Similar Genera Research Articles

Natal factors influencing newborn's oral microbiome diversity.

The early microbiota of neonates is crucial for developing the postnatal immune system and establishing normal physiological, metabolic, and neurological functions. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the diversity of the neonatal oral microbiome, including mother-to-newborn microbial transmission. The study includes a prospective cohort comprising 73 mothers and 87 neonates and a retrospective cohort comprising 991 mothers and 1,121 neonates. Samples from the maternal cervix and neonatal gastric, bronchial, and oral cavities were analyzed using culture-based methods. Neonatal oral swab samples were also analyzed using16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial diversity and composition. Similar genera were detected in the neonatal gastric, bronchial, and oral samples, and the neonatal gastric culture was the most similar to the maternal cervical culture. In addition to mother-to-newborn microbial transmission, various natal factors including birth type, birth weight, delivery mode, maternal chorioamnionitis, maternal diabetes and the presence of microbes in other sites influenced neonatal oral microbiome diversity. Among these factors, the birth type was the most significant, and preterm neonates exhibited decreased oral microbiome diversity, with fewer beneficial bacteria and more pathogens. These findings could serve as a baseline for research on the establishment of the oral microbiota in preterm neonates and its health implications.

Freshwater ‘microcroissants’ shed light on a novel higher-level clade within the Trebouxiophyceae and reveal the genus Chlorolobion to be a trebouxiophyte

ABSTRACT The Trebouxiophyceae is a widespread and species-rich green algal class encompassing mostly coccoid algae with a simple spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal outline. However, some poorly sampled lineages have evolved more elaborate shapes or even complex thalli, adding to the morphological diversity of the class. By investigating new and previously established strains, this study expands the range of morphologies exhibited by the class members by uncovering a clade of croissant-like trebouxiophytes. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from nuclear 18S rDNA and chloroplast rbcL sequences confirmed the monophyly of the ‘microcroissant’ clade, which we propose to be classified as a new family, Ragelichloridaceae. This family includes two novel genera, Ragelichloris and Navichloris, and the previously described Thorsmoerkia. The position of Ragelichloridaceae within Trebouxiophyceae stayed unresolved but chloroplast phylogenomics showed that the family belongs to the broader incertae sedis group that also includes Xylochloris and Leptosira. In addition, our study showed that the similar morphotype-bearing genus Chlorolobion, previously classified within Chlorophyceae, is a genuine trebouxiophyte, potentially related to Ragelichloridaceae.

New taxa of quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) parasitising aquatic birds of the Faroe Islands

The paper presents descriptions of new taxa and new records of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) parasitising aquatic birds in the Faroe Islands, Denmark. Sulisyringophilus jenskjeldin. gen., n. sp., is described from the northern gannet, Morus bassanus (Linnaeus) (Suliformes: Sulidae). The new genus, Sulisyringophilus, is new genus differs from the morphologically similar genus Procellariisyringophilus Schmidt and Skoracki, 2007 by the presence of lateral hypostomal teeth and leg setae vsII in females, the features which are absent in the latter. A new species Charadriphilus lymnocryptesn. sp. is described from the jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (Brünnich) (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae). Additionally, two rarely recorded species, Niglarobia ereuneti Kethley, 1970, and Creagonycha lara Kethley, 1970, are reported from two charadriiform hosts: the semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus) and the black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus), respectively.

Morphological diversity and phylogeny of the palmelloid chrysophyte genera Chrysotilos and Globulochrysis, gen. nov

ABSTRACT Chrysophytes are a diverse group of stramenopile protists comprising a variety of taxa with different cell organizations. Here, we morphologically and genetically characterize a novel chrysophyte genus isolated from three freshwater localities in the Czech Republic, described as Globulochrysis compacta gen. nov. sp. nov. The genus is well characterized by the frequent formation of closely packed cells, developing into large, spherical sporangia. This alga also forms solitary cells, mucilaginous colonies, amoebae, and teardrop-shaped zoids. We also investigated the morphologically similar genus Chrysotilos, isolated from its type locality in the Austrian Alps. In culture, Chrysotilos showed characteristic neustonic growth, which was, however, not observed in Globulochrysis. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA and rbcL genes showed that these two algae belong to two distinct lineages. Whereas Chrysotilos was inferred within the clade Hibberdiales, Globulochrysis formed a completely new lineage within the order Hydrurales.

Bashimyzon cheni, a new genus and species of sucker loach (Teleostei, Gastromyzontidae) from South China

Bashimyzon, new genus, is here established for Erromyzon damingshanensis, and a new species of the genus is described from the You-Jiang of the Pearl River (=Zhu-Jiang in mandarin Chinese) basin in Guangxi Province, South China. This new genus has a small gill opening above the pectoral-fin base and short pectoral fins extending backwards short of pelvic-fin insertions, both characters combined to separate it from all currently-recognized gastromyzontid genera except Erromyzon and Protomyzon, but differs from the two genera in having a larger gap between the posterior edge of eye and the vertical through the pectoral-fin insertion and very small fleshy lobes posterior to the maxillary-barbel bases. It is further distinct from its most similar genus Erromyzon in having a relatively larger gill opening, fewer branched pectoral-fin rays folded against body, and more posteriorly placed pectoral fins with a shorter fin base. Bashimyzon cheni, new species, and B. damingshanensis, the single congeneric species, differ in number of lateral-line pored scales, body coloration, and cephalic contour, and also in substantial genetic divergence.

Taxonomic review of the monotypic genus Dinahia Bechyn, 1946 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae).

The monotypic genus Dinahia Bechyn, 1946, endemic to the Atlantic Forest (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and So Paulo), is reviewed. Dinahia privigna Bechyn, 1946 is redescribed, and, for the first time, the aedeagus and spermatheca of this species are described and illustrated herein. Additionally, a diagnosis for the genus, a nomenclatural history, photographs of both nontype specimens and the syntype, a geographic distribution map, and a discussion of Dinahia and similar genera according to the bibliography (Calligrapha Chevrolat, 1836; Cosmogramma Erichson, 1847; Desmogramma Erichson, 1847; Grammomades Achard, 1923; and Zygogramma Chevrolat, 1836) are provided. This discussion incorporates a comparative table encompassing characters extracted from the antennae, maxillary palps, prosternal, mesoventral, and metaventral processes, V tarsomeres, and claws. Additionally, it includes an illustrated replacement couplet for step 22 in Sampaio & Fonseca's (2023) identification key, both to elucidate Dinahia's differentiations and similarities from these five genera.

THE COLONIC MUCOSAL MICROBIOME IN IBD-ASSOCIATED ARTHRITIS IS MORE VARIABLE THAN IN IBD ALONE

Abstract BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated arthritis affects over 25% of those with IBD and is associated with several risk factors including disease location. The intestinal microbiome varies throughout the intestinal tract and is thought to play a role in the development of IBD, although the precise mechanism remains unexplored. To better characterize its relationship with IBD-associated arthritis, we analyzed the intestinal microbiome from a subset of subjects in the LOCATION-IBD cohort. METHODS Microbiome analysis was performed on 16S rRNA V3V4 amplicon sequencing data generated from mucosal biopsies from the terminal ileum (TI), hepatic flexure (HF), and the distal descending colon (DDC) of participants in the LOCATION-IBD cohort. Alpha diversity was assessed using the Shannon index, while beta diversity between samples from the same participant were assessed using Jenson-Shannon Divergence (JSD). ZicoSeq was used to assess differential abundances in composition between those with vs without IBD-associated arthritis. RESULTS In this analysis, we included a subset of samples from participants in the LOCATION-IBD cohort with (n= 68 from 25 participants) and without (n = 86 from 29 participants) joint EIMs and with joint pain of unclear etiology (n= 14 from 5 participants). Overall, samples clustered predominantly based on participant, and similar genera were present across TI, HF, and DDC mucosal samples. Shannon diversity was similar across samples, regardless of the associated arthritis category, though diversity was lower in those with CD compared to those with UC (p-value = 0.0007, Tukey post-hoc p-value = 0.0004) and trended to be higher in sites of inflammation (p-value = 0.0645). JSDs between samples for an individual participant were higher for those with compared to those without IBD-associated arthritis (p-value = 0.038). In those with joint EIMs, Flavonifractor and Fusicatenibacter were significantly lower without accounting for sampling location, whereas other species including Lachnoclostridium (increased) and Fusobacterium (decreased) were noted in the proximal colon. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this represents the first assessment of the mucosal microbiome across several intestinal sites in individuals with and without IBD-associated arthritis. Our finding that similar bacteria are found across the terminal ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon, but that less site-to-site concordance is seen in those with IBD-associated arthritis, aligns with previous findings that the involvement of specific colonic segments is associated with IBD-associated arthritis. Further, our finding that the abundances of specific bacteria are altered, frequently in a site-specific manner, identifies potential opportunities for future studies.

Taxonomic studies on the genera Echinovelleda Breuning, 1936 and Propedicellus Huang, Huang & Liu, 2020 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini).

The genera Echinovelleda Breuning, 1936 and Propedicellus Huang, Huang & Liu, 2020 are revised. The latterisconsideredto be ajunior synonym of theformer based on a comprehensive morphological investigation, especially on the characteristics of male endophallus. Two new species are described from China, viz. Echinovelleda mumuae Bi & Mu sp. nov. from Yunnan and Guangxi, and E. protochinensis Bi & Lin sp. nov. from Yunnan and Sichuan. New records are reported for previously described taxa including one new country record of a morphologically similar genus, Hechinoschema Thomson, 1857 from China. Illustrations of habitus, endophallic structure, major diagnostic features for all studied taxa, as well as a distributional map are provided.

Almyronema epifaneia gen. & sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nodosilineaceae) isolated from an Indian mangrove forest

ABSTRACT Three simple filamentous cyanobacteria (strains S1, S6 and S10) were isolated from the upper surface of intertidal soil of an Indian mangrove forest, the Sundarbans. The three cyanobacterial strains formed a new cluster within the phylogenetic tree calculated based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, which was distinctive from the clade of the ecologically and morphologically most similar genus, Euryhalinema. Moreover, the sequence similarity of 16S rRNA gene was less than 94.4% compared with the reference strain of Euryhalinema, which confirmed that the new strains belonged to a novel genus. The folded secondary structure of D1-D1’, Box-B and V3 helices of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were different from those of Euryhalinema and other members of family Nodosilineaceae. P-distance analysis of the ITS region of the test strains showed 22.2% dissimilarity with the reference genus Euryhalinema, which exceeded the cut off (7%) and strongly supported that it is a novel species within a novel genus. Differential morphological and ultrastructural characters, such as the presence of various cellular inclusions (prominent large cyanophycin granule, glycogen α granules, lipid β granules and mucilaginous sheath), conical-shaped apical cell as well as cell width, supported the description of a new taxon. Therefore, based on morphological, ultrastructural and molecular analysis we propose that cyanobacterial strains S1, S6 and S10 belong to a new monophyletic genus and species Almyronema epifaneia gen. & sp. nov., in the recently established family Nodosilineaceae.

A new genus and species of Ichneumonini Latreille (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) from Oriental Region

Serratichneumon Riedel & Sheng gen. nov. and Serratichneumon maculatus Sheng & Riedel gen. et sp. nov. belonging to the tribe Ichneumonini of subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), collected in the Oriental Region (China, Vietnam, and Indonesia), are described and illustrated. The new genus is placed in Tereshkin’s key to the Palaearctic genera of the subtribe Amblytelina, and compared with similar genera, Hepiopelmus Wesmael, 1845, and Tricholabus Thomson, 1894.

Re-description of the genus Heterobiantes and its type species H. geniculatus (Opiliones: Laniatores: Epedanidae) with additional genital and external morphology data.

The genus Heterobiantes Roewer, 1912 and its type species Epedanus geniculatus Pocock, 1903 are redescribed based on the type specimen currently housed within the British Museum of Natural History (BMNH), London, along with new specimens captured in Hong Kong, providing updated morphological data and male genital description. Closer inspections reveal how the species is different from other similar genera within Epedaninae and rationalizes its placement as a monotypic genus within the sub-family. Genetic data are also included.

Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to Diatrypaceae from southeastern Tibet in China.

In this study, we investigated the diversity of diatrypaceous fungi from southeastern Tibet in China. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS and β-tubulin sequences of 75 taxa of Diatrypaceae from around the world. Based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence, a new genus-Alloeutypa, with three new species-A. milinensis, Diatrype linzhiensis, and Eutypella motuoensis, and a new combination-A. flavovirens, were revealed by the materials in China. Alloeutypa is characterized by stromatal interior olivaceous buff, stromata producing well-developed discrete, and ascospores allantoid, subhyaline. These characteristics separate the new genus from the similar genus Eutypa. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of new taxa are provided. All novelties described herein are morphologically illustrated and phylogeny investigated to better integrate taxa into the higher taxonomic framework and infer their phylogenetic relationships as well as establish new genera and species. Our results indicate that the diatrypaceous fungi harbor higher species diversity in China.

Microbiota of Urine, Glans and Prostate Biopsies in Patients with Prostate Cancer Reveals a Dysbiosis in the Genitourinary System

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbial dysbiosis may promote chronic inflammation linked to the development of PCa. Therefore, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and diversity in urine, glans swabs, and prostate biopsies between men with PCa and non-PCa men. Microbial communities profiling was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that α-diversity (number and abundance of genera) was lower in prostate and glans, and higher in urine from patients with PCa, compared to non-PCa patients. The different genera of the bacterial community found in urine was significantly different in PCa patients compared to non-PCa patients, but they did not differ in glans and prostate. Moreover, comparing the bacterial communities present in the three different samples, urine and glans show a similar genus composition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed significantly higher levels of the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Peptoniphilus, Negativicoccus, Actinomyces, Propionimicrobium, and Facklamia in urine of PCa patients, whereas Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were more abundant in the non-PCa patients. In glans, the genus Stenotrophomonas was enriched in PCa subjects, while Peptococcus was more abundant in non-PCa subjects. In prostate, Alishewanella, Paracoccus, Klebsiella, and Rothia were the overrepresented genera in the PCa group, while Actinomyces, Parabacteroides, Muribaculaceae sp., and Prevotella were overrepresented in the non-PCa group. These findings provide a strong background for the development of potential biomarkers with clinical interest.

Description of a new genus and species, Dundadela maculata, from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)

A new genus and species, Dundadela maculata gen. nov. & sp. nov. (Ptinidae: Anobiinae: tribe incertae sedis) from Madagascar is described, male genitalia are illustrated. Comparison with similar genera is given. Ecological notes, including photographs of habitats of the new species, are provided.

Revision of the South African leafhopper genus Hadroca Theron (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Bonaspeiini)

The leafhopper genus Hadroca Theron, 1974 with type species Euscelis ramosa Naudé, 1926 is re-defined here by examination of long series of specimens with varied color and wing polymorphic males and females. Five new species are added: Hadroca alacaudellasp. nov., H. alavittatasp. nov., H. bualacaudasp. nov., H. hapsistylissp. nov. and H. treichroasp. nov. The genus is known only from South Africa, mostly from the Fynbos Biome. All species have the aedeagus C-shaped and uniformly sclerotized, the shaft gradually tapered, commonly edentate, rarely with single, subapical, anterior process and the style with distal apophysis curved ventrad. A key to species is provided, with discussion on the differentiation from similar genera such as Bloemia Theron, 1974, Basutoia Linnavuori, 1961 and Tzitzikamaia Linnavuori, 1961 and distribution maps.

Parathlasia gen. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Ledrinae, Ledrini), a new leafhopper genus from Guizhou, China.

Parathlasia gen. nov., a new leafhopper genus and species of Ledrini, P.guizhouensis sp. nov., from Guizhou, China are described. Morphological differences between the new genus to other related Chinese genera are discussed. A key to distinguish Parathlasia from other similar genera is given.

Taxonomic revision of Montina (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Colombia with description of three new species

The Neotropical assassin bug genus Montina Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) is revised for Colombia. Montina has not been adequately explored taxonomically, with its last described species published in 1867. It has ten valid species distributed in tropical areas of Central and South America, but none of them have been formally recorded from Colombia. We describe three new species, M. calarca Mejía-Soto & Forero sp. nov., M. gladiator Mejía-Soto & Forero sp. nov., M. tikuna Mejía-Soto & Forero sp. nov., and report seven species as new records for the country: M. confusa (Stål, 1859), M. distincta (Stål, 1859), M. fumosa (Stål, 1867), M. lobata Stål, 1859, M. ruficornis (Fabricius, 1803), M. scutellaris Stål, 1859, and M. testacea (Stål, 1859). Montina calarca sp. nov. is distinguished by the reddish coloration with black head and legs; densely setose pronotum; connexival margin rounded on segments 4, 5, and 6 without protuberances, connexivum black with a narrow red band on margin; and translucent yellow membrane with hyaline cells and darkened veins. Montina gladiator sp. nov. is distinguished by the red coloration, with black legs, scutellum, and abdomen; connexival margin 4–5 lobed, 6 straight, segments 2–4 with acute posterior process on each segment, connexivum dark brown to black with a narrow red band on its margin. Montina tikuna sp. nov. is distinguished by the reddish-brown coloration, with black scutellum and abdomen; connexival margin nearly straight, segments 2–4 with small posterior acute process, 5–6 with obtuse process, connexivum black; ventral laterotergites only with black scattered erect setae. New characters help delimit Montina and differentiate it from Ploeogaster Amyot & Serville, 1843, its most similar genus. For all species we provide a diagnosis, images, documentation of genitalia, and distribution maps. A key to all the species of Montina is provided.

Andomyces coronatus gen. & sp. nov. from Thailand

A new genus and species, Andomyces coronatus, found on submerged decaying wood from freshwater habitat in Thailand, is described and compared with similar genera such as Polyschema, Torula, and Acrophragmis. The new dematiaceous genus is morphologically characterized by micronematous conidiophores; globose to subglobose, discrete, smooth, conidiogenous cells; schizolytic conidial secession; and didymosporous, distoseptate, smooth conidia. The distinguishing features of the new species are provided in the description and illustrations.

Rigoutorum a new genus for Diaphonia bacchusi Rigout and Allard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Schizorhinini), with description of a second species from Western Australia and notes on habitats and behaviours.

Rigoutorum new genus Hutchinson Moeseneder (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Schizorhinini: Schizorhinina) is created for Diaphonia bacchusi Rigout Allard, 1997, resulting in Rigoutorum bacchusi new combination. Rigoutorum jakli Hutchinson Moeseneder, new species, which has been lumped with R. bacchusi in collections and confirmed as distinct through our molecular work, is described. The males and females of both species are described or redescribed. Rigoutorum is diagnosed and compared with Diaphonia Newman, 1840 and Aurum Hutchinson Moeseneder, 2019, the most similar genera. Habitat and behavioural observations are given, and a distribution map shows that the two species of this endemic genus occupy different climatic regions in southern Western Australia, Australia.

Review of Calauta Solovyev amp; Witt, 2009 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) with description of a new species from Korea.

The genus Calauta Solovyev Witt, 2009 is reviewed with four included species. It is critically compared to other similar genera in Limacodidae based on external and genital morphology. A new species, Calauta koreana sp. nov. is described from the Republic of Korea. A taxonomic transfer of Aphendala notoseusa Wu, 2020 to Calauta is proposed. A distributional range of C. obscura Solovyev, 2017 is expanded with new distributional data. A diagnostic key of all the congeners is given. Photographs of habitus and genitalia are provided for all four species of Calauta.