Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogel Research Articles

Microwave‐Assisted Tragacanth Gum–Based Grafted Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Sustained Release Formulations of Diclofenac Sodium and Antibacterial Assay

ABSTRACTIn this work, novel tragacanth gum‐graft‐poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (TG‐g‐PAMPS) hydrogel was synthesized via free radical copolymerization of TG, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid by using ammonium peroxodisulfate and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide under microwave radiation, resulting in the cross‐linked graft copolymer network. Silver nanoparticles (SNs) were formed and stabilized by the reduction of silver nitrate using tri‐sodium citrate. The TG‐g‐PAMPS gel and its nanocomposite were characterized and confirmed using FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, EDS, and TEM techniques. It is observed that the presence of SNs significantly improves the swelling ability of the TG‐g‐PAMPS gel. Degradation studies of both hydrogels were studied using the soil burial method and determining the respective weight loss. The presence of SNs is found to impart significant antibacterial properties to the gel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria. Further, the TG‐g‐PAMPS gel and TG‐g‐PAMPS‐SN were evaluated as matrix materials for the release of the drug (diclofenac sodium) and the effect of SNs on the release was examined. The in‐vitro released data were analyzed using empirical equations to understand the mechanism of release. Among the various models, the released data were well fitted into the Korsmeyer–Peppas equation and the released kinetics followed non‐Fickian diffusion.

Microwave‐Assisted Tragacanth Gum–Based Grafted Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Sustained Release Formulations of Diclofenac Sodium and Antibacterial Assay

ABSTRACTIn this work, novel tragacanth gum‐graft‐poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (TG‐g‐PAMPS) hydrogel was synthesized via free radical copolymerization of TG, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid by using ammonium peroxodisulfate and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide under microwave radiation, resulting in the cross‐linked graft copolymer network. Silver nanoparticles (SNs) were formed and stabilized by the reduction of silver nitrate using tri‐sodium citrate. The TG‐g‐PAMPS gel and its nanocomposite were characterized and confirmed using FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, EDS, and TEM techniques. It is observed that the presence of SNs significantly improves the swelling ability of the TG‐g‐PAMPS gel. Degradation studies of both hydrogels were studied using the soil burial method and determining the respective weight loss. The presence of SNs is found to impart significant antibacterial properties to the gel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria. Further, the TG‐g‐PAMPS gel and TG‐g‐PAMPS‐SN were evaluated as matrix materials for the release of the drug (diclofenac sodium) and the effect of SNs on the release was examined. The in‐vitro released data were analyzed using empirical equations to understand the mechanism of release. Among the various models, the released data were well fitted into the Korsmeyer–Peppas equation and the released kinetics followed non‐Fickian diffusion.

Synthesis of silver nanocomposite semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel based on sodium alginate-g-polyacrylamide for using in Epirubicin anticancer drug release

Synthesis of silver nanocomposite semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel based on sodium alginate-g-polyacrylamide for using in Epirubicin anticancer drug release

Gum karaya polymer-based biodegradable silver nanocomposite hydrogel through green approach for photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial activity

The rise in industrialization and population growth has elevated water pollution to a critical environmental concern. This study introduces a novel polymer-mediated silver nanocomposite hydrogel for antibacterial activity and photocatalytic dye degradation for environmental remediation. In this study, silver nanocomposite hydrogels were developed using Karaya gum (KG), acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide (NI), and 2-Bismethacryloyloxy ethyl phosphate (BMEP) as a crosslinker through a radical polymerization process. These hydrogels were utilized as templates for the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles by employing an aqueous Canthium leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Various analytical methods, including FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, FESEM, EDX, XRD, AFM, and HRTEM, are characterized by the green synthesized KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel. Evaluation of the KG-NIB-Ag hydrogel involved examining its chemical composition, morphology, size, crystallinity, surface properties, bandgap, and chemical purity. TEM analysis validated an average crystallite size 33.2 nm. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the green-synthesized KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel was utilized to examine the degradation of Congo red dye under visible light irradiation. The findings of this study demonstrate that the degradation efficiency of CR reached approximately 73.25 % within 90 min, with a corresponding kinetic rate constant of 0.032 min−1. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of the Ag nanocomposite hydrogel was evaluated against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The disc diffusion method was employed to assess its antibacterial activity, and the diameter of the inhibition zones was measured. This study introduces an innovative and influential strategy for environmental remediation, emphasizing the potential of KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel in tackling ecological challenges associated with wastewater treatment across various industries.

Evaluation of drug release efficiency and antibacterial property of a pH-responsive dextran-based silver nanocomposite hydrogel

The bioavailability of curcumin (CUR), a highly lipophilic and commonly used anticancer drug, is mainly affected by its poor solubility in aqueous environment and quick metabolism. These challenges can be met by employing delivery systems. Nanocomposite materials have been used as delivery systems to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. This study aims to develop dextran-graft-poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) silver nanocomposite using a microwave-assisted method to evaluate its drug-release efficiency and antimicrobial activity. The materials were characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, HR-TEM, TGA, and BET techniques. Drug loading and release efficiency were evaluated using CUR as the model drug. The swelling and drug release studies were conducted in buffer solutions of pH 1.2 and 7.4. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were employed to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay against the breast MCF-10. Higher swelling and drug release were observed at pH 1.2 than 7.4. Nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. Cytotoxicity study proved the safety of the developed matrix. The results suggest the developed nanocomposite hydrogel to be a promising polymer matrix for the sustained release of CUR for cancer treatment that requires infectious control.

A Silver Nanoparticle‐Embedded Tamarind Kernel Gum/Poly (Sodium Acrylate) Nanocomposite for Sustainable Release of Doxycycline

AbstractThe current work describes an eco‐friendly novel synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs)/Tamarind kernel gum (TKG)/Poly (sodium acrylate) (PSA) nanocomposite without the use of any toxic materials. It is a one‐step route synthesis of silver nanocomposite hydrogel in which TKG and PSA are cross‐linked using methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) cross‐linker. The developed hydrogels were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV‐visible, FE‐SEM, and TEM techniques. Doxycycline (dox) was chosen as a model drug for release studies using TKG/PSA and Ag/TKG/PSA nanocomposite. The observation is that Ag NP/TKG/PSA nanocomposite showed a pH‐dependent swelling which is higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. Similarly, the cumulative drug release percentage (CDR %) using silver nanocomposite is higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. Also, the presence of Ag NPs decreased the swelling ratio (SR) of TKG/PSA hydrogel, which controls the rate of release of the dox drug. In addition, the dox release kinetics were studied using the Korsmeyer‐Peppas and Higuchi model. It has been found that drug release data was fitted in the Korsmeyer‐Peppas model with a higher value of regression coefficient (R2). Thus, Ag/TKG/PSA nanocomposite showed satisfactory results for sustainable release of doxycycline drug.

Graphene based hydrogel silver nano-composites for antibacterial and antitumor applications: In vitro evaluation

Graphene based hydrogel silver nano-composites for antibacterial and antitumor applications: In vitro evaluation

Graphene-based hydrogel silver nano-composites for antibacterial and antitumor applications: In vitro evaluation

Graphene-based hydrogel silver nano-composites for antibacterial and antitumor applications: In vitro evaluation

Thermal, morphology and bacterial analysis of pH-responsive sodium carboxyl methylcellulose/ fumaric acid/ acrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization

In this present investigation, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with Fumaric acid/Acrylamide (CMC/FA/AAm=CFA) hydrogel and their silver nanocomposite hydrogels (CFA-Ag x, x = 5, 10 and 20) were developed by simple, cost effective and ecofriendly greener method. Mint leaf extract was used as an efficient natural reducing agent due to presence of active and antioxidant potential of polyphenol and flavonoid components. Swelling equilibrium of CFA hydrogel showed Seq% 3000 both in pH medium and distilled water. CFA (90:10) hydrogel has been produced greater than Seq% 6000. The synthesized CFA (90:10)-Ag-5, CFA (90:10)-Ag-10 and CFA (90:10)-Ag-20 nanocomposite hydrogels have been observed lower Seq% 2000–3000 than the CFA hydrogel. The homogeneous distribution of AgNPs throughout the CFA hydrogel and nanocomposites has been explored by SEM analysis. The interaction of network heteroatoms with AgNPs has been strongly revealed by the FTIR spectra and XRD analysis. The thermal stability of CFA (90:10)-Ag-5, 10, and 20 nanocomposite hydrogels have showed greater stability than CFA hydrogel which is confirmed by TGA/DSC thermogram analysis. The TEM analysis was used to explore a uniform distribution of spherical AgNPs (10 nm–50 nm) embedded on the CFA composite hydrogel. The CFA (90:10)-Ag-20 nanocomposite hydrogel has showed good antibacterial activity beside E. coli (Gram positive) and S. aureus (Gram negative) pathogens. Based on the antibacterial activity and swelling properties of CFA-Ag nanocomposite hydrogels have the ability to accelerate the antibacterial activity and are potential candidates for medical and environmental applications.

Biopolymer-Based Composite Hydrogels Embedding Small Silver Nanoparticles for Advanced Antimicrobial Applications: Experimental and Theoretical Insights.

In this work, we report a two-step methodology for the synthesis of small silver nanoparticles embedded into hydrogels based on chitosan (CS) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) biopolymers. This method uses d-glucose as an external green reducing agent and purified water as a solvent, leading to an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and biocompatible process for the synthesis of silver nanocomposite hydrogels. Their characterization comprises ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy assays. Moreover, the structural stability of the hydrogels was investigated through sequential swelling-deswelling cycles. The nanomaterials showed good mechanical properties in terms of their structural stability and revealed prominent antibacterial properties due to the reduced-size particles that promote their use as new advanced antimicrobial agents, an advantage compared to conventional particles in aqueous suspension that lose stability and effectiveness. Finally, theoretical analyses provided insights into the possible interactions, charge transfer, and stabilization process of nanoclusters mediated by the high-electron-density groups belonging to CS and HPMC, revealing their unique structural properties in the preparation of nano-scaled materials.

Synthesis of silver nanocomposite hydrogels based on Poly (acrylic acid) and Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) grafted onto Salep biopolymer and its use in drug release

This study aimed to synthesize a silver nanocomposite hydrogel based on poly (acrylic acid) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) grafted onto salep biopolymer and its use in controlled drug release. Drug release is one of the medicine goals that have been happening in the different methods, such as injections, pills or sprays. The useful drug dose, has measured by the drug concentration in the blood system, in the specific time. Researches have shown, in above methods, at the first time there is a high concentration of drug in the blood and by passing the time, this concentration decreases, so for achieve the useful drug dose, more drug is needed which it usually causes the increasing of the drug side effects. Thus for preventing these side effects, controlled drug release is investigated in this research. To identify the synthesized hydrogel, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermometric gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used. The results showed that the release of deferasirox from the silver nanocomposite hydrogel network is related to the pH of the environment. In addition, the biodegradability and biocompatibility of this system have led to its use in the pharmaceutical industry.

Synthesis of novel silver nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyurethane/poly(ethylene glycol) via aqueous extract of oak fruit and their antibacterial and mechanical properties

AbstractIn this study, novel hydrogels based on polyurethane/polyethylene glycol (PU/PEG) and their silver nanocomposites (PU/PEG/Ag x, x = 100, 200, 400, and 800) were developed using click chemistry and a green method. Mechanical analysis showed that introducing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into hydrogels and increasing the content increased their mechanical properties dramatically. Tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 0.2 MPa and 105% for PU/PEG to 2.5 MPa and 210% for PU/PEG/Ag 800. Similarly, the compressive strength increased from 5 to 55 MPa. Investigation of the SEM images showed that the AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed throughout the hydrogel network, and through the incorporation of silver nanoparticles in hydrogels, the pore size of hydrogels decreased. Therefore, the swelling degree of hydrogels decreased by increasing the content of AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the interaction of network heteroatoms with AgNPs was responsible for stabilizing silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial properties of nanocomposites were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. These nanocomposites showed significant activities against S. aureus bacteria. In addition, the cell viability test showed that these nanocomposites had good biocompatibility (84% cells viable). Therefore, they could be favorable candidates for wound dressing applications.

Controlled Release of Drug Thymol from poly(Acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) Silver nanocomposite Hydrogel

Controlled Release of Drug Thymol from poly(Acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) Silver nanocomposite Hydrogel

Nontoxic pH-sensitive silver nanocomposite hydrogels for potential wound healing applications

ABSTRACT Silver nanocomposite (SNC) containing pH sensitivity with fascinating attention may be recommended for extensive utilization in eco-friendly nanomaterial applications. In the present investigation, a strategy to fabricate new biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogels based on sodium alginate/ethylene glycol/acrylic acid functionalized with silver nanocomposites, which were synthesized by a facile greener method. The swelling profile is enhanced the stimuli responsive behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels. The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels has showed a significant pH-sensitive behavior which induced the degradation profile, cell viability, and antimicrobial activity. Hence, this kind of biomaterials has been utilized for nontoxic, degradable wound healing dressing.

Guar gum graft polymer-based silver nanocomposite hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and its biomedical applications

We have developed a dual-sensitive composite hydrogel network from guar gum grafted polyacrylamidoglycolic acid (graft polymer) using sodium borohydride, which induces cross-linking and growth of silver nuclei by reduction reaction through a fast and easy route. The cross-linked graft polymer (GGAA) and its silver nanocomposite (GGAA@SNC) hydrogels have been successfully utilized to explore sustained release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer drug, and antibacterial activity was evaluated. The composite hydrogels exhibit sol-gel behavior due to pH and temperature effect. To identify the functional interactions of pure guar gum (GG), graft polymer, 5-FU loaded GGAA and GGAA@SNC hydrogels, the synthesized materials are characterized by FTIR, DSC, and XRD analysis. In addition, the growth of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), its size, and stability in the hydrogel network were verified by UV-vis spectra, FE-TEM, and TGA-DTA analysis. Additionally, the structural morphology and porosity of polymer structures were observed by FE-SEM analysis. The different polymer network parameters (Mc, χ, 휉 and ϕ) and diffusion constant (D) were calculated by using swelling data and evaluated to assess the drug release profile. The diffusion exponents (n) were determined by studying 5-FU release behavior of the composite hydrogels in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 1.2 & 7.4); in vitro release data indicated that, maximum 5-FU release was significantly achieved in pH 7.4 rather than pH 1.2. The GGAA@SNC hydrogels showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella ebony using zone of inhibition test. A versatile strategy has been developed to prepare GGAA@SNC hydrogels to enhance 5-FU release over 16 h for its effective anticancer drug release applications.

An eco-friendly synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial applications of gellan gum based silver nanocomposite hydrogel

Gellan gum based silver nanocomposite hydrogel prepared by using microwave assisted method. The mixture of Gellan gum, acrylamide, and 2-Acrylamido methyl propane sulphonic acid in presence of Ammonium persulphate as a intiator, and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as cross linker resulted in the cross linked graft copolymer network (GG-g-poly(AAm-co-AMPS)). Silver nano particles have been formed and stabilized by using trisodium citrate in the gel network to reduce silver nitrate. The hydrogel and nanocomposite were characterized using X-ray diffraction method (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the presence Ag NPs in the hydrogels due the characteristic plasmon resonance surface. Further XRD analysis also confirms the presence of Ag NPs. The effect of incorporation of Ag NPs on the biological activity of GG-g-poly (AAm-co-AMPS) gel was studied by zone inhibition method considering two bacterial strains. The composite gel exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to the parent gel. Examples include the utilization of NPs in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials to prevent infection and promote wound healing, in antibiotic delivery systems to treat disease, in bacterial detection systems to generate microbial diagnostics, and in antibacterial vaccines to control bacterial infections

Drug Entrapment Efficiency of Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogel

Silver nanocomposite hydrogel (SNH) with biodegradable polymers, sodium alginate and sodium lignosulphonate was synthesized employing principles of green chemistry for possible application in the field of controlled drug release. One of the factor that determines the release of drug from blend is the quantity of drug present/trapped inside the polymer network. The entrapment of drug in the polymer matrix depends upon the stability of matrix and interaction between the drug and the matrix. In the present study effect of presence silver nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix on the Drug Entrapment Efficiency (DEE) for the drug ciprofloxacin (CPX) was investigated. The drug entrapment efficiency for CPX loaded beads of SA/LS was calculated for similar conditions, to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles. Experimental results confirmed role of crosslinking and presence of silver nanoparticles on the stability of SNH and its entrapment efficiency. Observations indicate that the drug entrapment is more for the SNH as compared to the blend. Presence of silver nanoparticles help stabilize the polymer matrix, improves binding inside the matrix, which leads to the better drug entrapment.

Sprayed in-situ synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan loaded silver nanocomposite hydrogel for improved antibacterial effects

To overcome the practical limitations of hydrogel preparations, applications and strength-based problems, the present study utilizes the use of sprayers for preparing polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CH) hydrogels. The particle size, morphology, stability, release studies and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been studied. The particle size of AgNPs was found to be in the range of 4.59–10 nm (75 °C) with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.84. The morphological images exhibited inter-connecting porous structure with pore size in submicron’s (<1 µm). Major infra-red spectral peaks of PVA (2946.67 cm−1; stretching of CH, 1142.72 cm−1; CO stretching) and CH (3287.49 cm−1; OH stretching, 2917.48 cm−1; CH stretching) maintain their place in PVA/CH and PVA/CH/Ag hydrogels. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed peaks with 2θ values at 38.08°, 44.29° and 64.50° corresponding to the crystal planes of (1 1 1), (2 0 0) and (2 2 0), respectively, allocated to face-centered cubic crystalline structure of AgNPs. The drug release and antibacterial studies showed a maximum release of 91.83% from hydrogels and a concentration dependent zone of inhibition (ZOI) for >24 h, respectively. Thus, the newly developed sprayed hydrogels could turn out to be a suitable dressing material for wound healing applications.

Self-healable and dual-functional guar gum-grafted-polyacrylamidoglycolic acid-based hydrogels with nano-silver for wound dressings

Dual-functional carbohydrate polymer-based silver nanocomposite (AgNC) hydrogels with self-healing, injectable, and bacterial inactivation properties have attracted particular attention in the wound dressing field. In this study, a rapid formation of AgNC hydrogels were prepared via in situ addition of guar gum-grafted-polyacrylamidoglycolic acid (GG-g-PAGA) polymer and silver nitrate (AgNO3) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The GG-g-PAGA polymer and its AgNC hydrogels were analyzed by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV–vis spectra, FE-SEM, EDX, and FE-TEM. The GG-g-PAGA@AgNC hydrogels exhibited self-healing ability, injectability, stretchability, flowability, high swelling, porosity, upright mechanical behavior, and biodegradability. Moreover, their bacterial inactivation and cytotoxicity were tested against wound pathogens and skin fibroblast cells, respectively. Therefore, incorporating GG-g-PAGA@AgNC hydrogels could be a versatile strategy to speed up wound healing processes, but a clinical trial is still required for its medical applications.

Silver nanocomposite hydrogel of Gum Ghatti with potential antibacterial property

A nanocomposite hydrogel based on the polysaccharide Gum ghatti (Gg) has been made by microwave assisted polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) in the presence of Gg. Silver nanoparticles have been incorporated into the gel by chemical reduction method. The conditions for obtaining the graft copolymer gel and its nanocomposite have been optimized. The chemical, thermal and morphological characterization of the synthesized materials have been made using FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS, XRD and TEM techniques. Swelling studies in aqueous media indicated the influence of nanoparticles in enhancing the swelling ability of the gel by three fold. In addition, the presence Ag nanoparticles is found to impart significant antibacterial property to the gel against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, the effect being pronounced on the former.