Silvofishery Pond Research Articles

Exploring environmental condition of silvofishery pond to support the sustainability of mangrove management in Berau Regency, Indonesia

The integration of mangrove management with aquaculture, termed the silvofishery pond system, has been implemented in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A detailed survey was conducted to assess the features of mangrove terrain surrounding silvofishery ponds, aiming to enhance the productive and sustainable management of these mangrove areas in Berau Regency. This survey focused on various land characteristics such as topography, tidal patterns, water quality, soil properties, climate, and the state of mangrove vegetation. The health of mangrove vegetation was assessed by calculating the Important Value Index (IVI) across different growth stages: trees, saplings, and seedlings. The findings reveal that the mangrove adjacent to the silvofishery ponds in Berau Regency are home to 14 species from 13 genera and 10 families. Rhizophora mucronata displayed the highest IVI scores across all growth stages: 75.17% for trees, 93.14% for saplings, and 66.98% for seedlings, the latter shared with Rhizophora apiculata. Soil quality emerged as a critical limiting factor for land use in silvofishery ponds, particularly due to high potential acidity (low pH) and low nitrogen (N) content. To enhance soil quality, it is recommended that soil management practices such as remediation (via drying, submerging, flushing, or liming) and N supplementation through fertilization be employed. Furthermore, given the sparse mangrove vegetation density at the tree level (1,012 trees/ha), efforts to promote natural mangrove regeneration and prevent deforestation and degradation are advised. Considering the unique characteristics of the mangroves, the implementation of the komplangan model—a silvofishery approach that segregates mangroves restoration pond from grow-out ponds—is recommended to boost productivity and ensure sustainability in the coastal region of Berau.

KERAGAAN BIOFISIK, SOSIAL DAN PENDAPATAN SERTA KELAYAKAN USAHA TANI TAMBAK SILVOFISHERY DI KECAMATAN SERUWAY, ACEH TAMIANG

The increase in aquaculture businesses in the coastal areas of Seruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, has resulted in high conversion of mangrove forests into ponds. If management is not carried out, it will have an impact on coastal environmental degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to look for a sustainable pond management model. One model is silvofishery. In developing this silvofishery model, biophysical environmental data, social and economic conditions of pond cultivation are needed. The aim of this research is to determine the biophysical, social performance, income level and feasibility of a silvofishery system pond business. The research was conducted using descriptive methods with survey techniques. The research results show that the silvofishery ponds at the research location use a partite pond model. From the analysis of biophysical properties, overall results were obtained, the conditions were suitable for the development of milkfish and tiger prawn cultivation. From social performance, the results showed that silvofishery system pond farmers are still of productive age and have an average pond area of 5 ha. The income obtained from silvofishery system ponds is IDR 19,560,000/ha/year/farmer. Silvofishery pond system If the R/C value is greater than 1, then silvofishery pond farming is worth pursuing.

Feasibility Study Area and Dissolved Oxygen Carrying Capacity of Silvofishery Pond on the Coastal Area

The aim of this research are to assess the feasibility of water and soil quality in silvofishery cultivation areas and to determine the environmental carrying capacity of the cultivation. The methods employed include Water Quality Index (WQI), Soil Quality Index (SQI), carrying capacity, and correlation analysis of parameters. The concentration of COD in the silvofishery pond water ranges from 705.34-749.50 mg.L-1, and the total nitrogen content in the soil ranges from 7-8 mg.L-1. The COD parameter in water shows a strong correlation with dissolved oxygen. The soil type parameter silt is correlated with redox potential, while the clay soil type is correlated with sand soil. The variance in data for water and soil quality variables is considered significant as per cluster analysis. The WQI values range from 0.47-0.85, categorized as poor, good, and excellent. The SQI values range from 0.52-0.77, falling into the good and excellent categories. The carrying capacity of dissolved oxygen ranges from 0.7-1.99 kg.ha-1, indicating that if the DO concentration is below this range, oxygen depletion may occur in the silvofishery pond. The research results indicate that the water and soil quality in the silvofishery pond is still sufficiently suitable for silvofishery activities. The carrying capacity of dissolved oxygen in the silvofishery pond is deemed adequate for operational silvofishery activities, ranging from 14.26-15.87 kg.ha-1. This implies that the silvofishery cultivation system is capable of enhancing aquaculture productivity while minimizing environmental pollution in the surrounding aquatic areas resulting from the waste generated during aquaculture operations.

Relationship Between Abundance of Clamydomonas spp and Chlorella spp on Clinical Performance of Red Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Silvofishery Ponds

Abstract Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. are plankton genera that can be used to determine the level of balance in the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the abundance of plankton Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. and its relation to the clinical performance of red tilapia in silvofishery ponds. The research method used is an ex post facto causal design with random sampling. The results showed that the water quality in the silvofishery ponds was very good, except for the nitrate parameters of 0.00-1.50 mg/L and salinity of 2-11 gr/L, which exceeded the quality standards. In the silvofishery ponds, 5 plankton classes were found, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Protozoa, and Dinophysis, consisting of 15 genera. The dominant class Chlorophyceae had an abundance of 2.88E+06 cells/ml. The class Chlorophyceae is dominated by Chlorella spp. (2.63E+06 cells/ml) and Chlamydomonas spp. (2.20E+05 cells/ml). The abundance of Chlamydomonas spp. in silvofishery ponds is closely related to phosphate solubility (0.988). Based on observations of clinical symptoms on the eyes, gills, and fins of fish, no disease infections or physical abnormalities were found in the fish cultured in silvofishery ponds. Fish tend to live well with a growth rate of 0.44 g/day. The aquatic ecosystem of the silvofishery pond, which is dominated by the plankton Chlorella spp. and Chlamydomonas spp., had a good effect on the performance and condition of the farmed fish. This study concludes that the abundance of Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. was very dominant compared to other plankton genera. The presence of Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. illustrates good and stable environmental conditions in silvofishery ponds, followed by no clinical signs of disease infection in the fish reared during the study period.

Performance of Windu Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Cultivated in a Silvofishery Pond with the Application of Phytoimmune®

This study aim to evaluated the effects of using FITOIMUN® (mixture Boesenbergia pandurata and Solanum ferox), in pellet feed on tiger prawn (P. monodon) survival, weight gain, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. A t-test with two treatments and four replications was did in this investigation. In this treatment, phytoimmune concentrations were 0 mLkg (PO) and 24 mL/kg (P1). The UPTD Seed Center for Brackish Water and Seawater Manggar provided the tiger prawn (P. monodon) used by PL 42 0,10±0,30 g. Feeding the addition of the extract with a dose equal to 5% of the shrimp's weight three times per day at 08.00, 13.00, and 17.00 WITA. Shrimp are culturing in empang parit silvofishery ponds using cages that are 4x2x1,1 m in size with 8 plots of waring as barriers. Shrimp care is done for 4 weeks, and growth observations are made as well as weekly survival tests. According to the findings, survival was 70% at P1 and 68% at P0. The results of weighing the average value at PO (0,38 g) and P1 (0,48 g), the daily growth rate of the average value at PO (4,07%) and P1 (5,91%), and the conversion ratio feed at P0 (1,78) and P1 (1,73). In this investigation, the average water quality was 28,90°C, 19,2 ppt of salinity, 7,33 pH, and 4,31 ppm of DO. The results of feeding tiger prawns (P. monodon) FITOIMUNⓇ 24 mL/kg feed revealed higher values for survival, weight increase, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio but no substantially different results (P>0, 05).

Plankton community profile in silvofishery ponds

The aim of research it was to analysis of the plankton community profile in silvofishery ecosystems. The research method used in this study is a descriptive method with research data collection using the concept of causal ex-pose facto design in 4 adaptive silvofishery ponds. The results showed that plankton in 4 research ponds was found in as many as 5 classes consisting of 15 genera of plankton. The plankton abundance in the ponds ranged from 2.50E+03-2.63E+06 cells/ml. The most plankton dominant was Chlorella sp. 2.63E+03 cell/ml and Oschillatoria sp. 6.33E+05 cell/ml. Plankton abundance by class was Chlorophyta 2.88E+06 cell/ml, Cyanophyta 6.83E+05 cell/ml, Dinoflagellates 1.95E+05 cell/ml, Chrysophyta 9.50E+04 cell/ml, and Protozoa 1.75E+04 cell/ml. Water quality conditions at the silvofishery pond site were pH 7.85, dissolved oxygen 12.25 mg/L, salinity 7 g/L, temperature 28.83°C, nitrate 1.00 mg/L, nitrite 0.05 mg/L, ammonia 0.08 mg/L, and phosphate 0.07 mg/L, overall the water quality parameters are still following water quality standards for fish farming. The conclusion from this analysis is that the most dominant type of plankton class in this adaptive silvofishery culture is Chlorophyta with the most dominant genus Chlorella sp. which has an abundance level far above another genus.

Silvofishery: In What Mangrove Coverage Condition Can this System Provide Benefits for the Community?

This article aims to explore and discuss silvofishery pond management and aquaculture by providing space for mangroves in ponds. This study focuses on the management of ponds for milkfish, crab, and shrimp cultivation in Tanjung Rejo Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. A field study has been conducted for 6 months, during which data were collected from 21 silvofishery ponds using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) series analysis. Results show that the existence of extensive mangroves in ponds leads to good production in mangrove crab cultivation, which is supported by the natural shrimp and fish populations that enter at high tide in ponds, due to the benefits of mangroves as a habitat for mangrove crabs and brackish water fisheries. A small amount of mangrove area is concentrated on milkfish cultivation, which is supported by the addition of natural fish from outside the pond at high tide. The average income from silvofishery ponds, in Indonesian Rupiahs (IDR), is IDR 13,201,243 per ha. From this, it can be ascertained that the mangrove area is related to the amount of production in silvofishery ponds: the greater the use of mangroves in ponds, the more effective the cultivation and the greater the impact on fishermen's incomes. At an alpha level of 10%, all the direct hypotheses tested have a significant effect.

INCREASING RISK OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SILVOFISHERY PONDS

This research aims to observe the concentration of organic matter, Pb and Cd in a silvofishery pond, to study the toxicity level status, to analyze changes in their concentration within a year’s period, and to analyze the correlation between the concentration and changes. The research was conducted through field observation and laboratory analysis from May 2016 to July 2017, which included five observation activities. Statistical analysis was conducted by using ANOVA and correlation tests. The results show that the concentration of organic matter, Pb and Cd, was increasing in all five observations. Throughout the research, the ranges of organic matter, Pb and Cd, were recorded at 1.60–3.30 mg/kg, 3.130–8.230 mg/kg, and 1.089–2.820 mg/kg, respectively. In all observations, toxicity level showed that Cd concentration in the sediment had exceeded the standards recommended by US EPA (≤1.0 mg/kg) and ANZECC & ARMCANZ (≤1.5 mg/kg), while Pb was within the safe range (≤21 mg/kg and ≤50 mg/kg). The correlation analysis showed that the concentration and accumulation of Pb and Cd were highly related, which indicated the possibility of the same pollutant sources. Recommendations for a better management plan to avoid heavy metal accumulation in silvofishery ponds would include the arrangement of mangrove plants in inlet canals and periodic pruning to hinder heavy metal from returning to the environment through litter fall.

INCREASING RISK OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SILVOFISHERY PONDS

This research aims to observe the concentration of organic matter, Pb and Cd in a silvofishery pond, to study the toxicity level status, to analyze changes in their concentration within a year’s period, and to analyze the correlation between the concentration and changes. The research was conducted through field observation and laboratory analysis from May 2016 to July 2017, which included five observation activities. Statistical analysis was conducted by using ANOVA and correlation tests. The results show that the concentration of organic matter, Pb and Cd, was increasing in all five observations. Throughout the research, the ranges of organic matter, Pb and Cd, were recorded at 1.60–3.30 mg/kg, 3.130–8.230 mg/kg, and 1.089–2.820 mg/kg, respectively. In all observations, toxicity level showed that Cd concentration in the sediment had exceeded the standards recommended by US EPA (≤1.0 mg/kg) and ANZECC & ARMCANZ (≤1.5 mg/kg), while Pb was within the safe range (≤21 mg/kg and ≤50 mg/kg). The correlation analysis showed that the concentration and accumulation of Pb and Cd were highly related, which indicated the possibility of the same pollutant sources. Recommendations for a better management plan to avoid heavy metal accumulation in silvofishery ponds would include the arrangement of mangrove plants in inlet canals and periodic pruning to hinder heavy metal from returning to the environment through litter fall.

MANAGEMENT OF SILVOFISHERY PONDS BASED ON PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND MOTIVATION IN COASTAL AREA OF PANGKEP REGENCY

This study aims to analyze the management pattern of integrated mangrove ponds (silvofishery) as a form of creating an environmentally friendly ecosystem and the sustainable use of its resources. The study was conducted through direct observation of three silvofishery patterns that were developed based on the level of knowledge and motivation of the farm-pond community in the coastal area of archipelago Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. The research variables consist of 3 integrated management patterns, namely: 1) embankment path pattern, 2) trench path pattern, and 3) complangan pond pattern. These three patterns want to know their contribution to the production of Chanos chanos biomass, Penaeid shrimp, and Scylla sp., as a natural biodiversity and as indicator of environmentally friendly and sustainable ecosystems. Knowledge and motivation data on environmental management (silvofishery) are analyzed based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Whereas the production of 3 silvofishery patterns were analyzed by Anova by SRD (0.05) test. The results showed knowledge and motivation contribute positively to the management of integrated silvofishery patterns. Furthermore, these three patterns of silvofishery contribute positively in maintaining pond production (milkfish, shrimp and crab), where the silvofishery pond pattern gives a greater influence value, and supports the realization of sustainable management of integrated ecosystems of mangroves and ponds.

The impact of mangrove plantation in ponds on the secondary metabolite content

Planting of mangrove vegetation integratively in silvofishery pond alters the possibility of metabolite accumulation pattern. This research aimed to analyze the metabolite content in mangrove root and leaf of Avicennia marina, to analyze the difference of metabolite content between pond and shore area, and to analyze the correlation of metabolite content between the root and the leaf. The research was carried out through field sampling in Mangunharjo Village followed by laboratory analysis for alkaloid, phenol and terpenoid content. Samples were taken from A. marina root and leaf planted in the pond and shore areas by triplication. Data analysis were including t-test and correlation. The result showed that total alkaloid and total phenol content was varied between growing location. Significant differences between pond and shore mangrove metabolites were obtained for total alkaloid content in the root and total phenol content in the leaf. Correlation analysis between root and leaf metabolite contents showed its significance for total phenol content in the pond area. The research implied that mangrove in pond area underwent higher environmental stress compared to the ones in shore area.

Mangrove vegetation supports milkfish production in silvofishery pond

The present study reports mangrove vegetation to support the milkfish (Chanos chanos) production in the silvofishery pond. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the densities of mangrove vegetation on C. chanos cultivation in a silvofishery pond and to determine the factors that influence milkfish production. 10,000 milkfish fries with a size of 3-4 cm were cultivated for six months in the silvofishery pond on sapling and seedling density based. The collection of milkfish production data was observed when harvesting was carried out. There are three mangrove vegetation inside the pond detected, including Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and Avicennia marina. Average water temperature measured in sapling dominance pond was 29-31.5 °C and seedling dominance pond 2 was 3031.5 °C. The density of mangrove sapling domination was 870 individual, 265 fish average weight of 147.4 g/milkfish yielding 39.1 kg while on seedling dominance has a density of mangrove of 695 individuals, with the level of fish was 436, average fish weight 95 g/milkfish yielded 41.4 kg. This research provided consideration for decision makers in implementing sustainable mangrove management policies.

Introducing of a silvofishery pond on sapling and seedling density based in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatera

The present study reports the introducing of mangrove management through community-based silvofishery pond according to the density of sapling and seedling stage in Lubuk Kertang village, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The vegetation in the silvofishery pond consisted of Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and Avicennia marina. Silvofishery pond was introduced with an area total of 8,484 m2, with an area of 0.4242 ha in each pond of dominated seedlings and saplings, respectively. In the predominated seedling density over sapling showing almost twice found that seedling density consisted of 297 individual/ha which domination of R. apiculata compared to sapling density of 144 individual/ha. Similarly, 726 individual/ha was recorded in the sapling stage, where R. mucronata dominated. Furthermore, the seedling density in the sapling domination ponds for the seedling level was 398 individual/ha. R. mucronata detected in ponds with sapling dominance and seedling domination generally located in the middle part of the pond. By contrast, R. apiculata dominated the seedling level either in the seedlings or saplings stage. Introducing silvofishery with seedling and sapling stages should use recommended species such R. mucronata and R. apiculata to sustain nutrient of fish and to generate high phytoplankton growth.

The Effect of Compost Application in the Silvofishery Pond with Different Mangrove Species on the Phytoplankton Community

The effort in improving water quality of fishponds could be conducted with various methods, including the integration of mangrove trees known as silvofishery. However, an additional method could be applied by deploying compost. This research aimed to study the distribution of phytoplankton community in the silvofishery pond and to analyze the impact of compost application in the silvofishery pond planted with different mangrove species. The research was conducted in September 2017. Three silvofishery ponds planted with mangrove species Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and mixed of both and one control pond were utilized. Compost was deployed in the silvofishery pond as much as 2 kg for 25 m2 area. The sampling of phytoplankton was conducted one week after the compost deployment. Data analysis was conducted for diversity index, while statistical analysis was conducted by chi-square. The result showed that the deployment of compost could slightly improve water quality. There were only five phytoplankton species with total density of 85 ind.l−1 in the control pond, while ponds with A. marina, R. mucronata and mixed of mangrove consisted of 7 species (155 ind.l−1), 7 species (119 ind.l−1) and 5 species (103 ind.l−1) respectively. Diversity index showed medium values (1.56-1.95) with high evenness values (0.97 – 1.0). Chi-square analysis showed that each treatment has a significantly different composition of phytoplankton.

Adaptability and growth performance of Avicennia marina seedling within Silvofishery pond

The application of silvofishery pond raised the question on the suitability of particular mangrove species to be integrated. This research aimed to study the survival and growth rate of Avicennia marina seedling within silvofishery pond, to analyze its growth performance compared to its natural habitat and to determine the appropriateness of A. marina plantation in the silvofishery pond. Experiment was designed to apply variation of mangrove composition, including pure (monoculture) and mixed (polyculture) mangrove species. The experiment was conducted for a year involving 5 observations periods to 27 expected samples with 3 months interval. Data collection was conducted to seedling survival, height and diameter. The result showed low survival of A. marina during the research. Survival of A. marina in pure (monoculture) treatment was fluctuated among periods with the ranged of 1 – 7 stands, while in the mixed (polyculture) treatment was ranged from 1 – 3 stands. Average height growth was higher in the pure (monoculture) treatment with 41.94 mm.month-1, 96.43 mm/month, 95.60 mm/month and 39.56 mm/month compared to 41.94 mm/month, 50.55 mm/month, 41.21 mm/month and 37.91 mm/month in the mixed (polyculture) treatment respectively for the first, second, third and forth periods. While the diameter growth was fluctuated. This result indicated better growth performance compared to previous researches. This research concluded that mangrove silvofishery pond environment is not suitable for the establishment of A. marina, even though it might provide a good growth performance. But, this species is not recommended for plantation in the pond due to its low survival which inhibit ecosystem establishment and expected environmental services.

Potential Re-utilization of Composted Mangrove Litters for Pond Environment Quality Improvement

Production of mangrove litter from pruning and thinning activities is potential source of organic materials which could be re-utilized to improve pond environment quality and fertility. This research aimed to analyze the nutrient composition compost produced from mangrove litter and to describe the effect of compost application on pond quality. This research was conducted through two phases, including composting trial and application of compost on pond trial. Composting process was conducted for 45-60 days on mangrove litter achieved from pruning activities in the silvofishery pond using composting container, while application of compost in pond was conducted by pouring 2 kg of compost in 25 m2 pond. Production of compost included solid compost and liquid compost. Nutrient concentration of solid compost was ranged from 0.47-0.52% for N; 0.36-0.44% for P; and 5.45-6.39% for organic C, while liquid compost provided 0.62-0.69%; 0.24-0.32%; and 3.98-4.45% respectively for N, P and organic C. While C/N ratio was ranged from 11.60-12.78 and 5.77-7.18 respectively for solid and liquid compost. Solid compost quality resulted that N, P and C/N ration had fulfilled the standart criteria defined by Indonesia National Standart for compost. Observed impact of compost application on pond water quality were the improvement of water clarity and increasing abundance of klekap (lab-lab). This showed that mangrove litters could be converted into a more productive materials to enhance pond environment quality and productivity, decrease management cost and increase benefit. Scheduled fertilization with compost is suggested to be conducted to provide best benefit on silvofishery management.

Growth characteristics of mangrove seedling in silvofishery pond – the allometric relationship of height, diameter and leaf abundance

Dynamic environment condition of the silvofishery pond should provide an effect on the growth of mangrove seedling. This research aimed to observe the morphometric growth rate of mangrove seedling of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata planted in the silvofishery pond and to analyze the morphometric growth relationship of height, diameter and leaf number development of mangrove seedling. The research was conducted through field experiment involving mangrove species of A. marina and R. mucronata for 18 months during March 2015 to September 2016, both single structured and mixed structure. The observation was conducted every 13 weeks including seedling height, diameter and number of leaves. Data analysis was conducted by regression to provide the statistical relation between the growth of diameter – height, diameter – number of leaves and height – number of leaves. The result showed that the growth rate of A. marina in single structured pond was ranged from 0.38 – 3.00 cm.wk-1, 0.0015 – 0.0969 cm.wk−1 and 0.1 – 13.7 leaves.wk−1 respectively for height, diameter and number of leaves, while in mixed structure was 0.23 – 1.69 cm.wk−1, 0.0169 – 0.0731 cm.wk−1 and 0.5 – 14.0 leaves.wk-. The growth of R. mucronata respectively in single and mixed structure were 0.08 – 2.00 cm.wk−1 and 0.15 – 2.62 cm.wk−1, 0.0031 – 0.1369 cm.wk−1 and 0.0008 – 0.0831 cm.wk−1 and 0.0 – 1.9 leaves.wk−1 and 0.0 – 1.6 leaves.wk-1respectively for height, diameter and number of leaves. Data analysis showed that the growth of seedling height of Avicennia in the mixed structure was significantly affected by its diameter growth and the number of leaves of Avicennia in single structured was significantly affected by its diameter. While the height, diameter and number of leaves of R. mucronata both in mixed and single structured silvofishery ponds were independent to each other. This research concluded that mangrove seedling growth is varied among species and growth environment.

Improving Silvofishery Management Through Seedling Growth – Environment Quality Dynamic Relation Analysis

<p>Mangrove plants are sensitive to environment condition. This research aimed to analyze the linkages of mangrove growth and environment dynamics and to estimate the growth of mangrove along with the environment dynamics. The research was conducted through the field experiment by the plantation of A. marina in silvofishery pond canals. Data collection was conducted for 18 months with 3 months observation interval. The environment variables observed including temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, TSS, sediment organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the growth of mangrove seedling. Analysis was conducted through regression and modelling with Powersim software. The result showed that the height growth was affected by dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, turbidity and pH, while the diameter growth was affected by TSS concentration. Inversely, the growth of mangrove also had a significant effect on temperature, change of organic matter and nutrient sediment concentration. Simulation showed that the height and diameter growth rates of A. marina seedling were dynamically changed among periods. Simulated seedling growth for one year forecast resulted in the rate of 0.115024 to 0.282294 cm/day for height and 0.001287 to 0.006031 cm/day for diameter. The simulation also indicated the continuous accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen over time. This research concluded that under limited environment dynamic, the growth of mangrove could be estimated. This model is a novelty in ecological studies. This research might initiates the more advanced ecological studies. Systematic estimation of ecosystem behaviour could be applied to formulate the best management practices, particularly in the silvofishery activities.</p>

Analysis on the Absolute Growth Rate of Rhizophora mucronata Seedling in Silvicultural Pond Canals by the Influence of Initial Condition and Changes of Environment Quality

<p>Mangrove seedling growth in silvofishery pond is limited to water quality dynamics while the water quality dynamically changes. This research aimed to study the changes of environmental factor condition in silvofishery pond and to analyze its impacts on the growth of mangrove seedling. Research experiment involved18 treatment plots with mangrove Rhizophora mucronata seedling. Observed parameters included temperature, turbidity, salinity, pH, DO, TSS, BO, N and P. Calculation was conducted for the deviation of each parameters. Mangrove growth parameters were including height and diameter growth while its data processing was absolute daily growth. Data analysis was conducted through regression. The result showed there were changes on environment parameters. Growth rate of R. mucronata showed variations on absolute daily height growth rate range of 0.215-3.333 mm/day (average 1.296 ±0.036 mm/day), while absolute daily diameter growth rate range was 2.15x10-3-0.196 mm/day (average 4.25x10-2 ± 3.59x10-2 mm/day). The analysis of regression showed several parameters effectedthe growth of mangrove seedlings including temperature, temperature change, turbidty, salinity change, pH, pH change, and DO on the growth of R. mucronata seedlings. This research concluded that environment parameters and its changes had significant effects on the growth of mangrove seedling. </p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Hastuti, E., & Budihastuti, R. (2016). Analysis on the Absolute Growth Rate of Rhizophora mucronata Seedling in Silvicultural Pond Canals by the Influence of Initial Condition and Changes of Environment Quality. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education</em>, 8(1), 56-63.</p>

VARIASI PERTUMBUHAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DAN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) PADA BUDIDAYA POLIKULTUR TAMBAK WANAMINA DENGAN JENIS VEGETASI MANGROVE YANG BERBEDA DI KOTA SEMARANG

The effort to support silvofishery application is needed to maintain the sustainability of coastal resources utilization. But, inappropriate knowledge of the aquaculturists and lack of evidence concerning the application of silvofishery in aquabusiness became the major problems of the effort. This research aimed to study the effect of silvofishery system with different mangrove specieses to the growth of Tiger shrimp and Milkfish. The research was conducted through experiment involving Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata and control pond (without mangrove vegetation) as comparison. While the cultured biota including Tiger shrimp and Milkfish with polyculture system. The research was conducted with 2 replication for 3 months (90 days). The observation factors including the growth of culture biota including total length, standart lengt and weight. The result showed that the growth of Tiger shrimp was optimum in silvofishery pond involving Rhizophora mucronata. While the growth of Milkfish was optimum in silvofishery pond invlving Avicennia marina. Total length of Tiger shrimp from the experiment ranged from 10,3 – 19,6 cm at control pond; 10,3 – 20,6 cm at Avicennia pond; and 17,5 – 19,8 cm at Rhizophora pond. While standart length of Tiger shrimp ranged from 4,0 – 7,5 cm at control pond; 3,5 – 15,5 cm at Avicennia pond and 7,3 – 8,0 cm at Rhizophora pond. While the weight of Tiger shrimp ranged from 5 – 60 gr at control pond; 15 – 70 gr at Avicennia pond and 50 – 75 gr at Rhizophora pond. Measurement on the growth of Milkfish showed the range of total length from 11,0 – 28,5 cm at control pond; 22,3 – 32,0 cm at Avicennia pond and 17,5 – 28,5 at Rhizophora pond. While standart length of Milkfish ranged from 4,0 – 20,7 cm at control pond; Avicennia pond range from 17,8 – 25,5 cm; and Rhizophora pond ranged from 13,9 – 23,4 cm. Average weight of Milkfish ranged from 5 – 140 gr at control pond; 90 – 240 gr at Avicennia pond and 50 – 250 gr at Rhizophora pond.