Silver Nanofluid Research Articles

Enhanced heat transfer performance in a parabolic trough solar collector: A CFD investigation of silver and copper nanofluids utilizing porous medium

A recent study was being conducted to offer a three-dimensional numerical inspection of the water–Ag/Cu nanofluids’ hydrothermal profitability within a parabolic-trough solar collector incorporating a porous medium. This study aims to improve the thermal efficiency of parabolic-trough solar collectors by integrating nanofluids and porous media into the receiver tube. The focus is on enhancing heat transfer to the working fluid for better performance. In our numerical simulation, the working fluid of water (or nanofluid) at 5 different mass flow rates of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 L/h and with a temperature of 20°C enters the receiving pipe of a parabolic-trough solar collector while the non-constant heat flux is set on it. Copper and silver nanoparticles in volume fractions of (0.1 to 0.5%) and Darcy numbers of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 are simulated in applied porous media. The results of the simulations revealed that the use of a porous medium with (rp = 1 and Da = 0.1) and also in mass flow rate of 20 L/h, our receiver pipe saw a 2204.8% increase in the Nusselt number and 687.8% pressure drop, and the PEC was equal to the number 11.3. In the following, we examined copper and silver nanoparticles in two cases of applying porosity and without applying porosity in the receiving tube in volume fractions of 0.1 to 0.5%. Due to the creation of a high-pressure drop by the porous medium, nanofluids showed higher numbers for the performance evaluation criterion than unity for the non-porous state. Silver nanoparticles in volume fraction of 0.5% (at rp = 1 and Da = 0.1) showed an increase of 71.3% and 197.8%, respectively, for the Nusselt number and pressure drop. In the case of non-porous copper nanoparticles with a volume fraction of 0.5%, they showcased an uptick in 217.6% and 3.8% respectively for the Nusselt number and pressure drop.

Comparative Analysis Based on Near-Field Electromagnetic Theory Combined with Molecular Dynamics for Pulse Light-Induced Plasmonic Nanobubble in Gold and Silver Nanofluids

Comparative Analysis Based on Near-Field Electromagnetic Theory Combined with Molecular Dynamics for Pulse Light-Induced Plasmonic Nanobubble in Gold and Silver Nanofluids

A detailed thermohydraulic performance assessment of surface-modified silver nanofluids in turbulent convective heat transfer

This study investigates the thermohydraulic performance of surface-modified silver nanofluids in turbulent convective heat transfer applications. The primary objective is to evaluate the impact of citrate, lipoic acid, and silica surface modifications on heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops, and friction factors under turbulent flow conditions. Silver nanoparticles (50 nm) with the specified surface modifications were synthesized and dispersed in deionized water, ensuring stable nanofluid preparations. Experimental evaluations were conducted in a smooth brass tube with a uniform heat flux, covering Reynolds numbers from 3400 to 21,800, mass flow rates of 32 to 78 g s−1, and inlet temperatures of 26 °C, 31 °C, and 36 °C. Key findings indicate that the silica-shelled nanofluid (Ag/S) exhibited a significant 35% increase in the heat transfer coefficient compared to DI water, while citrate-coated (Ag/C) and lipoic acid-coated (Ag/L) nanofluids showed slight decreases of 0.2% and 2%, respectively. The mean Nusselt number for Ag/S also increased by 9%, demonstrating enhanced heat transfer capabilities. Surface-modified nanofluids experienced higher pressure drops and friction factors than the base fluid. Ag/C showed a 7.7% increase in pressure drop, Ag/L a 12.3% increase, and Ag/S a 12.5% increase, correlating with an 11.9% rise in viscosity. While surface-modified silver nanofluids, particularly silica-shelled, can significantly improve heat transfer performance, the associated increases in pressure drops and friction factors must be carefully balanced for specific applications. Future research should explore long-term stability, varying nanoparticle concentrations, and more complex geometries to optimize nanofluid formulations for targeted heat transfer applications.

Effect of Different Shapes of Nanoparticles on Mixed Convective Nanofluid Flow in a Darcy-Forchhiemer Porous Medium

The nanofluid has diverse applications in industries, engineering, and medicine due to its greater thermal characteristics. However, various factors such as the shape and size of nanoparticles, the base fluid, the porous medium, the quadratic drag force, and the viscous dissipation have significant effects on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids. Therefore, it is crucial to study the influence of these factors. In this paper, a theoretical investigation is conducted to analyze the mechanisms of thermal conductivities of different shapes of nanoparticles, such as platelet, cylinder, brick and blade on the mixed convective nanofluid flow in a vertical channel saturated with porous medium. Consider ethylene glycol and water as base fluids for the nanoparticles, including copper, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silver, and iron oxide. A thin, movable baffle plate of negligible thickness is inserted in the channel and made into double passages. To define the porous matrix, the Darcy-Brinkaman-Forchhiemer model is used, and to define the nanofluid, the Tiwari and Das model is used. Robin boundary conditions are considered for the channel flow. The differential transform method (DTM) is applied to solve non-linear governing equations with inertia, and the perturbation method is applied to solve the problem without inertia. Velocity and temperature cantors are shown graphically using MATLAB and MATHEMATICA. The obtained values by DTM and the perturbation method are well validated and shown graphically. The Nusselt number was evaluated and tabulated for all governing parameters. The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of nonspherical shapes of nanoparticles, the base fluid, the inertial forces of the porous medium, and the buoyancy force on the thermal characteristics of flow and heat transfer of nanofluids. The main findings of this problem are that the optimum velocity and temperature cantor are found for platelet-shaped water-based silver nanofluid.

Analytical and numerical study of water-based silver nanofluid (Ag) across a Riga plate with nonlinear radiation and viscous dissipation: A three-dimensional study

The primary endeavor of this investigation is to determine the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of water-based silver nanofluid (Ag) across a bidirectional Riga plate with viscous dissipation and nonlinear radiation. By manipulating the pertinent variables, the governing equations undergo a transformation into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The remodeled flow problems are investigated numerically and analytically using the MATLAB (bvp4c built-in function) algorithm and the homotopy analysis method scheme. The repercussions of the appropriate factors on the x− and y− direction velocity profiles, temperature profile, skin friction coefficient of the x− and y− directions, and local Nusselt number are examined via tables and graphs. It is found that both directional fluid velocities decline in the presence of the suction/injection parameter. Increasing the radiation parameter and the Eckert number exalts the fluid temperature. The surface shear stress decays as the suction/injection parameter and the Forchheimer number grow larger. In addition, a greater heat transfer rate appears on the Riga plate compared to the stationary plate.

Numerically investigating the effect of using nanofluids on the thermal performance and coefficient of performance of a U-tube deep borehole ground source heat pump

In this study, a deep-borehole ground source heat pump was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The thermal performance and coefficient of performance (COP) of the vertical ground source heat pump simulated with accuracy using CFD for water and 4 different nanofluids as working fluids were investigated. Two nanofluids contained silver and copper metallic nanoparticles and the other two nanofluids contained copper and aluminum oxide nanoparticles. For each of these nanofluids as well as water, the heat exchange rate, total exchanged heat, outlet temperature and COP were calculated and the results were compared together. The results showed that using nanofluids leads to increased exchanged heat. Nanofluids based on aluminum oxide, copper oxide, copper and silver nanoparticles resulted in 4.83, 5.76, 6.9, 7.69 percent increase in total exchanged heat, respectively. In addition to increased exchanged heat, using nanofluids increased the outlet temperature. Also, the results showed that the maximum and minimum increase in COP were 36.5% and 5.2% which were related to using silver and aluminum oxide nanoparticle-based nanofluids, respectively.

Irreversibility analysis for the EMHD flow of silver and magnesium oxide hybrid nanofluid due to nonlinear thermal radiation

Hybrid nanofluids were expressed by heat-transfer fluids into greater surface dispersion capabilities, stability and diffusion related for traditional nanofluids. The effort on the flow of volumetric entropy generation and convective heat transport of MHD hybrid nanofluid is considered. Hybrid nanofluid involves the field over the orderly stretchable surface for variable heat flux with the resistance of electric field. Effect on convective heating and nonlinear thermal radiation is again contained in the interpreted figure. Mathematical equations such as momentum, energy, conservation of mass and entropy were collected as conversion to governing partial differential equations by ordinary differential equations, utilizing similarity variables. An efficient finite element method (FEM) is used. Numerical calculations were accomplished for silver–magnesium oxide water (Ag-MgO/H2O) hybrid nanofluid and conventional silver water (Ag-H2O) nanofluid. The graphs were created by the temperature, velocity, and entropy profiles. to analyse the impact on governing parameters. These skin friction and heat transfer rates are analysed through regression analysis. The important allegation expressed by the hybrid Nanofluid has the best heat transfer rate, which is related to convectional nanofluid. Further, It raised the Brinkman number and Reynolds number and developed a total entropy of the structure.

Computational Approach on Convective-Magneto Trihybrid Nanoflow with Space Dependent Energy Source/Sink: Drug Delivery

Iron oxide, Silver, Aluminium oxide, these nanoparticles individually or combined help in drug delivery especially aluminium oxide nanofluid used in an anti-blood pressure drug called 'Telmisartan'. Alumina and silver particles are used in manufacturing nanocomposites which have more antimicrobial properties. This is the reason for the current study of ternary nanofluids natural convective flow and efficacy of energy transfer in a bi-directionally sheet. Currently, ternary nanofluids (Fe3O4, Ag, Al2O3) are being taken for analysis. Usual water (H2O) is the conventional base fluid. Two different combinations of ternary nanofluids are used to get the average heat transfer rate, mixture ratios (Fe3O4 + Ag) and (Fe3O4 + Ag + Al2O3) when subjected to a variety of physical influences, including thermal radiation, magnetic fields, heat production and absorption, and nanoparticle volume amount. It is possible to solve the developed set of equations numerical results using the Keller box (finite differences) method with the help of MATLAB programming. This method helps in solving higher order partial differential equation (PDEs) to ordinary differential equation (ODEs). The investigations findings demonstrated that the ternary hybrid nanofluids specific heat capacity is directly impacted by temperature. Numerical solutions for Nusselt number, velocity profile, skin friction coefficient, temperature profiles have represented with the help of graphs and tables. The ternary hybrid nanoflow (Fe3O4 + Ag + Al2O3/H2O) transmits more energy for increasing volume fractions, comparing to the hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4 + Ag/H2O). The study reveals the fact that metal oxides transfer more heat from the system than that of metals. The estimated error of heat transfer rate is higher in alumina nanoflow followed by silver and iron oxide nanofluid flows. The streamlines are equally spaced, but the energy flow amount is higher for the case M, S = 1 than M, S = 2. But in the case of stretching ratio parameter, the amount energy flow in α = 0.5 > α = 1.0. An equal amount of energy flow is observed for varied Biot number.

Maximizing Thermal Performance of Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers for Industrial Applications Using Silver Nanofluids

Maximizing Thermal Performance of Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers for Industrial Applications Using Silver Nanofluids

Enhancing heat transfer efficiency and energy improvement through novel biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluid from leaf extract in a helical double pipe heat exchanger: a comprehensive investigation

Enhancing heat transfer efficiency and energy improvement through novel biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluid from leaf extract in a helical double pipe heat exchanger: a comprehensive investigation

A NOVEL MACHINE LEARNING STUDY: MAXIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR COLLECTORS WITH ENGINE OIL-BASED COPPER AND SILVER NANOFLUIDS

Estimating the heat transfer parameters of parabolic trough solar collectors with machine learning is crucial for improving the efficiency and performance of these renewable energy systems, optimizing their design and operation, and reducing costs while increasing the use of solar energy as a sustainable power source. In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of two different nanofluids flowing through the porous media in a straight plane underneath thermal jump conditions were investigated by machine learning methods. For the flow in the parabolic trough solar collector, two different nanofluids obtained from silver- and copper-based motor oil are considered. Flow characteristics were obtained by nonlinear surface tension, thermal radiation, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flow, which was used to calculate the heat flow in the thermal boundary layer. A neural network structure was established to estimate the skin friction and Nusselt number determined for the analysis of the flow characteristic. The data used in the multilayer neural network, which was developed using a total of 30 data sets, were divided into three groups as training, validation, and testing. In the input layer of the network model with 15 neurons in the hidden layer, 10 parameters were defined and four different results were obtained for two different nanofluids in the output layer. The prediction performance of the established neural network model has been comprehensively studied by means of several performance parameters. The study findings presented that the established artificial neural network can predict the heat transfer characteristics of two different nanofluids obtained from silver- and copper-based motor oil with deviation rates less than 0.06%.

THERMAL DIFFUSION AND RADIATION ABSORPTION IMPACTS ON CHEMICALLY REACTIVE AND RADIATIVE NANOFLUID FLOW PAST AN EXPONENTIALLY ACCELERATED VERTICAL POROUS PLATE

The role of thermal diffusion (Soret) and radiation-absorption influences on the unsteady MHD boundary layer flow for Silver (Ag) and Copper (Cu) water-based nanofluid over an accelerated exponentially vertical porous plate has been investigated. The varying temperature and concentration at the plate are also considered. The governing equations of the flow are numerically resolved to employ the finite-difference system of the implicit Crank-Nicolson method. Fluid velocity, f luid temperature, and species concentration were all plotted for meaningful physical parameters. For both nanofluids, non-dimensional metrics such as the friction factor, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number at the surface are tabulated. The data obtained from the literature provide strong validation for the findings. The f inding of the study is that both nanofluids’ velocities rise with increases in Soret and radiation absorption parameters. For increased values of Soret and radiation absorption parameters, the friction factor and Nusselt number increase. Sherwood numbers drop for the Soret parameter and rise for the radiation absorption.

Enhanced heat transfer performance of silver Nanofluids as coolants in a helical Shell and tube heat exchanger: an experimental study

Enhanced heat transfer performance of silver Nanofluids as coolants in a helical Shell and tube heat exchanger: an experimental study

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Their Optical and Rheological Properties

The goal of this work was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from aqueous Propolis (P) extract, and their optical and rheological properties. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies nanostructure of the prepared Ag NPs were characterized. Further, the aforementioned study suggests that Ag NPs with an average size of around 23 nm have a well-developed polycrystalline cubic structure. In the UV-Vis absorption spectra, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak showed maximum absorption at 418 nm. For an excitation energy corresponding to the wavelength 410 nm, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Ag NPs exhibited emission peak at 495 nm. To explore temperature (T) dependent flow behaviour of biosynthesized colloidal Ag NPs dispersion in deionized (DI) water, flow curve studies under shear for T= 20, 30 and 40 °C were done using rheometer. The above study illustrated that the colloidal Ag NPs follows shear thickening non-Newtonian behaviour. Moreover, viscosity decreased as temperature increased, indicating that the silver nanofluids can exhibit more rational thermal performance under high temperature conditions.

Experimental investigation of the performance of silver nanofluid as a coolant in a helical shell and tube heat exchanger

Experimental investigation of the performance of silver nanofluid as a coolant in a helical shell and tube heat exchanger

Improving agricultural efficiency with solar-powered tractors and magnetohydrodynamic entropy generation in copper–silver nanofluid flow

This study examines the impact of solar-powered tractor on agricultural productivity and energy efficiency. The implementation of solar energy in tractors has the potential to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy sources, minimize carbon emissions, and promote sustainable farming practices. This research investigates the reduction of energy consumption and enhancement of productivity by evaluating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) entropy production through the flow of nanofluids containing copper-engine oil (Cu-EO) and silver-engine oil (Ag-EO). The study also evaluates the effectiveness of thermal transport in solar-powered tractors through several properties such as solar thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, slippery velocity, and porous media. The investigation analyzed the thermodynamics of entropy generation in a non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid, with the aim of assessing its energy equilibrium and the effects of diverse physical parameters. In order to enable numerical investigation, similarity variables were implemented to transform partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, and the Chebyshev collocation spectral method was applied to solve the governing equations. It has been revealed that the Ag−EO Williamson nanofluid have a smoother flow compared to the Cu−EO mixture fluid. Furthermore, Williamson-nanofluid demonstrate superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer characteristics compared to the base fluid, making them appropriate for utilization in cooling systems and heat exchangers in various industries. The boundary layer exhibits the maximum temperature while employing lamina-shaped particles, whilst the lowest temperature is shown when utilizing spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The Ag-EO nanofluid an efficiency rate of approximately 2.64 % with a minimum efficiency rate of 3.22 %. The findings will help develop eco-friendly agricultural methods that promote economic development while mitigating harm to the environment.

Study of multilayer flow of two immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous dissipation

Numerical simulations for the mixed convective multilayer flow of two different immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous heating effects were performed in this study. The left and right faces of the duct are maintained to be isothermal, while other side faces are insulated. The mathematical governing system for each layer consists of an incompressibility condition equation, the Navier–Stokes momentum equation, and the conservation of energy equation. At the interface of the immiscible layer, the continuity of velocity, shear stress, temperature, and heat flux are considered. The dimensionless equations governing each layer were numerically integrated using the finite difference method and the Southwell-over-relaxation method. A mesh independence test is conducted. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to analyze how the different nanoparticle volume fractions and viscous heating affect the transport characteristics of engine oil–copper and mineral oil–silver nanofluids. The study also examined the effects of various types of nanoparticles and base fluids. The results demonstrated that heat transport could be efficiently controlled by considering the viscous heating aspect. Moreover, the effects of different nanoparticles on heat transport were found to be more significant than those of base fluids. Finally, a point-wise comparison of our numerical results demonstrates a good agreement with existing studies in the literature.

Using laser ablation in liquid (LASIS) method to synthesize silver nanoparticles for SERS applications

In this work, colloid formation with laser ablation in distilled water was used to investigate the influence of ablation time and pulse repetition frequency in generating silver nanofluids. The nature (size and shape) of the nanoparticles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the elemental composition of the generated nanoparticles was explored using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The EDXRF spectra confirmed the presence of silver as the dominant element in the nanofluid. TEM showed that the size of the generated nanoparticles varies with the concentration of silver based on the change in Laser ablation time (LAT) and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The localized surface plasmon resonance band of silver in the fluid was explored using UV–VIS with the absorption band observed at around 408 nm. The generated nanofluid was then used as a substrate in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The conclusion drawn from this work is that the laser ablation time and pulse repetition rate can be modified to produce reproducible silver nanofluids for subsequent SERS applications.

CFD and thermal analysis of radiator using magnesium oxide and silver nano fluids

The utilisation of magnesium oxide and silver nanofluids in radiators presents various advantages. In addition to improving heat transfer, these fluids have the ability to reduce the energy consumption required for cooling. This phenomenon can be attributed to the significantly higher thermal conductivity exhibited by them in comparison to water. Moreover, these fluids exhibit exceptional tolerance to elevated temperatures without undergoing corrosion or degradation, rendering them highly suitable for challenging environmental circumstances in radiator implementations. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed using Ansys Fluent software to evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium oxide and silver nanofluids in radiators. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the results obtained from the aforementioned approach and those derived from a traditional aqueous system. The findings unambiguously demonstrated a noteworthy improvement in thermal conductivity upon employing magnesium oxide and silver nanoparticles suspensions, relative to the aqueous medium. Moreover, the application of these fluids resulted in a decrease of up to 20% in the total cooling power demand. The results of this study highlight the significant benefits provided by the utilisation of magnesium oxide and silver nano fluids in comparison to conventional water-based systems. Hence, it is imperative to give due consideration to their viability as a potential alternative while devising novel radiator systems or enhancing the existing ones.

Active cooling system for solar panels with silver nanofluid and water

Solar panel is used to harvest solar energy through the photovoltaic panels to generate electricity. Due to the different intensity of the sun, the panel may be getting overheated during the operation which affect the performance. The research was conducted to analyse the efficiency of liquid immersion cooling technique with water, measure the differences of water and nanofluids under the liquid immersion technique, and determine the efficiency increase of the cooling system with additional cooling. The apparatus was set up to test the cooling system performance throughout the most active part of the day with sunlight. The collected data has shown an increase in the power efficiency of 12.66% in favour of silver nanofluid compared to water when the cooling system is attached with additional cooling capabilities. However, without the additional cooling capabilities, the difference in power output between silver nanofluid and water shows around 2.42% in favour of silver nanofluid. The use of nanofluid in this experiment indicates a noticeable increase in power efficiency through the ability to keep the panel better cooled throughout the day. This allows nanofluids to be used as a cooling fluid to remove heat form the solar panel.