Similar Finds Research Articles

A figura do narrador como inspiração para a prática docente no ensino de sociologia na educação básica

The debate on Sociology in basic education in Brazil refers to the clash experienced by the figure of the narrator in medieval Europe by enabling individuals to become aware of a distant reality through the narrative whose content had meaning and distanced itself from common sense, but society Capitalist industrialism created an urban and increasingly individualized way of life in which facts became disposable when presented in the information format that made up the modern press. A similar situation finds Sociology in high school when faced with technological innovations that reiterate the immediacy of social relations in our daily lives.

Мідний кований казан ранньоскіфського часу з округи Більського городища

In the article, for the first time, data on the accidental discovery of a thin-walled copper cauldron in the floodplain of the Stara Vorskla River (Left Bank Dnipro Forest-Steppe), in the nearest district of Bilsk fortified hillfort, are introduced into scientific circulation. On the basis of morphological and X-ray fluorescence analyses of the object, its place among other few similar finds in the territory of Forest-Steppe Scythia is shown, the connection with the Central Caucasian production centers, as well as the influence of Urartian art in the design of handles, are traced. Previously, the item was assigned to the first half of the 6th century BC. The rare artefact could have reached the left bank of the Dnipro with the nomads advancing to the Ukrainian forest-steppe through the Caucasus. The cauldron found differs in appearance from other similar artefacts and hasn’t had any exact analogues yet. However, the high rims and the probable presence of a low pallet may indicate a production tradition of Caucasian craftsmen. At the same time, the design of the figured overlays for fastening the handles in the shape of a stylised bird with spread wings definitely points to the Urartian (East Asian) cultural tradition. The technique of making cauldron attachments, with a perpendicularly placed, separately cast ring, used by Urartian foundries is indicative, which, at first glance, could suggest an Urartian import. Clarity is provided by the results of spectral analyses. According to the elemental composition of the metal, each of the three cauldrons known today with similar handle attachments, found in the territories of the Ukrainian forest-steppe, has a copper body and bronze handles with a significant content of lead (from 10 to 15%), which indicates the possibility of their manufacture in workshops, located on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, where at the end of the 8th—6th centuries BC there was a large centre for the production of various types of metal utensils. In our case, the attachments on the cauldrons were cast according to the local recipe, but based on Urartian prototypes. Based on the archaeological context and the results of RFA analyses of the metal of thin-walled cauldrons of the Early Scythian period, found in the territory of Forest-Steppe Scythia (Bilsk, Repiakhuvata Mohyla and Kruhlyk), it can be concluded that all of them were made in the first half of the 6th century BC in one of the Central Caucasian production centres by order and according to the taste of the nomadic elite. The possibility of Urartian craftsmen working in one of these production centres cannot be eliminated.

Thread Dolls: Bone Heads Belonging to Islamic Rag Dolls in the Collection of the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

In the collections of the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are stored four bone objects that are of an extraordinary and unconventional nature. They are anthropomorphic faces made of bone with an elongated irregular rectangular shape (in some places with rounded areas), pointed at one end. The aim of this publication is to present more information on the chronology, interpretation and cultural affiliation of these interesting artefacts. The artefacts were received by NAIM–BAS in the 1980s, with no information available on the circumstances of their acquisition and no receipt from the previous owner. There is no information whatsoever about their original archaeological environment, and whether or not they were acquired as a result of regular archaeological research, or whether they were the subject of unauthorised archaeological activity, such as the illegal trafficking of movable cultural property etc. Based on a brief overview, it can be said that the finds from NAIM–BAS can be attributed to the period of Islamic art generated during the Arab expansion in the lands of the Near East between the 7th–10th/12th centuries. Their interpretation as parts of several rag or dressed dolls is based on the definitions of similar finds from the territories of present-day Israel, Egypt and Palestine. This conclusion is based on the archaeological context in which these objects were found, as well as the hypotheses circulating in scholarly circles regarding their use and place in the daily life of people during this period. Taking into account the geographical area of their distribution, the archaeological context and the anthropomorphic specifics, it can be assumed that the finds from the NAIM–BAS collection are probably of similar origin, interpretation and chronology, although their natural area of manifestation is far removed from the borders of the Bulgarian lands and the European Southeast.

Chemical analysis of bronze votives from the Minoan peak sanctuary at Ayios Yeoryios Sto Vouno, Kythera

The Minoan peak sanctuary at Ayios Yeoryios sto Vouno, Kythera, was founded in the MMIB period and reached its acme in the MMIIIB-LMIA period. Its special character is confirmed by the number and the variety of its bronze finds, which outnumber all similar finds made on Minoan peak sanctuaries. For this reason, a systematic study of the techniques used for their construction is being carried out, aiming at clarifying issues of bronze provenance, circulation and use during the apogee of Minoan civilization.The paper presents the preliminary results of micro-XRF and SEM-EDS techniques applied on two categories of bronze finds from the sanctuary, namely 48 figurines and 59 blade cut-outs, in order to clarify their chemical composition and the type of the alloy used for their manufacturing, and also to examine possible particularities of their technological characteristics. It was revealed that alloys with a high copper content or pure copper with a small amount of impurities had been used in the production of bronze votives. Although copper is the dominant component, tin, lead, arsenic and iron are also present in various concentrations; elements such as nickel, cobalt, zinc, selenium, bismuth, silver and antimony are recorded in minor or trace amounts, as detected in areal or linear analyses. Different alloys depending on the manufacturing technique had been used. Leaded copper and ternary copper alloys of Cu-Sn-Pb were identified in the figurine category, while in the blade category the examined objects were mostly manufactured of pure copper, of about 98%wt and above. Binary copper-tin alloy has been used only in few objects. Copper containing minor constituents may be due either to recycling or to their initial presence in the ore.

“Egyptian Statue”, Revealed in the South-Eastern Region of Azerbaijan, in the system of Ancient Cultural and Trade Relations

Ancient Egypt, being one of the developed centers of the East, had close ties with Western Asia and the South Caucasus, both from a political and commercial point of view. This country, which had not been conquered until the VII century BC, was in the forefront as a political and military power of the period. It was from this viewpoint that many countries sought to establish political union with it, as well as the trade relations. As a result of this relationship, various works of art related to Ancient Egypt also spread to the South Caucasus through the Western Asia. No doubt that Egyptian art items found in Egypt itself are more than samples from other countries where similar finds are common. The paper deals with the archaeological finding – an Egyptian figurine. This artifact, which is so far the only example, found in Azerbaijan, testifies to the existence of ties between the South Caucasus and Egypt. The discovery also contributes to the creation of certain ideas about the small plastic art of that period. It is possible that complex archaeological studies in the region will reveal new artifacts of such art

Средневековый шлем из Грузского

The article deals with the discovery of an iron helmet from the second half of the 12th — mid-13th centuries. from a rich Cuman burial, accidentally discovered and explored in the Northern Azov region in 1968. Of the entire complex of clothing finds, only a helmet has been identified so far. The product was damaged upon discovery, according to the typology of A. N. Kirpichnikov belongs to type II B and dates back to the 12th—13th centuries. Consideration of the closest analogies and clarification of the dating of the helmet marked the debatable problem of periodization of this type of protective armament. A number of researchers attribute the time of existence of such helmets to the Golden Horde time of the 2nd half of the 13th—14th centuries. A careful study of the argumentation and a critical analysis of the sources suggests that there is no reason to date such helmets to the Golden Horde time. Available clear chronological benchmarks of similar finds among the helmets included in the complexes of Taganch, Khavala-IV 2, find of a helmet in a dwelling of the 1st half of the 13th century. in Dorogobuzh and the finds of a pommel with an “apple” from the settlement Knyazha Gora in Kanev allow us to date the helmet from Gruzsky to the end of the 12th — 1st half of the 13th centuries, and to attribute the discovered site to the burial of a representative of the Cumans aristocracy, made before the Great Western campaign of the Mongols.

A NEW FIND OF A KUBAN-TYPE HELMET FROM THE NORTHWEST CAUCASUS

The article publishes the discovery of a new cast helmet of the “Kuban type” of the Early Scythian culture. The helmet is considered against the background of other similar cast helmets from the territory of Eastern Europe dating from the 7th–6th centuries BC. The authors discuss an assumption of the origin of East European cast helmets from the prototypes of the Zhou period from Northern China. Special attention is paid to the typological similarity and difference of East European specimens from similar finds from Central and East Asia. The paper proposes a variant for the reconstruction of the technology of mould manufacturing and casting of the product. The authors provide the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the metal in the published helmet and compare them with data on other known finds of Kuban type helmets. The comparison shows the difference in the composition of metal which they were made from.

Determination of the Bow Winding Material’s Nature from the Burial Ground of the Scythian Time Saryg-Bulun (Central Tuva)

The results of studying the bow-winding material from mound 2, burial 5, at the Saryg-Bulun burial ground (Central Tuva, Russia) of the Aldy-Bel culture dated to the end of the 7th–beginning of the 6th centuries BC are presented. According to the first publication and the assumptions of archaeologists, the winding could be of animal origin; however, in recent years, this argument has been challenged due to similar finds of plant origin. Studies using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and chromatography show that the winding material for the arms of the ancient bow was fish skin.

Opening graves and turtles. The pond turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) from the cemetery of the Wielbark Culture in Czarnówko and the question of post-funeral interferences in the past

Abstract In 2010, the remains of a pond turtle were discovered at the bottom of a secondary pit (“robbery” trench) in one of the graves (feature 963) in the Wielbark Culture cemetery at Czarnówko (PL). This paper attempts to characterise the find from Czarnówko in the context of two important questions: the opening of graves and the presence of turtle remains in the grave against the background of similar finds from the Central and East European Barbaricum. The problem of post-burial manipulation affects about 90 % of the graves in the cemetery at Czarnówko. The situation from grave 963 finds analogies in the burial grounds of the Masłomęcz Group, the Chernyakhiv culture and the Sarmatian and Longobard sites. The problem of the presence of these reptiles in the graves is related as it turns out to the phenomenon of grave opening, a phenomenon of great territorial and chronological extent observed in the areas where inhumation was practised during the Roman Period and the Migration Period.

On the Status of the Boar Tooth Artifact from the Backdirt of Vogelherd

During the course of the excavations in the backdirt of Vogelherd in 2008, the crew recovered a tusk of a boar preserving clear signs of anthropogenic modification. In addition to the polishing that regularly occurs on tusks during the life of the animal, this specimen, showed signs of cut- ting, scraping and polish subsequent to the animal’s death. This artifact superficially resembles a Magdalenian female figurine with a triangular buttock and a stick-like torso, which led to the hypothesis that the find may be of Paleolithic origin and may be an artwork. Alternatively, the find was hypothesized to be an artifact of unknown function from the Holocene, based on the rarity of faunal remains of boar from the Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura. While the excavator always stressed the uncertainty related to the interpretation of the find, some colleagues ac- cepted the hypothesis that the find represented a Magdalenian female figurine. Thirteen years after its recovery, we have reexamined this artifact and conducted comparative studies that support the hypothesis that the find is of Holocene age. Based on similar finds, we conclude that, although the function of this class of artifact is not yet certain, this artifact is a Neolithic or Mesolithic tool with clear parallels in Germany, France and Switzerland. This class of artifact is rare in Central Europe, but our survey of Neolithic and Mesolithic publications allows us to reject the hypothesis, that this find represents a Magdalenian female figurine. This artifact, however, enriches the record of Holocene organic technology in southwestern Germany.

РЕНТГЕНОФЛЮОРЕСЦЕНТНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ИЗ ЦВЕТНОГО МЕТАЛЛА ПРЕДТЮРКСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ, ОБНАРУЖЕННЫХ НА НЕКРОПОЛЕ ЧОБУРАК-I (СЕВЕРНЫЙ АЛТАЙ)

During excavations of burial complexes in Altai, which belong to the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture, items made of non-ferrous metal were found. However, their purposeful study has not yet been undertaken, which limits the possibilities for making the necessary scientific interpretations. This article presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of a small series of finds from the Choburak-I necropolis. This site is located in the Northern Altai and dates back to the preTurkic period. The obtained determinations of the chemical composition of simple decorations demonstrate the variety of recipes used in casting the initial materials. Of particular importance are the items made of brass. The presented variety of metal alloys can testify to wide contacts of the Altai population in the pre-Turkic period, as well as to the existence of local traditions of decoratiions making. It is important to continue the systematic study of similar and other finds from non-ferrous metal, which are in museum collections in Russia and abroad.

Позднесарматское клинковое оружие из погребений Березовского курганного могильника

Introduction. One of the main types of Sarmatian weapons is bladed weapons, represented by daggers and swords. The relatively small number of Late Sarmatian burials in the forest-steppe Podonye determines the importance of publishing new materials – daggers and swords. Materials. The materials for the analysis were artifacts (iron daggers and swords) discovered during the study of kurgan burial ground 4 near the village of Berezovka in the Vorobyevsky district of the Voronezh region (left bank of the Middle Don). In four of the seven burials examined, bladed weapons were found. The dead were buried under separate mounds in elongated rectangular pits and chambers clogged with continental clay. The heads of the buried were directed to the southern sector (three burials) and to the east-northeast (one burial). Bladed weapons were located according to the tradition of the Scythians and Sarmatians – at the right hand with the tip to the extremities of the legs. Methods. The study used a comparative typological method that allowed us to distinguish the found daggers and swords into a separate type of bladed weapons; the method of analogies, which was used to compare the type with similar finds in the Sarmatian culture; and the chronological method, which made it possible to attribute the discovered blades to the late Sarmatian culture. Analysis. During the analysis of artifacts, typical signs of bladed weapons characteristic of the late Sarmatian culture were identified; although the time of their appearance belongs to the early and Middle Sarmatian periods, their chronological framework was determined (mid-2nd – 4th centuries AD). A dagger and a sword were found together in two burials. Results. All burials in which bladed weapons were found belong to men (age range from 25–30 years to 35–40 years). Judging by the available data, the joint occurrence of a dagger and a sword in the burial may indicate in favor of the opinion that there are burials of professional soldiers in the burial ground.

BRONZE SPOONS AND SPATULAE IN THE KAHRAMANMARAŞ MUSEUM

Three spoons, a spatula, and a combined tool consisting of both a spatula and a spoon in the Kahramanmaraş Museum constitute the subject of this study. The tools were brought to the museum collection by purchasing on different dates. While it was determined that four of the tools came from the Göksun town of Kahramanmaraş province, the findspot of one of them could not be determined. The spoons were made of bronze and casting technique was used in their production. Additionally, forging technique was used in the production of the combined tool consisting of spoon and spatula and spoon No. 3. These tools, which have been preserved without deterioration in their forms in general, have been exposed to occasional corrosion and minor fractures. Of the tools, which have different dimensions, the shortest is 9.6 cm, and the longest is 18 cm. While three of the spoons discussed in the study are widely seen in the literature, the tool consisting of spoon and spatula is a rare find and only one similar sample has been found in the literature. The tools were registered as medical instruments in the museum inventory. In literature research, it is seen that similar samples are generally covered within the scope of publications on medical instruments. However, when the contexts in which similar samples were found are examined, it is seen that the materials were not used for medical purposes only. In the light of the suggestions presented in the literature and the context of parallel finds, it can be suggested that Kahramanmaraş samples may have been used for different purposes such as medicine, pharmacy, kitchen, cosmetics and painting. Based on the similar finds, it is possible to state that the tools were produced and used during the Roman Imperial period.

The ritual context of pottery deposits from the Late Bronze Age settlement at Wrocław Widawa in southwestern Poland

In this paper, I survey archaeological evidence for deliberate deposits mostly containing ceramic vessels but also stones and animal bones. They were discovered at a Late Bronze Age settlement, dated to the 9th-8th centuries, situated in the northern part of the contemporary city of Wrocław in southwestern Poland. Their stratigraphical contexts indicate that their deposition took place at the very end of the use of the site, i.e. after the accumulation of the thick occupational layers. Based on the fine preservation of the vessels and their distribution, I argue that they are remains of practices performed in a common settlement area, resulting in the deposition of used ceramics. I also refer to a broad concept of the notion of ‘pottery deposits’ and compare the presented evidence with similar finds from other sites with a similar chronology.

Return from the Hunt: a Re-Discovered Votive Relief from Northern Moesia Inferior

Recent archival materials brought to attention a fragmentary marble votive relief found near Tulcea depicting the so-called Thracian horseman as a hunter with the prey in his raised right hand. This iconographic variant is very rare outside Thracia and the Balkans region. The evidence of the votive reliefs of the Thracian horseman in the northern Moesia Inferior is not rich but features a great iconographical variety, hinting at an intended choice from the part of the dedicants of the votives and great awareness of the iconographical composition. The material (imported marble) and the dimensions of several of the reliefs uncovered up to now in the region are quite large and make plausible the idea of votives intended for cult places/sanctuaries. The relief discussed is singular among the similar finds in the region, for it bears also an inscription on its upper border.

The glass finds from the Vetricella site (9th-12th c.)Introduction

We examine here the glass finds from the Vetricella site. This site, investigated during the ERC-Avanced nEU-Med project (www.neu-med.unisi.it ) is interpreted as the centre of the royal curtis of Valli attested in documentary sources from 937. During the excavation, a large number of glass objects dated from the 4th to the 12th centuries were unearthed. The compositions of the early mediaeval Vetricella glass vessels (beakers, goblets, bottles, ampoules/vials), are studied and compared with those of similar finds from various other European sites. With the exception of one glass bottle, made with Syro-palestinian plant ash soda glass, all the other studied glasses belong to Antique or Late-Antique natron glass groups (Mn- and Sb-decolorized, Foy 2 and HIMT). All these objects illustrate the recycling practices of Antique and Late Antique glass in Europe as they are described by Theophilus for the 11th and 12th centuries.

Analysis of Mineral Pigments from the Gnishikadzor Area, Southeastern Armenia

The territory of the Republic of Armenia is very rich with ores and different types of deposits, including resources of natural mineral pigments. They differ by large variation of colours and are represented by painted ores, clays, and earths, among which the most significant is the group of paints with yellow, red and brown shades (ochre). Vayots Dzor Province in South-Eastern Armenia is among the rich areas where painted earths are widely spread. Presence of red and brown ochre are very well visible in the south-western part of the province, in the gorge of the Gnishik River, which is also known as the Noravank Gorge, due to the monastic complex of Noravank located here. Red colour rocks in the area of the Noravank Gorge (Gnishikazdor) represented by the sedimentary strata of the Upper Devonian and are determined by the Famennian Stage (375-359 million years). The samples analysed were taken from the foothills of the Noravank Monastery and analysed by different techniques: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); FT-IR spectroscopy; XRD diffraction analysis, which allow to indicate the presence of different elements trough contrast variations (atomic number contrast), to determine spectral ranges where absorption peaks were detected, as well as to perform phase identifications. The results show that the concretion is a hard, compact mass of matter formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles, and is found in sedimentary rock or soil. It is composed of a carbonate mineral such as calcite; an amorphous or microcrystalline form of silica such as chert, flint, jasper or an iron oxide or hydroxide such as goethite and hematite. Implementation of such kind of study is valuable for the future comparison of similar finds from the nearby prehistoric archaeological contexts, where inhabitants exploited red ochre as a pig.

Organic-walled tentaculids of Late Devonian (Frasnian) deposits of the Appalachian and Michigan Basins, Laurussia (NY, MI, OH)

This is the first report of organic-walled tentaculid remains from Givetian through Frasnian age deposits of the Michigan and Appalachian Basins in western Laurussia. This adds to the geographic scope of similar finds that have been described from the Frasnian through the Famennian in eastern Laurussia. However, those previous specimens were retrieved through palynological preparations and more closely resemble sheath structures rather than the full forms found herein, which were retrieved through complete maceration with ammonium surfactants.

A New Reading of the Inscriptions on the Handles of the Nominal Knives Found on the Sims Bay Shores

Purpose. The article presents a new reading of the inscriptions on two nominal knives found on the coast of Sims Bay in the Laptev Sea. The results of the reading are differs from the readings of paleographers and researchers published earlier. It was possible to give a correct reading of these inscriptions due to the use of the non-contact 3D modeling method developed by the RSSDA Laboratory and used in the Code of Russian Inscriptions (CRI).Results. The reading of the inscriptions on the nominal knives proposed by the authors of this article made it possible to establish their belonging to Gury (baptismal name) – Akaky (prayer? name) Ivanov's son Karzyaev, the likely head of the commercial and industrial expedition in the 20s of the 17th century. The site of polar sailors of the 17th century in the Sims Bay is located in 70 km to the west from the Thaddeus the North island, where in 1940 members of the hydrographic detachment of the East Taimyr hydrographic expedition found similar finds, including 8 other knives. Unfortunately, these knives have only partially preserved handles, and most turned out to be represented only by blades. Inscriptions filled with Slavic script could be found only on two knives from a hut in Sims Bay.Conclusion. According to the official version, both finds belong to the members of the Russian trade and industrial expedition in the 17th century. The rich composition of the archaeological artifacts collected at these two locations makes this site of Russian culture of the 17th century unique.

EARLY MEDIEVAL HOARD FROM SUMY REGION: NEW ARRIVALS AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS

This paper contains the information about new finds of hoards of the early Middle Ages (Martynivka circle), which were discovered recently in the Sumy region. Until recently, only two similar assemblages were known in this area — Nyzhnya Syrovatka (fig. 1) and Velyki Budky (fig. 2).
 However, recently their number has increased significantly. Some of them got to the museum institutions of Sumy region (fig. 10).
 In 2011, the Shevchenkove hoard was transferred to the Putivl State Historical and Cultural Reserve. The assemblages contained the decoration of women’s and men’s clothing and a number of household and handicraft items.
 In recent years, Mykilske (fig. 3: A), Myropillya (fig. 4) and Pozhnya (fig. 5), Mohrytsya (fig. 6) and Kamyanka hoards have been transferred to the Sumy Regional Museum of Local Lore. Parts of finds from the Rusanivka (fig. 7) and Mala Rybytsya assemblages were transferred to this museum also.
 Some of the finds from the First Parkhomivka and Dobryanske — Sydorova Yaruha hoards, and almost the entire Second Parkhomivka hoard, have been transferred to the Trostyanetsky Museum and Exhibition assemblage.
 Preliminary archaeological research has been carried out at the site of some of the assemblages. As a result of these works, it was possible to find out quite accurately the location of the Mykilske (fig. 3: B; 8: A; 9: 1), Pozhnya and Parkhomivka hoards. Similar finds have been recorded in the prospect trench. The exact location of the Mogritsky assemblage has not yet been determined. Although archaeological research has been in the microregion (fig. 8: B—G; 9: 2, 3).
 All newly discovered assemblages described above belong to the hoards of Martynivka circle. Jewelry from their composition dates from the second half of 6th — the end of 7th century. And «concealment» occurs in the middle — third quarter of 7th century. The appearance of treasures is connected with the military-political tribal association of Slavs in the Middle Dnieper and the Dnieper Left Bank. The archaeological equivalent of this formation could be parts of the carriers of the Penkivka and Kolochyn cultures.
 Further research of the hoards is planned in the following areas: 1) survey of the sites and the surrounding area to more accurately determine the ethnocultural situation; 2) analysis of jewelry from the composition of assemblages; 3) attempt to reconstruct the outfit; 4) conducting research on the elemental composition of things with the involvement of modern nuclear-physical research methods; 5) compiling a catalog of early Slavic monuments in the Sumy region and writing a general ethnocultural history of the region. Work in these areas has only just begun.