

The effect of teaching the alphabet with onomatopoeia on writing skills in Turkish lessons for foreigners

One of the difficulties in teaching Turkish, which is a phonetically rich language, to foreigners, is that similar sounds are often confused with each other. Since even a single punctuation mark is crucial for writing and reading Turkish letters (ı-i, o-ö, u-ü, c-ç, g-ğ, s-ş, etc.), students who use the Arabic alphabet have great difficulty writing and pronouncing Turkish words correctly. The difficulties that foreigners have in spelling vowels (ı-i, o-ö, u-ü) and consonants (c-ç, g-ğ, m-n, s-ş) when learning Turkish also have a negative impact on their writing and speaking skills. Especially in essay writing classes, students often misspell words, which makes it necessary to determine and implement more effective strategies in alphabet lessons. When teaching the Turkish alphabet, it is of great importance that the teacher uses “onomatopoeia,” which is considered an important feature of Turkish, to overcome this problem. In this study, the effect of onomatopoeia, the word corresponding to sounds in nature, on writing skills in Turkish classes for foreigners was investigated. This study, taken from a class of nine students at the Afyon Kocatepe University Turkish Language Teaching Centre at A1 level in the semesters of 2013–2014, was based on the analysis of three essays written by the students before and after studying onomatopoeia. The analysis of the data revealed that teaching the alphabet with onomatopoeic words was effective for the students in terms of the letters whose spellings were confused with each other and made a significant contribution to the writing skills of foreigners.

Обучение хорватских учащихся лексике русского языка с опорой на родной язык

This article discusses the main reasons underlying the difficulties and errors experienced by Croatian native speakers in mastering the lexical structure of another Slavic language, specifically Russian, in the initial stage of learning. The author's attention is focused on the student’s substitution of meanings of lexical units in Russian with words of the native language, due to interlingual or linguistic paronymy. In teaching Russian to Croatian native speakers, it is important to maintain the thematic and situational principle of teaching, the principle of sufficiency, and the principle of relying on the mother tongue. This paper provides examples of effective vocabulary mastering: the use of visual clarity, reliance on similar sounding words in the native language, internationalisms, archaisms, application of the tacit (implicit) knowledge mechanism, unconscious reliance on equivalent, similar sounding words from close South Slavic languages, particularly Serbian and Slovenian (as positive interference). Attention is focused on the development of logical thinking and independence, the correct use of the dictionary, and working with audio recordings and video materials. The article focuses on words with connotative meaning, linguocultural lexis, non-equivalent and partially equivalent lexis, and speech etiquette.

The Justification of Urdu Letters with Similar Sounds and Diacritics

Urdu script is derived from the Arabic script but Urdu differs from Arabic in its nature and unlike Arabic some sounds are pronounced like each other. Due to that some experts object to Urdu script and suggest the removal of letters with similar sounds. But the removal of these letters can create many complexities and difficulties which cannot be resolved. These eight specific sounds of Urdu are common to Pakistani languages ​​such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Kashmiri, and other local languages. How is it possible to exclude these words from all these languages? These sounds are the valuable capital of world languages ​​like Persian and Arabic. With this collaboration, Urdu emerges as a great global and scientific language. By removing these letters, Urdu will suffer a great loss in terms of knowledge. There will be an encounter, which cannot be compensated. In short, this change is not feasible in context with Urdu historical background and present linguistic geographical condition. The Urdu script is non- diacritical in its nature and diacritics in Urdu are not arranged in the same way as in Arabic. However, it is necessary to organize the essential diacritics in the basic textbooks. This article argues and analyses the justification of Urdu letters with similar sounds and diacritics in detail.

TV 예능 프로그램 자막에 나타난 언어유희의 표현 양상과 한국어교육

The purpose of this study is to analyze the linguistic levels and functions of language play in the subtitles of TV entertainment programs, which have not been well studied in the field of language education, and to suggest pedagogical implications. For this purpose, 475 subtitles containing language plays in 36 TV entertainment programs were extracted and categorized into the following types: Use of homophones and similar sounds, Sound repetition, Syllable substitution and addition, Transformation of existing texts, Utilize the spacing, Antithesis, Three-line acrostic poem, Use of homophones and polysemy, use of Chinese characters, abbreviations and Paraphrasing, visual pun. As a result, we found that in addition to its basic function of making people laugh, language play in subtitles also plays a role in drawing the viewer's attention and emphasizing the content to be conveyed, and even in covertly presenting sensitive or taboo expressions. Based on these findings, we concluded that language humor in subtitles can be used to enhance learners' linguistic and cultural knowledge, meta-linguistic awareness and multimodal literacy, and can be used as a language assessment tool.

Empirical research in early infancy language acquisition: A nonsystematic review of literature

This paper unsystematically reviewed the journal publications written in English in the period from 2010 to 2020 on the topic of early infancy language acquisition. The review was through two aspects: language comprehension, and language production. Additionally, this paper also reviewed several frequently used and new research methods and tools. For early infancy language comprehension, empirical studies found evidences on infants’ comprehension of words’ meaning through sounds, especially the comprehension of nouns, the latter was proven to have relevance with nouns’ familiarity and cross-word relations in the nouns. Besides, empirical studies found evidences on infants’ distinguishment between concrete words and abstract concepts. An important factor to influence infancy language comprehension is the social environment that the baby was exposed to, mainly the mother’s speech and her daily life routine (for example, her work). For early infancy language production, empirical studies found evidences on infants’ ability to associate similar sounds with different objects, and measurement for infants’ language outputs were brought forward in another empirical study. Empirical studies also found infants’ language outputs match to words and objects from the environment. Lastly, this paper reviewed the most frequently used technical methods: fMRI and fNIRS technology for investigating neural mechanisms of infancy language processing. There are other new research methods, include large-sample database analysis and quantitative modeling, corpus analysis, language inputs sampling, language model for infancy language acquisition.

Historic British Royal Memes

Historic British Royal Memes

Where does the gamma go?: Acoustics of the non-labialized voiced velar approximant in Tlingit

The acoustic properties of the voiced velar approximant [ɰ] are poorly characterized, partly from understudy of relevant languages and partly from uncertainty about the sound itself. We investigate this sound in Tlingit, a critically endangered indigenous language of northwestern North America, where [ɰ] contrasts with labialized [w] and palatal [j] in some dialects but not in others where it was lost through sound change (reductive primary split with merge). We use audio recordings of spoken narratives spanning much of the 20th century from speakers with and without [ɰ] to characterize this sound both dialectally and diachronically. We measure formants (f1–f3) to identify place information, amplitude for oral aperture, and harmonic-to-noise ratio for manner. Existing descriptions and phonological patterns predict that [ɰ] is an approximant and not a fricative so we compare against known approximants for differences in turbulence and spectral properties. We also compare against labialized sounds including contrastive [w] for absence of lowered f3 to exclude lip rounding in [ɰ]. We argue that it is the intersection of these acoustic cues that distinguishes [ɰ] from similar sounds, but that these cues are unstable so that dialectal sound change arises from misperception in perturbations of their production.

Aircraft-Produced Sonic Booms and Marine Life

With the advent of new-age supersonic aircraft such as NASA’s X-59, Boom Supersonic’s Overture, and Spike Aerospace’s S-512, there is an emergent need to investigate their environmental consequences. This review evaluates existing research and information to determine what is currently known about supersonic aircraft and their potential impacts on marine life through a three-step process. 1) Determining possible characteristics of sonic booms produced by the aircraft: the aircraft being evaluated in this article produce low-frequency (0.1-100 Hz) sounds with surface PLdBs (perceived surface loudness decibel levels) around 70-75 dB. 2) Assessing the behavior of similar sounds as they interact with the ocean: sonic booms have been observed to penetrate the ocean for 98-164 ft, but this depth can vary due to differences between the experimental and real-life flight conditions. A separate effect, produced by sonic booms’ contact with the ocean surface, may penetrate deeper as infrasound. 3) Evaluating the potential consequences of these sounds on marine life: the continuous production of sonic booms along flight paths worldwide raises concerns about possible noise pollution, adding to the existing issue of oceanic anthropogenic noise pollution. Existing literature on underwater noise pollution—with similar frequencies and comparable intensities—shows negative impacts on marine reproduction, communication, stress levels, and physical health. This review contributes to broader ongoing discussions surrounding the resurgence of supersonic aviation and its environmental impact. Further research is necessary to assess the impact that transoceanic supersonic flight could have on marine ecosystems to truly determine supersonic flight’s environmental footprint.

Rhythmic Vitality: Traditional Aesthetics and the Theoretical Vision of Contemporary Chinese Film Aesthetics

Abstract For Chinese films, the ideal of “rhythmic vitality” (气韵生动, Qiyun Shengdong) pursued by traditional aesthetics is of great significance. Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy stress the pace of flowing (“similar sounds integrate”) and the rhythm of harmony (“different sounds correspond to each other”). Correspondingly, the aesthetic ideal of rhythmic vitality refers to the awareness of life produced by the cinematic medium during its evolution. However, compared with the aesthetic developments that characterize western cinema, Chinese films should not be content with its current approach, which largely disregards this particular aesthetic ideal. Rhythmic vitality originates from a unique national cosmology and methodology, beginning with the resemblances between appearances and spirit and resulting with the “primordial qi” (元气, Yuanqi) that constitutes all living creatures. It signifies the special aesthetic connection between humans and nature, whereby each are subjects of one another and in complete harmony. Arguably, this aesthetic ideal avoids the subject–object dichotomy of western thought that has prevailed since modern times. Additionally, the unique quality of cinema’s rhythmic vitality involves the use of special footage. Practically, through the use of large (small humans in wider landscape), full (the scene), far (the distance), and long-lens cameras for scenarios depicting intense emotion or conflict, cinema may render the holistic ideal of rhythmic vitality.

Experimental Study on the Acoustic Characteristics of “Similar” Vowels in Mandarin Learners

Abstract The rapid globalization of regions with different languages necessitates more advanced non-native tongue proficiency among individuals who need to communicate across language barriers. To deal with this demand, the research conducts a comparative analysis of the acoustic features of similar sounds between standard Mandarin (L2) and Mandarin spoken by Uyghurs (L1). Flege’s Speech Learning Model as well as Lado’s Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis serve as the foundation for this study. First, an acoustic analysis of Mandarin Chinese vowels produced via Uyghur and native Mandarin speakers is carried out. Ten Mandarin speakers and ten Uyghur Chinese speakers were compared with respect to word-level productions, and the 1st, 2nd formant frequencies (F1, F2) for Mandarin vowels were studied. The comparative acoustic analysis results show that the production of four ‘similar’ vowels by male and female Uyghur Chinese speakers differs significantly from native Mandarin speakers. Second, the following features are seen when native Mandarin speakers and Uyghur Chinese speakers compare their vowel spaces: Uyghur speakers’ vowels have a lower F1, which means that their overall vowel space distribution is surpassing that of Chinese speakers’. Thirdly, the Euclidean Distance analysis of monophthongs produced via Uyghur as well as Mandarin Chinese speakers reveals a gender-specific applicability of the Speech Learning Model. While the model successfully explains the production of Mandarin monophthongs by Uyghur female speakers, it falls short in accounting for the production patterns observed in Uyghur male speakers. The research findings of this thesis contribute a new direction to future developments in research aimed at improving speech recognition and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) systems.

Phonological similarity judgments of word pairs reflect sensitivity to large-scale structure of the phonological lexicon.

Network analyses of the phonological mental lexicon show that words are clustered into communities and phonologically dissimilar words can be connected to each other through distant paths. Here we investigate whether behavioral traces of the large-scale structure of the phonological lexicon can be obtained. Participants listened to pairs of spoken words and made phonological similarity judgments for word pairs with varying path lengths and community membership. Path length in the phonological network represented the number of steps needed to traverse from one word to another word in the phonological network. Word pairs were either from the same phonological community or from different communities. Results indicated that participants were sensitive to large-scale structure of the phonological lexicon. Word pairs residing in the same community were more likely rated as similar sounding than word pairs from different communities. Word pairs with longer path lengths were less likely rated as similar sounding than word pairs with shorter path lengths. Computational simulations suggested that the behavioral findings could be accounted for via a spreading activation mechanism implemented on the phonological network. Taken together, our results provide converging evidence that people are sensitive to the large-scale structure of the phonological language network and have implications for our understanding of the nature of phonological similarity representations in the mental lexicon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Fundamentals of Phonology: Understanding the Sounds of a Language in Simple Ways

Phonology is a branch of linguistics that studies the sound system of language. Although it is a complex field, a basic understanding of phonology can help individuals understand and analyze simple language sounds. This abstract aims to present a brief description of the basics of phonology and the importance of understanding phonological principles in linguistic studies. We explore basic concepts such as phonemes, allophones, and phonological rules in forming the sound system of a language. In this abstract, we also underscore the importance of phonology in language teaching and learning. Phonological understanding can help language learners recognize and distinguish similar sounds with different meanings. Through an emphasis on a simplistic approach, this abstract provides a basic understanding that could be used as a foundation for those interested in studying phonology without engaging in complex empirical research. This research was based on a comprehensive literature review of the foundations of phonology. This approach does not involve empirical research or the collection of new primary data but gathers information from relevant secondary sources such as textbooks, academic journals, online articles, and other trusted sources.

A cross sectional survey of nurses’ reasons for medication errors at private multispecialty hospitals in Madurai, India

Abstract Introduction Healthcare services should eliminate errors, but any human-involved tasks are prone to error and healthcare is no exception.1 Medication errors are possible in hospitals though they should be eliminated with utmost care. Such medication errors would lead to an increased fatality rate, the emergence of new diseases, increased mediation costs and extended hospital stays.2,3 Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to classify and to identify the reasons for medication error as reported by the nurses and the impact of the collaborative work of Nurses, Pharmacists and Doctors in reducing medication errors and improving patient safety. Methods An exploratory (cross-sectional) study was conducted to classify and to identify the reasons for medication error among 474 nurses working in private multispecialty hospitals in Madurai between January to May 2023. The data for the study was collected using a questionnaire which included demographic variables and questions on medication errors. The questionnaire was filled through a one-to-one interview method and the data collected were analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results The results of analyses done using SPSS revealed that 58.2% of nurses reported having made medication errors and 88.4% of them said they had reported these immediately on the occurrence of such errors to their nursing superintendents. The most common type of medication errors reported were wrong infusion rates and wrong medicines, especially for medicines with similar sounding names (sound-alike drugs). Lack of awareness of the causes of medication errors was found to be the major reason for the occurrence of such errors in hospitals. The analyses showed that there was a significant relationship between age, years of experience and medication errors. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the greater the age and experience, the lesser the occurrence of medication errors. However, there was no significant relationship between working shifts and medication errors. The findings also highlighted that the greater the number of patients in the ward, the higher the error in oral administration of drugs. The finding reveals that teamwork between nurses, pharmacists and doctors was reported to help to drastically reduce the number of errors. Discussion/Conclusion Whilst a small-scale study only and reliant on accurate self-reporting, the findings suggest that not all nurses report medication errors, which could result in adverse outcomes for patients. Hence the nursing managers or nursing superintendents should encourage nurses to report medication errors to ensure patient safety. The findings also suggest that collaborative work between nurses, pharmacists, and doctors can reduce medication errors, hence collaborative work and appointing clinical Pharmacists is important to reducing medication errors.

Bioacoustics supports genus identification in piranhasa).

In different teleost species, sound production can utilize specific coding schemes to avoid confusion between species during communication. Piranhas are vocal Neotropical fishes, and both Pygocentrus and Serrasalmus produce similar pulsed sounds using the same sound-producing mechanism. In this study, we analysed the sounds of three Pygocentrus and nine Serrasalmus species to determine whether sounds can be used to discriminate piranha species at both the species and genus levels. Our analysis of temporal and frequency data supports the idea that the sounds of Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus species are species specific, and that different acoustic features can be used to differentiate taxa at the genus level. Specifically, the sounds of Serrasalmus species are shorter, louder, and have a shorter pulse period (as determined after correction for standard length). This suggests that sounds can be used to support taxonomy at the genus level as well as the species level.

The effect of angular disparity between sound source sequences on the perceptual organization of auditory objects

Within auditory scene analysis is a well-known streaming phenomenon which is observed when listeners group several sounds into “auditory objects” in complex auditory scenes. When two auditory sequences consist of similar sounds, these sequences tend to be perceived as a single stream, but can form segregated streams when the sounds are presented from disparate angles. This study investigated the tolerance thresholds for the angular disparity at which the sound sources would segregate rather than group together into single auditory objects, when 50-ms one-third octave bands of noise were presented in the horizontal plane with changing azimuth angle. Listeners were asked to judge whether the presented noise sequences were perceived as a single stream or not. The results revealed that listeners tend to perceive the presented sequences as a single stream when the angular disparity between noises was small; however, these tolerance thresholds depended on the spatial region within which the sequences were presented. Tolerance thresholds became large when the noise sequences were presented from the side, in comparison to the situation when sequences were presented from in front of the listeners. Results were consistent with the minimum audible angle on the horizontal plane.

Wordplay in 1 Corinthians

Abstract This essay provides the first attempt at a complete inventory and assessment of the use of wordplay in 1 Corinthians. It is organized by attending to the various linguistic features that are exploited to create wordplays. These include the use of different lexemes based on the same root (i.e., sharing etymology; compound words) used in close proximity; the use of the same lexeme but with different meanings in different genders, used in close proximity to exploit the euphony; the use of the same word/lexeme with different meanings in close proximity; the use of the same word with the same meaning twice in close proximity but in a context that plays on an inversion or twist while also exploiting the soundplay; and the use of different lexemes with similar sounds employed for the sake of the surprising rhetorical effect of connecting the two words. It also analyses the kinds of wordplay opportunities that each linguistic feature tends to provide or create. Additionally, it discusses the challenges that different wordplays create for translation (with a focus on translation into English). In the process, the ubiquity and significance of wordplays in 1 Corinthians is demonstrated.