Formation Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effect of Topical Silver Nanoparticle Formulation on Wound Bacteria Clearance and Healing in Patients With Infected Wounds Compared to Standard Topical Antibiotic Application: A Randomized Open-Label Parallel Clinical Trial

Effect of Topical Silver Nanoparticle Formulation on Wound Bacteria Clearance and Healing in Patients With Infected Wounds Compared to Standard Topical Antibiotic Application: A Randomized Open-Label Parallel Clinical Trial

Viscose fibers decorated with silver nanoparticles via an in-situ green route: UV protection, antioxidant activities, antimicrobial properties, and sensing response

AbstractMultifunctional cellulosic fibers are in high demand for use in a variety of applications. Functional cellulosic fibers obtained through green and sustainable approaches are getting special attention because of the need to limit the environmental impact of hazardous chemicals. Herein, a novel facile, efficient, and eco-friendly approach for multifunctional viscose fibers@Ag NPs (VF-Ag) was designed by a rapid, facile, and one-pot biosynthesis green route using guava leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. UV–Vis, TEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XPS were used to analyze the formation of silver nanoparticles and their subsequent deposition on the surface of viscose fibers. The silver nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of viscose fibers endowed a yellow/brownish color to the fibers as well as improving the dyeing with reactive dye. The VF-Ag samples have multifunctional properties like protective activities against UV radiation and microorganisms, antioxidant activity, and sensor ability toward Hg2+. The results demonstrated that the UPF values of VF-Ag samples ranged from 280 to 355 compared to 103 for VF. The antioxidant activities of VF-Ag ranged from 79 to 85% compared to 9% for VF. VF-Ag samples exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, very good activities against yeast, and low activities against fungus.VF and VF-Ag were dyed using reactive dye (CI-reactive blue-19) at two color intensities (2.5, and 5%). The results show that the color of VF turned blue, while the color of VF-Ag turned greenish. The color strength of VF-Ag significantly increased with increasing silver content. Furthermore, VF-Ag showed high sensitivity to naked-eye colorimetric sensing for the detection of Hg2+. In straightforward, this innovative approach provides an easy, quick, and low-cost that will open the door for a range of versatile applications for modified viscose fibers in the fields of medical and analytical applications.

BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM THE LEAF EXTRACT OF PREMNA INTIGRIFOLIA L. AS A POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENT

Objective: In this study, plant-based silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized from Premna integrifolia leaf extract to test the viability towards anticancer properties. Methods: Preliminary identification of silver nanoparticles was validated by Visual observation and confirmed for the characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Further synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against non-small lung cancer cells (A549) by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Aqueous leaf extract of Premna intigrifolia was synthesized for silver nanoparticles and showed an average size from 35nm to 100 nm through SEM studies. EDX showed a strong signal confirming the formation of silver nanoparticles in the metallic silver region at 5Kev, and the FTIR spectrum showed changes in some peaks of the aqueous extract with functional groups. The newly synthesized silver nanoparticles showed significant anticancer properties targeting lung cancer A549 cell line against standard drug Epotoside with a 50% Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of 78.431 µg. Conclusion: The results affirm that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can be used as an alternative to chemical medicines to cure cancer.

From nature to nanoparticles: Synthesizing silver nanoparticles from Moortalkh plant leaves with potent antibacterial properties

The unique characteristics of nanoparticles, compared to non-nanomaterials, have led to their widespread and increasing use in various fields, especially medicine. Producing nanoparticles using inexpensive, biocompatible, and non-toxic methods is of great importance. Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles is one desirable method that has gained attention in recent years. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous extract of Moortalkh plant leaves at room temperature and pressure. The obtained nanoparticles were evaluated using various tests including UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR], X-ray diffraction [XRD], field emission scanning electron microscopy [FESEM], and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]. The presence of an absorption peak at the 458 nm region in the UV–vis spectrum of silver nanoparticles indicated the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles, confirming their formation. The XRD analysis results revealed the crystalline nature of the silver nanoparticles, exhibiting face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and an average size of 6.18 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of active molecules from the leaf extract of the Moortalkh plant and their role in the formation and stability of silver nanoparticles. FESEM and TEM analyses showed spherical morphology of nanoparticles with average sizes of 5 to 15 nm and 6.2 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains was investigated, and the results indicated excellent antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles.

Sustainable in situ synthesis of silver/titanium dioxide/organofunctional trialkoxysilane nanocomposite coatings on cotton fabric to tailor superior multifunctional protective properties

Multifunctional properties are crucial for the production of high-quality technical textiles. In this study, a cotton fabric with simultaneously superior UV-protection, self-sterilisation, photocatalytic self-cleaning and flame retardant properties was produced using a sol–gel/hydrothermal process, in which titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as a titanium dioxide (TiO2) precursor was combined for the first time with mixtures of organofunctional trialkoxysiloxanes, i.e., 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl methylphosphonate (TPMP) as a P-based flame retardant and dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (SiQAC) or aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the antimicrobial, biobarrier-forming precursors. The latter was used in two increased concentrations of APTES1 and APTES2. A sol–gel/hydrothermal approach was employed with a small amount of silver nitrate (AgNO3) added during the hydrothermal treatment to produce Ag-loaded TiO2. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful functionalisation of TiO2 by TPMP, SiQAC and APTES through the formation of Si–O–Ti bonds and the well-dispersed Ag/TiO2/TPMP/SiQAC, Ag/TiO2/TPMP/APTES1 and Ag/TiO2/TPMP/APTES2 coatings on the surface of the cotton fabric. The type of biobarrier-forming precursor significantly influenced the formation of the Ag species after the Ag loading of TiO2. The presence of SiQAC induced the formation of AgCl crystals, while APTES controlled the formation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which was more pronounced at the lower APTES1 concentration. The interactions between the coating components significantly influenced the functional protection performance, with the highest level of cooperation achieved in the Ag/TiO2/TPMP/SiQAC and Ag/TiO2/TPMP/APTES1 coatings, which exhibited the best overall multifunctionality, albeit with certain drawbacks. While the Ag/TiO2/TPMP/APTES1 coating provided excellent UV protection for the cotton, this was only improved by the Ag/TiO2/TPMP/SiQAC coating. At the same time, the Ag/TiO2/TPMP/APTES1 coating impaired the development of the char barrier by TPMP, which is due to the formation of Ag NPs. Nevertheless, both coatings showed high photocatalytic self-cleaning performance, complete self-sterilisation activity and improved burning behaviour.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by waste of Murcott Mandarin peel as a sustainable approach for efficient heavy metal removal from metal industrial wastewater

This study introduces a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using waste from Murcott Mandarin peel (Citrus reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis (L.) Obs.). By repurposing agricultural waste as a precursor for nanoparticle synthesis, the research not only reduces waste but also aligns with green chemistry principles. The synthesis process involved extracting bioactive compounds from Murcott Mandarin peel, which acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle formation. Characterization techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirmed the successful formation of silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrated exceptional efficiency in removing heavy metals from metal industrial wastewater, particularly lead ions. Batch experiments revealed significant adsorption capabilities, with lead ions being uptake by silver nanoparticles at a rate of 42.7 mg/g under optimal conditions of pH 5.5 and 60 min of stirring. Additionally, Murcott Mandarin Solid Residue (MM-SR) obtained from the filtration process during Ag-NP synthesis exhibited promising lead ion uptake, reaching 6.6 mg/g under the same optimal conditions. The eco-friendly synthesis route and the efficient heavy metal removal capabilities of silver nanoparticles underscore the potential of utilizing agricultural waste in nanomaterial synthesis for wastewater treatment. This approach not only tackles waste disposal challenges but also generates value-added materials with practical applications in environmental management. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of exploring innovative and sustainable pathways for nanoparticle synthesis, highlighting the promising role of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Murcott Mandarin peel waste in cost-effective and environmentally benign strategies for heavy metal removal in metal industrial wastewater treatment.

Tuning the CO2 Reduction Selectivity of an Immobilized Molecular Ag Complex beyond CO.

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce fuels and chemicals has garnered significant attention. However, achieving control over the selectivity of the resulting products remains a challenging task, particularly within molecular systems. In this study, we employed a molecular silver complex immobilized on graphitized mesoporous carbon (GMC) as a catalyst for converting CO2 into CO, achieving an impressive selectivity of over 90% at -1.05 V vs RHE. Notably, the newly formed silver nanoparticles emerged as the active sites responsible for this high CO selectivity rather than the molecular system. Intriguingly, the introduction of copper ions into the restructured Ag-nanoparticle-decorated carbon altered the product selectivity. At -1.1 V vs RHE in 0.1 M KCl, we achieved a high C2 selectivity of 75%. Furthermore, not only the Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticle but also the small-sized Ag-Cu nanocluster decorated over GMC was proposed as active sites during catalytic reactions. Our straightforward approach offers valuable insights for fine-tuning the product selectivity of immobilized molecular systems, extending beyond C1 products.

Carbons confined silver nanoclusters decorated carbon fiber electrodes toward electrochemical sensor of dihydroxyphenol and heavy metal ions

The development of electrochemical sensors based on noble metals has presented remarkable opportunities and challenges for the detection of trace phenols and heavy metal ions. However, the high costs of precious metals hinder the practical implementation of electrode materials. Enhancing the utilization efficiency of precious metals on the electrode surface is a crucial step toward improving electrochemical sensors based on these valuable materials. In this study, the morphology and utilization rate of silver nanoparticles were regulated by decorating nanofilms with different dimensions on carbon fiber electrodes. Specifically, the polypyrrole-derived carbon film coating enabled the material to have a large electroactive area and silver loading capacity. Simultaneously, the limiting effect of graphene quantum dots formed silver nanoparticles into silver clusters and achieved excellent electrochemical detection performance for dihydroxyphenol and heavy metal ions. Compared with silver nanoparticles, silver clusters provide higher electrocatalytic power and atomic utilization of silver. This study provides technical support for the trace analysis of environmental pollutants.

A facile cleaner approach towards the synthesis of silver-doped cardanol-based hydrophobic antimicrobial and anticorrosive polymeric coating material

This work reports the solvent, catalyst and cross-linker free green synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped cardanol-based multifunctional polymer nanocomposite (PNC) coatings. The interaction of Ag ions with the polymeric backbone and in-situ formation of nanoparticles (NP) was confirmed by various characterization techniques. The optimum curing temperature (120-170oC) and Ag concentration (1%) required for the free-standing film/coating with durable mechanical and chemical resistant properties in acidic/basic/salt solutions was studied. The high gel content (degree of crosslinking, 98%) and thermal stability up to 345 °C endorse the formulation of a well-cross-linked polymeric film/coating. XRD (approx. 27 nm) indicated the formation of crystalline silver nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, whereas SEM and TEM explored the distribution (200-700 nm). EIS studies for three weeks in 3.5% NaCl solution showed the exceptional corrosion inhibition efficiency (98-91%) of the coatings on steel substrate. The stable coating resistance value (MΩ.cm-2) throughout the study highlights the formation of a hydrophobic barrier with good resistance against the corrosive ions. Additionally, the potent antibacterial impact against Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, and the antifungal activity of the nanocomposite were attributed to the presence of Ag in the PNC. The multifunctional properties arise from the in-situ formed nanostructure and its synergistic effect with the biopolymer matrix projects its versatile industrial application.

Pharmacological Effect of In Vitro Antioxidant Property and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Utilizing Murraya koenigii Antibacterial Application

ABSTRACT Background: Nonessential heavy metals pose a significant threat to human health due to their toxicity. Mercury, in particular, is identified as a hazardous metal. The study aims to detect mercury using colorimetric analysis with Murraya koenigii, emphasizing the eco-friendliness of the method. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective is to detect mercury using a colorimetric analysis method employing Murraya koenigii. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the eco-friendliness of this detection method. Materials and Methods: Colorimetric analysis was conducted using Murraya koenigii to detect mercury. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was employed to detect the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data analysis was performed to determine the crystalline nature and size of AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to visualize the morphology of AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to identify functional groups involved in reducing silver ions. Antibacterial properties of synthesized AgNPs were tested against various microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. Results: Mercury was successfully detected using colorimetric analysis with Murraya koenigii. Formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, with a characteristic SPR band at 418 nm. AgNPs were found to be crystalline with an average size of 5.20 nm, as determined by XRD analysis. SEM images revealed spherical and polycrystalline AgNPs. FTIR spectra indicated the involvement of the -OH group of compounds in the extract in reducing silver ions. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited antibacterial properties against various microorganisms. Conclusion: A sustainable and eco-friendly method for synthesizing AgNPs using Murraya koenigii extract was successfully developed. This method not only detected mercury but also demonstrated antibacterial properties against various microorganisms. The study underscores the health implications of nonessential heavy metals, emphasizing the importance of eco-friendly detection and mitigation methods.

Highly sensitive plasmonic paper substrate fabricated via amphiphilic polymer self-assembly in microdroplet for detection of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants

We report an innovative and facile approach to fabricating an ultrasensitive plasmonic paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The approach exploits the self-assembling capability of poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymers to form a thin film at the air-liquid interface within the single microdroplet scale for the first time and the subsequent in situ growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The concentration of the block copolymer was found to play an essential role in stabilizing the droplets during the mass transfer phase and formation of silver nanoparticles, thus influencing the SERS signals. SEM analysis of the morphology of the plasmonic paper substrates revealed the formation of spherical AgNPs evenly distributed across the surface of the formed copolymer film with a size distribution of 47.5 nm. The resultant enhancement factor was calculated to be 1.2 × 107, and the detection limit of rhodamine 6G was as low as 48.9 pM. The nanohybridized plasmonic paper was successfully applied to detect two emerging pollutants—sildenafil and flibanserin—with LODs as low as 1.48 nM and 3.45 nM, respectively. Thus, this study offers new prospects for designing an affordable and readily available, yet highly sensitive, paper-based SERS substrate with the potential for development as a lab-on-a-chip device.

Antibacterial and anticancer activity of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using polysaccharides extracted from the marine alga Portieria hornemannii

The increasing incidence of cancer cases and multi-drug-resistant bacteria, which are major threats to humankind, forces the research world to innovate new molecules to deal with them. The main aim of the present work is to prepare silver nanoparticles using macroalgal polysaccharides and to study biological activities. The silver nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using polysaccharides extracted from the marine macro alga Portieria hornemannii by stirring them with 1 mM silver nitrate after 24 h at 90 ºC. The formed silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. UV-visible spectrum analysis revealed a surface plasmon peak at 380 nm, showing the development of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticle size varied between 40 and 50 nm and the functional group was analyzed using FT-IR spectrum. The broadband was observed at 3304 cm-1 (hydroxyl and amino group) and the narrow band was observed at 2907 cm-1 (C–H stretching vibration), 1657 cm-1 (stretching of carbonyl groups), and 1001 cm-1 (C–O stretching vibration). The crystalline nature of silver NPs was confirmed by SAED. EDX analysis reveals the purity and the chemical composition of silver NPs. Nanoparticles were highly effective against Proteus mirabilis (24 mm zone of inhibition) and Bacillus substilis (24 mm zone of inhibition). The anticancer activity of the silver nanoparticles tested against colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines increased at increasing concentrations of nanoparticles.

DFT Studies of Dimethylaminophenyl-Substituted Phthalocyanine and Its Silver Complexes.

The dimethylaminophenyl-substituted silver phthalocyanine [dmaphPcAg] can be used as a UV-vis photoinitiator for in situ preparation of a silver/polymer nanocomposite. To verify early steps of the supposed mechanism of radical polymerization, we performed quantum chemical calculations of m[dmaphPcAg]q complexes with charges q = +1 to -2 in the two lowest spin states m, of a free ligand and its dehydrogenated/deprotonated products m[dmaphPcHn]q, n = 2 to 0, q = 0, -1 or -2, in the lowest spin states m. The calculated electronic structures and electron transitions of all the optimized structures in CHCl3 solutions are compared with experimental EPR and UV-vis spectra, respectively. The unstable 3[dmaphPcAg]+ species deduced only from previous EPR spin trap experiments was identified. In addition to 2[dmaphPcAg]0, our results suggest the coexistence of both reaction intermediates 1[dmaphPcAg]- and 3[dmaphPcAg]- in reaction solutions. Silver nanoparticle formation is a weak point of the supposed reaction mechanism from the energetic, stereochemistry, and electronic structure points of view.

Arsenic field test kits based on solid-phase fluorescence filter effect induced by silver nanoparticle formation

Millions of people worldwide are affected by naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater. The development of a low-cost, highly sensitive, portable assay for rapid field detection of arsenic in water is important to identify areas for safe wells and to help prioritize testing. Herein, a novel paper-based fluorescence assay was developed for the on-site analysis of arsenic, which was constructed by the solid-phase fluorescence filter effect (SPFFE) of AsH3-induced the generation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toward carbon dots. The proposed SPFFE-based assay achieves a low arsenic detection limit of 0.36 μg/L due to the efficient reduction of Ag+ by AsH3 and the high molar extinction coefficient of AgNPs. In conjunction with a smartphone and an integrated sample processing and sensing platform, field-sensitive detection of arsenic could be achieved. The accuracy of the portable assay was validated by successfully analyzing surface and groundwater samples, with no significant difference from the results obtained through mass spectrometry. Compared to other methods for arsenic analysis, this developed system offers excellent sensitivity, portability, and low cost. It holds promising potential for on-site analysis of arsenic in groundwater to identify safe well locations and quickly obtain output from the global map of groundwater arsenic.

Comprehensive antifungal investigation of green synthesized silver nanoformulation against four agriculturally significant fungi and its cytotoxic applications

The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in powder form using the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and EDX. The synthesized AgNPs were in a powdered state and dispersed completely in 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and demonstrated prolonged shelf life and enhanced bioavailability over a year without any aggregation. The resulting silver nanoformulation demonstrated complete inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Colletotrichum falcatum and 68% to 80% inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani respectively, at 2000 ppm. The EC50 values determined through a statistical analysis were 66.42, 157.7, 19.06, and 33.30 ppm for S. sclerotiorum, C. falcatum, C. gloeosporioides, and R. solani respectively. The silver nanoformulation also established significant cytotoxicity, with a 74.96% inhibition rate against the human glioblastoma cell line U87MG at 250 ppm. The IC50 value for the cancerous cell lines was determined to be 56.87 ppm through statistical analysis. The proposed silver nanoformulation may be used as a next-generation fungicide in crop improvement and may also find application in anticancer investigations. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of silver nanoformulation demonstrating complete inhibition against the economically significant phytopathogen C. falcatum.

Efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Trichinella spiralis in mice and the role of multivitamin in alleviating its toxicity

Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. The majority of currently available anti-trichinellosis medications exhibit inadequate efficacy. The efficacy of a natively prepared new formulation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was evaluated in the treatment of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection in mice alone and combined with multivitamin-mineral (MM). After investigating the product’s biological and pharmacological characteristics, its therapeutic dose was estimated to be Ag-NPs at 21.5 mg/kg B.W. This dose was orally inoculated to experimentally infected mice at 3–5 days post-inoculation (dpi) against the mature worms, at 8–10 dpi against the newborn larvae, and at 33–35th dpi against the encapsulated larvae. Each treatment’s efficacy was assessed by scarifying control and treated mice 3 days post-treatment. The drug alone or in supplement form has a high trichinocidal effect exceeding that of the reference drug. Early treatment (3–5 dpi) by Ag-NPs or Ag-NPs + MM and albendazole revealed high efficacy against the intestinal stage, reaching 93.3%, 94.7%, and 90.6% for the three treatments, respectively. The materials causing a significant (P-value < 0.001) decrease in the mean encapsulated larvae reached 86.61%, 89.07%, and 88.84%/gm of muscles using the three treatments, respectively. Moreover, all larvae extracted from Ag-NPs-treated groups failed to induce infection post-inoculation in new mice. Additionally, combining the material with MM proved to overcome the reversible adverse effects of silver material on the estimated redox parameters and liver and kidney biomarkers, denoting its ability to alleviate Ag-NP toxicity. In conclusion, the high trichinocidal effect of Ag-NPs against the adult and encapsulated larvae during a short inoculation period introduced Ag-NPs as an alternative to other nematicidal drugs.

Green Synthesis of Uncoated and Olive Leaf Extract-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Sunlight Photocatalytic, Antiparasitic, and Antifungal Activities.

The circular economy, which attempts to decrease agricultural waste while also improving sustainable development through the production of sustainable products from waste and by-products, is currently one of the main objectives of environmental research. Taking this view, this study used a green approach to synthesize two forms of silver nanoparticles: coated silver nanoparticles with olive leaf extract (Ag-olive) and uncoated pure silver nanoparticles (Ag-pure), which were produced by the calcination of Ag-olive at 550 °C. The extract and the fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adult ticks (Hyalomma dromedarii) (Acari: Ixodidae) were used in this study to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of synthesized nanoparticles and extract. Furthermore, the antifungal activity was evaluated against Aspergillus aculeatus strain N (MW958085), Fuserium oxysporum (MT550034), and Alternaria tenuissiuma (MT550036). In both antiparasitic and antifungal tests, the as-synthesized Ag-olive showed higher inhibition activity than Ag-pure and olive leaf extract. The findings of this research suggest that Ag-olive may be a powerful and eco-friendly antiparasitic and antifungal agent. Ag-pure was also evaluated as a photocatalyst under sunlight for the detoxification of Eri-chrome-black T (EBT), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB).

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using olive mill wastewater and olive stones extract and testing their antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abstract Plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles is eco-friendly and of low cost. The synthesis involves a reduction of silver ions and is controlled by several independent factors. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using olive stone extract (OSE) and olive mill wastewater (OMW) extract. The nanoparticle synthesis was monitored using the plasmon resonance observed in the UV–Vis absorption spectrum, in which a Voigt profile was fitted. The peak wavelength (λ 0), the peak area (A), and the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) were the fitting parameters and were used as the response. The independent factors were the incubation temperature, the incubation time, the silver nitrate, extract, and sodium hydroxide concentrations. The influence of these factors was investigated ‘two factor at a time’, using interaction plots. Strong interaction was observed between all factors, with sodium hydroxide to have a crucial role. The optimum conditions for silver nanoparticle formation were a) OSE (1% v/v), AgNO3 (2 mM), and NaOH (0.2 mM), and b) OMW (2% v/v), AgNO3 (1 mM), and NaOH (7.9 mM), showing an absorption maximum at 414 nm, and 410 nm, respectively. The mean diameter of AgNPs using OMW, measured with Transmission Electron Microscopy was 12.87 ± 4.84 nm. Both types of AgNPs showed antibacterial action against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), using the broth microdilution assay. Both nanoparticle types inhibited bacterial growth up to one dilution higher than reference samples.

Chemotherapeutic Potential of AgNP Orchestrated Semecarpus anacardium Nut Extracts Against Ovarian Cancer Cell Line, PA-1

Several plants have been studied to find their efficacy and anti-cancer activity in various cancers by synthesizing organic metal nanoparticles. However, usage of Semecarpus anacardium (SA) and production of green synthesized nanoparticles have not been exposed. In our study we have focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles using the nut extracts from SA. Characterization studies including UV-Visible spectrophotometry have confirmed the silver nanoparticle formation at 412 nm using 0.1 mM and 427 nm using 0.2 mM AgNPs. Particle size was recorded at 1.4 nm confirming their effectivity and zeta potential studies confirmed the respective charge of -38.6 mV of the particle. Anti-microbial activity was shown against gram negative bacteria. MTT assay studies confirmed the anti-cancer activity against ovarian cancer cell line, PA-1. These results depict the excellent cytotoxic effect on the PA-1 ovarian cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 250 μg/ml. Flow cytometry studies confirmed that SA methanolic nut extracts inhibited cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Taken together, we are confirming that SA methanolic extracts have anti-cancer properties against ovarian cancer cell line, PA-1.

Formulation of silver nanoparticles using Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract and evaluation of their versatile therapeutic applications.

The current research focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract. The green synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance band at 453nm in a UV-Visible analysis. The formulated AgNPs had a diameter of around 99.72nm with a spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed the bio-reducing potential of phytochemicals present in D. grandiflora, which fundamentally influenced the synthesis of AgNPs. Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses were executed to reveal the physicochemical attributes of the AgNPs. The AgNPs were further investigated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial potential. The DPPH free radical assay revealed the potential radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 76.73μg/ml) of green synthesized AgNPs. α-Amylase inhibitory assay displayed significant inhibitory potential (IC50 = 162.11μg/ml) of this starch-breaking enzyme by AgNPs, revealing the antidiabetic potential of AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited potential cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 244.57µg/ml) against malignant human kidney cells. In addition, AgNPs showed outstanding antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. Interestingly, AgNPs showed cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities at much higher concentrations than radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibitory concentrations. Thus, our finding elaborated the scope of green synthesized AgNPs for diverse therapeutic applications (dose-dependent) for further clinical translation.