Silver Handicraft Research Articles

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA MELALUI EDUWISATA DAN EKOWISATA


 The aim of the service activities is to innovate in empowering tourism villages Tanjungan Village, edutourism and ecotourism is able to boost the wheels of a new economy for the Tanjungan community in particular. The method used in this service is Participatory Action Research or what is often called PAR with the approach used is problem solving and participation, because it is considered the most relevant to community empowerment efforts. The results of service activities in Tanjungan Village, Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency include 1) Implementation of edutourism in the form of transformative leadership training for Karangtaruna youth and 2) Ecotourism assistance, including a) A book on the history of Tanjungan Village has been published, b) There is a documentary video of silver handicrafts, c) Reforestation of tourist attractions and d) Production of typical Tanjungan Village merchandise. This activity is also for branding and developing Tanjungan Village as a tourist village as well as innovation to stimulate the economy.

NFT Digital Twins: A Digitalization Strategy to Preserve and Sustain Miao Silver Craftsmanship in the Metaverse Era

Miao silver, generally referred to as the unique silver ornaments manufactured by the Miao ethnicity with over 400 years of history, was listed as a Chinese national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. Through primary research methods, including local investigation, interviews, and workshops at Maliao Village in Guizhou, this study found that sizeable industrial production shrank the market needs for traditional Miao silver handicrafts. A growing number of young Miao people pursue higher incomes and leave their hometowns to make a living in cities instead of engaging in Miao silver handcrafting in villages. Based on the difficulties encountered in the inheritance of Miao silver craftsmanship, this project creatively proposed a digital strategy based on the NFT digital twin application to preserve and maintain Miao silver technology in the context of the metaverse era. By conducting design experiments combining digital technology and the traditional Miao silver manufacturing techniques, a collection of NFT digital twins, digital duplications of Miao silver handicrafts that Miao silversmith jointly worked with 3D technologist, was created as a vital research outcome. The results show that this attempt is beneficial to help expand the use scenarios, extend the lifespan, and increase the commercial value of Miao silver. To sum up, taking Miao silverware handicrafts as a research case, this paper dialectically discusses the relationship between industrial manufacturing and traditional handicraft industries, making contributions to the inheritance and development of Miao silver and also putting forward innovative solutions to promote the prosperity of intangible cultural heritage worldwide.

The Existence of Pure and Sacred Silver Craft Creation in Gianyar Bali

This study aims to discover in depth the existence of the creation of pure and sacred silver crafts today and the public's attention to these works. The results of this study will also be very useful for craftsmen, entrepreneurs, academics, and the government as information material about the growth and development of the creation of silverworks in an uncertain tourism situation. The decline in Bali tourism has impacted the decline in silver handicraft production in Gianyar, especially in products for tourism needs. Several areas that used to be centers of silver crafts, such as Celuk Village, Singapadu Village, and Taro Village, are now no longer productive because they rarely receive orders. In a quiet situation, some creative and highly skilled craftsmen began to divert their production by creating several pure art and sacred art as collectibles and Sesuhunan (sacred crafts) such as Barong, Rangda, and Masks which are purified and sacred by the Balinese people. The orientation of creating silverworks eventually leads to works of high quality and aesthetic value. A very interesting phenomenon to study holistically is the following: how is the existence of the creation of pure and sacred silverworks in Gianyar today? The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. This paper is also very appropriate to be carried out to examine in depth the development of silverworks of pure art and sacred art. There is a huge struggle between cultural and economic capital in the quest for power and the preservation of silverwork as noble works of art. This research is expected to contribute to science, especially related to arts and crafts in general.

Peran Latar Belakang Keluarga Terhadap Keberlangsungan Usaha dan Kesejahteraan Pengrajin Perak di Kabupaten Gianyar

The silver industry in Gianyar Regency is a business that has been carried out for generations, so it is not surprising that Gianyar Regency is known as a center for silver crafts. However, currently the condition of silver handicraft SMEs is in a stagnant condition and even tends to decline, especially with the Covid-19 pandemic so that it can have an impact on business continuity and the welfare of craftsmen. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of family background on business continuity and the welfare of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency. The population in this study is 235 silver handicraft IKM. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling method resulting in a total sample of 95 silver handicraft IKM. This study uses descriptive analysis techniques and quantitative analysis techniques with structural equation models or Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), especially Partial Least Square (PLS) with an analytical tool, namely SmartPLS. The results showed that (1) family background had a significant positive direct effect on the sustainability of the silver craftsmen's business in Gianyar Regency; (2) Family background and business continuity have a significant positive direct effect on the welfare of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency; and (3) business continuity mediating the influence of family background on the welfare of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency.

Silver craft and Buddhist temple in the shaping of neighbourhood communities in Wua‐Lai, Chiang Mai, Thailand

AbstractThis paper explores neighbourhood‐based projects such as “local project” (Magnaghi, 2005), the strategic scenarios that set out a process of mobilisation and promotion of local resources, planned and run by local people. It focuses on two residential communities in Wua‐Lai neighbourhood, namely Chumchon Wat Muen‐Sarn and Chumchon Wat Sri‐Suphan. The analysis deals with three local projects: Wua‐Lai Walking Street and Saturday Market, Lanna Arts Study Centre and community museums. It seeks to understand how the residents use silver handicraft, Buddhist temple and local marketplaces for shaping their projects and for connecting the neighbourhood to the city. This study allows us to identify the key elements in place on which the local projects are premised and how these elements reproduce sense of belonging and sociability that create the potential for collective action. It intends to highlight on the neighbourhood capacities, and its limits, to carry out local initiatives and to challenge more economic forces.

Analysis of business sustainability and welfare of silver workers in Gianyar Regency

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of marketing strategy on business continuity and welfare of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency. The population in this study was 235 silver handicraft SMEs. The research sample was determined by purposive sampling method so as to produce a total sample of 95 silver handicraft SMEs. This study uses descriptive analysis techniques and quantitative analysis techniques with a structural equation model or Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), especially Partial Least Square (PLS) with an analytical tool, namely WarpPLS 7.0. The results showed that (1) the direct marketing strategy had an insignificant positive effect on the business continuity of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency; (2) The direct marketing strategy has a significant positive effect on the welfare of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency; (3) Business continuity directly has a significant positive effect on the welfare of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency; and (4) Information and communication technology moderates the influence of marketing strategy on the business continuity of silver craftsmen in Gianyar Regency.

Government Policy, Innovation Capability, Internal Environment and Its Influence on the Business Performance of Craftsmen at the Silver Handicraft Industry Clushter in Pasuruan Regency

This study aims to explain Government Policy, Internal Environmental, Innovation Capability, and Its Influence on the Business Performance of Craftsmen at the Silver Handicraft Industry Clushter in Pasuruan Regency. The research model with hypothesis development was derived based on the literature. To provide empirical evidence, this study conducted a survey, using primary data collected using a list of questionnaires, and saturated sampling of 50 craftsmen at the Silver Handicraft Industry Clushter in Pasuruan Regency. The results showed that Government Policy had an insignificant effect, Innovation Ability had a positive and significant effect, Internal Environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Silver Handicraft Industry Center in Pasuruan Regency. The results of this study do not support the research of Hafizah, et al (2017), Putra and Bayu (2017), Wisardja (2000), Yonggui, et al. (2000), Fogel (2001), Poisson, et al. (2002), Saxby, et al. (2002), Prasetyo (2003), Supriyono and Setiawan (2004), Mujali (2004), Ngamkroeckjoti, et al (2005), Pettus, et al. (2007), Rodrigues and Esteves (2007). The implication of the research is to examine the perceptions of 50 employees at the Brem Small Industry Clushter in Pasuruan Regency. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression.

Analisis Model Tripel Helix Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi (Studi Pada IKM Kerajinan Perak Mojokerto)

Creative economy development aims to develop human resources so that they can compete with reliable quality. Rural areas, especially the Batankrajan Village area, are one of the areas in Mojokerto Regency that have the potential of creative human resources to improve the welfare of the local community. Batankrajan village and is the center of the silver industry which is quite potential as a competitive product and Mojokerto's leading commodity. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the conditions and needs for product development and market development of the craftsmen/performers of the silver craft business in Senta Batankrajan, Mojokerto, East Java, (2) to identify the problems faced by the craftsmen of silver crafts IKM in Mojokerto, East Java, especially in increasing competitiveness, (3) Analyzing the triple helix model in the development of the creative economy as a driving force for Mojokerto silver handicraft products to increase local innovative and creative products that are unique to the region and have high added value and are able to become regional icons. This research also identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can be used as information to map the strengths and weaknesses of creative industry players so that strategies for developing the right Triple helix model can be formulated for business actors. This research produces an economic/creative industry model with a Triple helix approach that provides a role for stakeholders (government, universities and business actors) in advancing the creative industry in rural areas, especially the silver industry in the center of Batankrajan, Mojokerto. Several recommendations and the framework for developing the Triple Helix model in the development of the creative economy include: Institutional strengthening, through Joint Business Groups, in order to invest in product development and market penetration as well as facilitate the establishment of access to financial sources and market access, the creation and establishment of intensive communication between government, universities and creative industry players, as well as the establishment of community forums that involve the government, universities in the Mojokerto area and do not rule out universities outside Mojokerto as well as industry players that function as communication forums and as a means of coaching and training.

Analisis Model Tripel Helix Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi (Studi Pada IKM Kerajinan Perak Mojokerto)

Creative economy development aims to develop human resources so that they can compete with reliable quality. Rural areas, especially the Batankrajan Village area, are one of the areas in Mojokerto Regency that have the potential of creative human resources to improve the welfare of the local community. Batankrajan village and is the center of the silver industry which is quite potential as a competitive product and Mojokerto's leading commodity. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the conditions and needs for product development and market development of the craftsmen/performers of the silver craft business in Senta Batankrajan, Mojokerto, East Java, (2) to identify the problems faced by the craftsmen of silver crafts IKM in Mojokerto, East Java, especially in increasing competitiveness, (3) Analyzing the triple helix model in the development of the creative economy as a driving force for Mojokerto silver handicraft products to increase local innovative and creative products that are unique to the region and have high added value and are able to become regional icons. This research also identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can be used as information to map the strengths and weaknesses of creative industry players so that strategies for developing the right Triple helix model can be formulated for business actors. This research produces an economic/creative industry model with a Triple helix approach that provides a role for stakeholders (government, universities and business actors) in advancing the creative industry in rural areas, especially the silver industry in the center of Batankrajan, Mojokerto. Several recommendations and the framework for developing the Triple Helix model in the development of the creative economy include: Institutional strengthening, through Joint Business Groups, in order to invest in product development and market penetration as well as facilitate the establishment of access to financial sources and market access, the creation and establishment of intensive communication between government, universities and creative industry players, as well as the establishment of community forums that involve the government, universities in the Mojokerto area and do not rule out universities outside Mojokerto as well as industry players that function as communication forums and as a means of coaching and training.

Strategi Pengembangan Potensi Desa Ekowisata dan Kerajinan Perak di Desa Pampang

Pampang Village is one of the villages located in Paliyan District, Gunungkidul Regency which has its own uniqueness. The village which has an area of about 371 hectares has various potentials ranging from tourism, culinary, agro-tourism, and the most famous is silver handicraft. Therefore, the aim of the researcher is to develop and find out the various potentials of villages in Pampang Village, Paliyan District, Gunungkidul Regency, especially in the field of silver handicrafts and the development of ecotourism in Pampang Village. The data collection process uses several methods, such as literature study, namely by studying written materials from books, journals, articles, etc., as well as through interviews with resource persons who are around the residence of the research members. The results of this study regarding the potential of this Pampang village show that Pampang Village, Paliyan, Gunungkidul has various potentials that are quite unique compared to other villages in Gunung Kidul Regency.

Application of the K-Means Algorithm to Segmentation of Consumer Interest in Silver Craft "Kreasi Slaka Bali"

Kreasi Slaka Bali is a company engaged in the silver handicraft sector. Each stage of the process is still done manually, starting from material preparation, handmade work, until making the packaging for delivery. Certainly, this requires more time to be able to produce an item of the same quality in each production. The need for extra time and business in product manufacturing, the company needs a marketing strategy that can be seen from consumer interest in the product. So this research discusses consumer interest based on transaction data by forming clusters based on purchases amount with other attributes, namely the product price, product size, product weight, and level of difficulty. The data used is transaction data for 2 transactions in 2019. The algorithm used is K-Means with the Elbow Method to determine the number of clusters. There are clusters of k = 5 with the cluster that has the most data in the first cluster (k = 0) with a total purchase of 193 products with an average price of US $ 69,554688.

Removal of Silver (Ag) from Artificially Contaminated Soil Using Acetic Acid as Electrolyte with Electrokinetic Remediation

The electrokinetic remediation of artificially silver (Ag) contaminated soils was evaluated. In this study, the soil sample was taken from locations A and C near silver handicraft workshop assuming has similar natural geochemistry with silver contaminated soil. While, control soil was taken from locations B and D at Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All soil samples were contaminated with a silver (100 mg AgNO3/Kg soil) and they were treated in six cycles of saturation process using de-ionized water and air-dried before being aged for one year and subjected to electrokinetic (EK) remediation treatment. The physical and chemical properties of soil were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric. Soil components such as organic matter, total nitrogen, CEC, soil texture, and soil buffer capacity were also evaluated. Desorption of silver with different acetic acid concentrations (i.e 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M) was also studied in a batch system. Electrokinetic remediation treatment was conducted by a graphite electrode in a constant voltage of 1 Vcm-1 for 7 d. The current flow during EK remediation treatment was recorded by data logger for every 10 mints. The results showed that high removal of silver from soil was achieved when using 1.0 M acetic acid as the electrolyte. In this regard, the EK remediation treatment could achieve high silver removal from soil A (92 to 93%) and soil C (82 to 92%) compared with soil B (75 to 96%) and soil D (26 to 74%), respectively.

Pemberdayaan Pengrajin Perak Melalui Market Place sebagai Media Penjualan Online di Desa Ungga,Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

The impact of the industrial revolution era 4.0 has been switched from a traditional system to a digital. Therefore, craftsmen also must follow the changing of this era to sell their handicrafts that previously used a traditional sales system where buyers have to go to the counter/gallery selling silver, especially the silver handicrafts in the village of Lombok, Central Lombok. The output of this community service is that craftsmen have an online shop as a medium for selling the silver handicrafts in Ungga. This online shop can be accessed by residents all over the world anytime and anywhere in making an online store uses the word press content management system because it probably solves the problem to increase the product sales.

POTENSI PERMUKIMAN PERAJIN PERAK TRADISIONAL BERBASIS ARSITEKTUR DAN EKONOMI KREATIF DI DESA CELUK, GIANYAR

Industri kerajinan perak di Desa Celuk, Gianyar merupakan sentra kerajinan perak terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah kota Gede Yogyakarta. Keunggulan kerajinan perak di desa Celuk adalah pada desain perhiasan yang unik dan masih melalui proses pengerjaan secara tradisional (handmade) sekaligus menjadi destinasi wisata. Selain itu, keadaan sekitar Desa Celuk terlihat mengalami perkembangan pesat dalam hal daerah tujuan wisata (DTW). Keberadaan destinasi tersebut berpeluang untuk mengoptimalkan permukiman perajin perak tradisional sebagai akomodasi wisata. Perlu adanya penelitian tentang kriteria standar akomodasi wisata, kebijakan, serta tata kelola kedepan menjadi luaran hasil dari penelitian ini. Draft naskah akademik yang dapat menjadi acuan untuk mengeluarkan standarisasi dan aturan-aturan adat atau dinas diharapkan dapat mendorong Desa Celuk menjadi destinasi wisata yang terbaik di Kabupaten Gianyar yang secara mandiri dan mampu memenuhi kesejahteraan warga desanya melalui potensi wisata yang ada. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif eksploratif, ditemukan potensi permukiman perajin perak di Desa Celuk dimana selain terdapat ruangan untuk tinggal dan bekerja, terdapat area yang bisa difungsikan sebagai guest house atau homestay. 
 Kata kunci: permukiman; pariwisata; potensi

Peranan Pelanggan Dalam Produksi Industri Kerajinan Perak Di Kota Denpasar

The aim of this study is to analyze the role of regular customers owned by each unit of the silver handicraft business. Furthermore, this study also looks at how the influence of the use of production factors such as raw materials, capital and labor in the silver handicraft business on the number of permanent customers owned and on the production of silver handicrafts. This study uses primary data collected through questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted to justify the results of the analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, raw materials have a positive and significant effect while capital and labor do not have a significant effect on customers. Raw materials and labor have positive and significant effects while customers and capital have negative and significant effects on production. 

The Implication of Balinese Local Wisdom and Entrepreneurship Orientation of Financial Resources and SMEs Profitability of Silver Crafts

Silver handicraft is one of the Balinese export commodities. It has a unique design and manufacturing process method. This craft supports the Bali tourism industry. Bongkasa Pertiwi is one of the villages in Badung regency. The people of this village living as silver craftsmen. The design of this village silver handicraft is quite popular and still exists. This is caused by they adopting cultural values and having an entrepreneurial spirit in managing business resources and performance. The aim of this study is to examine the pattern of cultural value (Bali local wisdom) to entrepreneurial orientation, financial resources and profitability of SME. The respondents of this study were 38 SMEs in the Bongkasa Pertiwi, Bali. Data analysis was performed using PLS (partial least square). The results of this study (1) the value of Bali's local wisdom has a positive and significant impact on financial resources of SMEs, (2) the value of Bali's local wisdom has a positive and not significant impact on SMEs profitability, (3) financial resources have a negative and significant impact on SMEs profitability (4) entrepreneurial orientation has a negative and significant impact on financial resources of SMEs, (5) entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant impact on SMEs profitability.

Peran Kaum Muda Kotagede: Konservasi dan Regenerasi Kelangsungan Usaha Kreatif Perak

Creative endevour of silver in Jagalan Village started since the 16th century and 17th and reached the heyday in 1910 and 1970-1980. But after Monetary Crisis (1998), Bali Bombing (2002) and Earthquake (2006) the number of silversmiths were declining continously, making artisans reluctant to share their skills possessed to future generations. This condition brought up response and strategies of youth in applying the concept of 3T (talent, technology and tolerance) toward the sustainability of creative business of Kotagede silver handicraft in Jagalan Village. This research uses qualitative research method and descriptive analysis. Research findings in this research is youth as the actor to potential and capacity as agent of change, starting from motivation, the process, space to the implementation of through movement conservation and efforts to regenerate silversmiths mapping and quarrying of tourism village’s, make video tourism promotion and marketing couple ring to Hongkong, then hold workshop design for makers, Jagalan Festival and a healthy walking. Secondly, movement conservation as an effort to regeneration in which implemented through the application of 3T concept collaboratively. Talents is pertaining to family background, social environment and youngster’s education; tolerance is openness in interaction toward various parties and technology facility for marketing and publication. Variety of initiatives and the ideas are implemented into 6 ( six ), education by providing the space for discussion, marketing for traditional foods and of silver craft products , publication in order to provide a chance silversmiths in accessing the market, innovation make craftsman having the bargaining power as artisan (expert), maintenance and movement to be preservation of cultural heritage ancestors. One of the output of these efforts is Jagalan Tlisih Kampung.

Pengaruh Ion Hg(II) Terhadap Efektivitas Fotoreduksi Ion Cu(II) Terkatalisis TiO2 dalam Limbah Cair Industri Kerajinan Perak di Desa Ungga Kec. Praya Lombok Tengah

In this study a study of the effect of TiO2 photocatalysts and Hg (II) ions in thewastewater of the silver industry in Ungga Village, Kec. PrayaKab. CentralLombok to the effectiveness of Cu (II) photoreduction which is catalyzed byTiO2. The photoreduction process is carried out by irradiating liquid wastecontaining Cu (II) and Hg (II) ions without or by adding TiO2 photocatalystpowder in a closed reactor equipped with UV light. The condition of thephotoreduction process is 50 mL of silver waste containing Cu (II) and Hg (II)with a reaction time of 24 hours and a mass of TiO2 20 mg at 10 ppm Cu (II) ionconcentration. Photoreduction results are determined based on the difference inthe concentration of Cu (II) ions with the concentration of residual Cu (II) ionsin silver waste without the addition of TiO2 photocatalysts. Furthermore, thedata obtained compared to the results of Cu (II) photoreduction catalyzed bypure TiO2 laboratory scale. The amount of metal in the mixture was determinedby the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results showedthat in silver handicrafts containing Cu (II) and Hg (II) ions the addition of TiO2can increase the effectiveness of Cu (II) photoreduction from 6.57% to 33.38%,which begins with the adsorption process. Hg (II) in silver handicraft wastecauses inter-metal reduction competition so that it can reduce the effectiveness ofCu (II) ion photoreduction catalyzed by TiO2 by 9.84% when compared to thepercentage of Cu (II) ion Ti2O scale scale laboratory testing.

Pemanfaatan Karbon Baggase Teraktivasi Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Logam Tembaga Pada Limbah Kerajinan Perak Di Lombok Tengah

Copper metal levels in silver craft waste can cause health problems in humansand pollute the surrounding environment. One method of processing wastewateris the adsorption technique using activated carbon dioxide. The first step is tofirst determine the copper metal content in silver handicraft waste in UnggaVillage, Central Lombok. Furthermore, the waste water is contacted withactivated carbon. The production of activated bagasse carbon consists of threestages, namely first dehydration by burning bagasse until it turns into carbon,second carbonation which is heating temperature of 500ºC, carbon yields of 100-200 mesh and third, activation by immersing 50 grams of carbon in 500 mL 15%NaOH during 12 hours. After that the carbon is dried at 110ºC and finally heatedat 500ºC for 1 hour. The bagasse carbon that has been made is put into 25 mL ofwaste water sample with a mass of 2 grams of adsorbent. The sample is thenstirred at various contact times of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes at a speed of180 rpm using a batch system. The optimum contact time and concentration areused to calculate the efficiency of decreasing copper metal content by calculatingthe difference in copper metal content before adsorption and after adsorptionusing activated carbon dioxide. The concentration of all Cu (II) metals wasanalyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). From the researchit was found that the copper metal content in the sample was 14.5710 ppm. Theoptimum contact time for copper metal adsorption is at 120 minutes contact timewhich results in optimum adsorption efficiency in ferrous metals, namely84.88%.

Strategi Pengembangan Banjar Samu, Singapadu Kaler Sebagai Desa Wisata Di Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar

The research aim is to determine development strategy of Banjar Samu as a tourism village. This research used qualitative and quantitative data with source from primary and secondary data. Observation, interview and documentation are data collection techniques. The sample method used purposive sampling while data analysis used descriptive qualitative and SWOT analysis.
 Based on the results, the research indicate is that Banjar Samu have tourism potential which is consisted of natural potentials include panorama of rice fields and water springs. While the potential of culture include: community activities, hospitality and attitude of mutual cooperation, temples: building architecture and religious activity, sacred art of barong landung and another arts entertainment such as joged bumbung, arja, gambelan geguntangan, as well as local craft communities such as wood carving, silver handicrafts, yoga-meditation activity and sekaa such as sekaa gong, joged, geguntangan, arja, angklung, subak and sekaa santi.
 Based on the analysis of SWOT Matrix, the results obtained by SO strategies are improving the quality of tourism potential and establish tourist activity. ST strategy is improving the security services. WO strategies are increasing cooperation with the government college, arranging some promotion. WT strategies are providing education and establish a tourist village management system immediately.
 
 Keywords: Tourism Potential, Strategy Development, TourismVillage