Similar Amounts Of Calories Research Articles

Use of the Dietary Inflammatory Index to Assess the Diet of Young Physically Active Men.

Background: Chronic inflammation can lead to the development of obesity, diabetes and other chronic diseases. One of the factors causing inflammation is diet. The aim of this study was to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet, expressed by the DII index, in young physically active men. Methods: A total of 94 physically active students aged 19–23 participated in the study. The subjects’ diets were assessed on the basis of 4-day dietary records, which were then analyzed using the computer program “Diet 5.0”. The DII was calculated for each participant based on the individual consumption of the selected dietary components. The concentration of CRP protein was also determined. Results: Participants was divided into groups according to values of DII. Diets with different DIIs provided similar amounts of calories, but differed significantly in the content of many nutrients. Participants whose diets showed the most anti-inflammatory effects consumed significantly more protein, magnesium, iron, zinc, antioxidant vitamins, and B vitamins compared to others. The highest concentration of CRP protein was observed in men whose diet was described as the most pro-inflammatory (Q4 group). A significant relationship was found between DII and body fat (%) in men in the most anti-inflammatory (Q1 group) and neutral diet (Q2–Q3 group). Conclusions: The Dietary Inflammatory Index is a promising method of describing the effect of dietary intake on the risk of inflammation in young, healthy individuals engaging in regular physical activity.

Influence of chronic alcoholism and estrogen deficiency on the immunohistochemical expression of regulatory proteins of the bone resorption process in the periodontium of Wistar rats

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in immunohistochemical expression of proteins regulating the bone resorption process in the periodontium of rats subjected to alcoholism and/or estrogen deficiency. The investigated proteins were receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa β ligand (RANKL), a protein that stimulates bone resorption, and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a protein that inhibits bone resorption. At the molecular level, decreased OPG expression and/or increased RANKL expression are consistent with a greater predisposition to bone resorption. DesignWistar female rats were divided into ovariectomized (ovx) and non-ovariectomized (sham) groups, and subdivided into ad libitum diet (free diet), alcoholic diet (20% solution), and isocaloric diet (diet with a similar amount of calories as compared with groups ingesting an alcoholic diet). The alveolar bone crest and adjacent tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses for detection of OPG and RANKL. ResultsA significant decrease in OPG expression and a significant increase in RANKL expression were observed in ovariectomized animals which received alcohol as compared with non-ovariectomized animals which received isocaloric diet (experimental control). When estrogen deficiency was evaluated independently of the diet type, a significant decrease in OPG expression and a significant increase in RANKL expression were observed in ovariectomized animals as compared with non-ovariectomized animals. ConclusionsEstrogen deficiency associated with alcoholic diet, as well as estrogen deficiency (analyzed independently of diet type), decreased the immunostaining for OPG and increased the immunostaining for RANKL in the periodontium of rats.

549 Prevention of Obesity Through Healthy Nutrition in the First Year of Life

BackgroundObesity, defined as excess body fat can be diagnosed at 6 months. In children, BMI percentiles are used, defining the overweight between 85–95 and obesity >95. The main predictors of...

Breast Cancer: Lower Fat Intake May Reduce Recurrence

pPostmenopausal women who’ve been treated for early-stage breast cancer might reduce their chances for recurrence or for a second breast cancer if they reduce their consumption of dietary fat, according to results from the Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS). The results, which are based on an interim analysis of the data, are reported in the Dec. 20, 2006 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. This study adds to evidence found in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), which last year examined the effect of a low-fat diet on breast cancer risk and showed a trend toward a modest benefi t of a reduced-fat diet on the incidence of invasive breast cancer. WINS enrolled 2,437 women between 1994 and 2001 who had been treated for early-stage breast cancer. The women, ages 48 to 79, were randomly assigned to a lower fat dietary intervention group or a control group who ate their regular diet. At the start of the study, both groups consumed similar amounts of calories from fat— about 57 g of fat per day or close to 30 percent of total daily caloric intake. At the end of the fi rst year of observation, the

No pain, no gain: Perceptions of calorie expenditures of exercise and daily activities

Reduction in physical activity is considered a major contributor to weight problems. Increasingly, people are expending less energy in household chores but joining fitness clubs. Do people perceive ordinary daily activities to expend less energy than exercise activities using similar amounts of calories? In the present study college students were asked to evaluate the calorie expenditure of 30 physical activities (i.e., exercises and household tasks). The household tasks were matched (in terms of caloric expenditure) to at least one exercise activity. When participants rated both exercise and daily activities, it appears that they focused on rate of caloric expenditure rather than type of activity (i.e., household task or exercise). In Study 2, college students evaluated the energy expenditure of light/leisure, moderate, and intense exercise. This emphasis concerning the benefit of intense physical activity was observed once again. College students appear to have assimilated the belief that intense physical activity expends more energy than longer sessions of lower intensity physical activity using similar amounts of calories. Perhaps one reason why people are not physically active is that they believe physical activities must be intense to be of benefit. At the same time they are automatizing household chores and, thus, become less active overall.

Elevated Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Amenorrheic Athletes

Friday, Karen E.; Drinkwater, Barbara L.; Bruemmer, Barbara; III, Charles Chesnut; Chait, Alan Author Information

Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in amenorrheic athletes: effects of endogenous hormone status and nutrient intake.

To determine the interactive effects of hormones, exercise, and diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, serum estrogen and progesterone levels, nutrient intake, and plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured in 24 hypoestrogenic amenorrheic and 44 eumenorrheic female athletes. When compared to eumenorrheic athletes, amenorrheic athletes had higher levels of plasma cholesterol (5.47 +/- 0.17 vs. 4.84 +/- 0.12 mmol/L, P = 0.003), triglyceride (0.75 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, P = 0.046), low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 3.16 +/- 0.15 vs. 2.81 +/- 0.09 mmol/L, P = 0.037), high-density lipoprotein (HDL; 1.95 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.73 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, P = 0.007), and HDL2 (0.84 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.68 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, P = 0.02) cholesterol. Plasma LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios, very low-density lipoprotein and HDL3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II levels were similar in the two groups. Amenorrheic athletes consumed less fat than eumenorrheic subjects (52 +/- 5 vs. 75 +/- 3 g/day, P = 0.02), but similar amounts of calories, cholesterol, protein, carbohydrate, and ethanol. HDL cholesterol levels in amenorrheic subjects correlated positively with the percent of dietary calories from fat (r = 0.42, n = 23, P = 0.045) but negatively with the percent from protein (r = -0.49, n = 23, P = 0.017). Thus, exercise-induced amenorrhea may adversely affect cardiovascular risk by increasing plasma LDL and total cholesterol. However, cardioprotective elevations in plasma HDL and HDL2 cholesterol may neutralize the risk of cardiovascular disease in amenorrheic athletes.

The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine on plasma lipids and fecal sterol excretion

Highly polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) was orally administered to patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and normal controls. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein composition as well as fecal sterol excretion and bile lipid composition were analyzed. Two dietary regimens were given, containing similar amounts of calories, cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids in order to evaluate the specific effect of phosphorylcholine. No change in plasma lipid or lipoprotein concentration was observed. However, fecal sterol excretion was substantially increased in all subjects when PC was added to the diet. Bile acids, phospholipid and cholesterol content in bile did not vary.

HEMOGLOBIN REGENERATION IN THE CHRONIC HEMORRHAGIC ANEMIA OF DOGS (WHIPPLE)

1. A group of dogs on a standard salmon bread diet with a slowly regenerating anemia were studied. The addition of liver to this diet during a 2 week period promoted a definitely greater regeneration of hemoglobin than did the addition of an amount of inorganic iron which was equivalent to that contained in the added liver. The more effective result attained with liver cannot, therefore, be attributed solely to the iron intake. 2. The greater response to liver is not due to its content of amino acids which are present in casein, since a diet containing an exactly similar amount of calories, iron and protein nitrogen, made up of inorganic iron and casein does not cause a greater response than that obtained by the addition of that amount of inorganic iron alone to the standard basal diet. 3. Furthermore, the salmon bread diet does not produce a deficiency of the amino acids represented in casein, since dogs eating the high protein (casein) Cowgill dog ration show the same basal hemoglobin regeneration rate and a similar greater response to liver than to inorganic iron. The Cowgill ration, however, supplies some non-ferrous factor involved in hemoglobin regeneration which is not contained, to as great a degree at least, in the salmon bread. 4. Whipple's chronic hemorrhagic anemia of dogs serves as an accurate assay method for measuring the hemoglobin producing power of a substance. Quantitatively reproducible responses can be obtained.