Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Hybrid Sunscreen for Albinistic Skin Types Augmented by Terminalia Sericea Mediated Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Efficacy and Safety Investigation

Albinism is a congenital hypopigmentation disorder characterized by errors in melanisation leading to the partial or complete absence of melanin, the skin’s primary defense against actinic damage. Actinic damage in albinism summarizes all solar induced consequences from freckles to fatal skin cancers. Of the 16 sunscreens approved by regulators, 14 chemical sunscreens were stripped of GRASE (Generally Recognizable as Safe and Effective) status in 2020 by the FDA though Over-the-Counter Monograph M020, the remaining 2 physical sunscreens (ZnO and TiO2) are unaesthetic, leaving unpleasant persistent white casts. The hunt for new, effective and safe sunscreen agents is on and photoprotective polyphenolics from tropical plants including Terminalia sericea, maybe the solution. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel sunscreen for albinistic skin, utilizing Terminalia sericea-mediated silver-doped ZnO nanoparticles, so as to leverage the novel sun protection efficacy of aesthetic ZnO-NPs with the antibacterial effects of Ag-NPs as well as the photoprotective effects from T. Sericea polyphenolics. Our observations from the study confirm that T. Sericea possesses abundant polyphenolic compounds capable of mediating bio-reducing and capping of metallic nanoparticles. UV-Vis identified the nanostructures as Ag-ZnONPs, TEM confirmed their cubic and oblong agglomerated morphology. DLS estimated the nanostructures to be between 30 and 40nm. The sunscreen achieved a high SPF of 30, showed significant photoprotective properties, and demonstrated negligible skin sensitization in safety tests following OECD guidelines. It was therefore concluded that the biosynthesis of multifunctional Ag doped ZnONPs mediated by T. Sericea, was feasible and that the resultant safe multifunctional emulsion was efficacious in retarding biomarkers of actinic damage and is a potential pioneering albinistic skin type actinic damage retarding sunscreen.

Evaluating the biomedical potential of phytomediated silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from n-butanol fraction of Adiantum venustum D. Don

Cancer and bacterial antibiotic resistance are the first two pressing issues confronting the pharmaceutical industry today. With this in mind, the current goal of this research is to create eco-friendly, green synthesized nanostructures that have the potential to at least partially eliminate these issues. The research aims to synthesize ZnO (zinc oxide) and Ag-doped ZnO (silver doped zinc oxide) nanoparticles with two different concentrations (AgxZn1-xO) and variations in their biological potential. To the best of our knowledge, the n-butanol fraction of A. venustum is being used as a first attempt to synthesize Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles that too with varying concentrations. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) technique endorses the materialization of wurtzite structure for zinc oxide (ZnO–B) and hexagonal wurtzite configuration for the silver-doped complexes (AgZnO–B1 and AgZnO–B2). The Scherrer formula was utilized to examine the average crystallite sizes of ZnO–B (29.21 nm), AgZnO–B1 (22.03 nm), and AgZnO–B2 (27.76 nm). Using transmission electron microscopy micrographs, the grain sizes of AgZnO–B1 (57.72 ± 1.84 nm), AgZnO–B2 (75.31 ± 2.03 nm), and ZnO–B (45.84 ± 0.57 nm) were measured. The XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) revealed the Zn2+ and Ag + oxidation state of green synthesized nanoparticles. Additionally, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities were assessed in relation to the n-butanol fraction of A. venustum and the synthesized nanomaterials. Of all the synthesized nanoparticles, AgZnO–B1 has proven to be a potent biomedical agent in all biological activities. AgZnO–B1 was found to have potential as an anti-inflammatory (IC50- EAA 33.63 ± 0.05 μg/mL; BSA 28.02 ± 0.80 μg/mL) and anticancer (IC50 85.27 μg/mL) agent in the study. Therefore, it should be underlined that nanoparticles have enormous biological efficacy and used in a range of therapeutic contexts.

An Effective Antimicrobial Effect by Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

An Effective Antimicrobial Effect by Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

Depolymerization of PET Wastes Catalysed by Tin and Silver doped Zinc oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Embryonic Toxicity Using Zebrafish

Depolymerization of PET Wastes Catalysed by Tin and Silver doped Zinc oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Embryonic Toxicity Using Zebrafish

Study of Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Ag- and Mg-Dual-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles.

A non-laborious process for the fabrication of silver and magnesium dual doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag/Mg-ZnO NP) is described. The wurtzite ZnO nano-structures and the dual doped NP were analyzed by PXRD. SEM data showed the hexagonal morphology of our product, while the gathered anti-bacterial outcomes towards Streptococcus mutans bacteria through micro-dilution technic affirmed the enhanced performance of doped NP compared to the native ones. Furthermore, we gauged the toxic impacts of synthesized pure and Ag/Mg-ZnO NP against a breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line through an MTT trial, which highlighted the superiority of the doped when compared to the native nanoparticles. In light of these comparisons, the applicability of Ag/Mg-ZnO NP in dental and medical science is proposed.

Development and evaluation of carrier oils encapsulated silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded bio-plastic composites towards anti-microbial packaging applications

Development and evaluation of carrier oils encapsulated silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded bio-plastic composites towards anti-microbial packaging applications

Chemical recycling of polyester textile wastes using silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: an economical solution for circular economy.

The waste management of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-derived polyester (PES) textile is a global issue, and material recovery throughchemical recycling can restore a circular economy. In our investigation, microwave-induced catalytic aminolysis and glycolysis of PES textile wastes using Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been proposed. Ag-doped ZnO is prepared by the sol-gel method and characterised by XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM-EDX and TEM. The reaction parameters such as PET-to-catalyst ratio, microwave power and irradiation time, temperature and catalyst recycling have been optimised. The catalyst was found to be more stable and could be recycled up to six times without losing its activity. Both theaminolysis and glycolysis of PES showed 100% conversion and afforded of bis (2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalamide (BHETA) and bis (2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalate (BHET), respectively. The depolymerisation of PES wastes using Ag-doped ZnO afforded BHETA and BHET for about 95 and 90%, respectively. The monomers BHET and BHETA confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. According to the findings, 2 mol% Ag-doped ZnO has higher catalytic activity.

Novel Laser-Assisted Chemical Bath Synthesis of Pure and Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Improved Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, amplified by factors such as water scarcity and suboptimal hygienic practices. Addressing AMR effectively necessitates a comprehensive strategy encompassing enhanced access to potable water, developing innovative antibiotics, and exploring alternative treatment modalities, such as harnessing solar photocatalysis with zinc oxide nanoparticles for water purification and antimicrobial applications. The Laser-Assisted Chemical Bath Synthesis (LACBS) technique facilitates the fabrication of pure ZnO nanostructures, providing a potentially efficacious solution for mitigating pathogen proliferation and managing wastewater. The photocatalytic degradation of MB and MO dyes was investigated using blue laser light at 445 nm, and degradation rates were determined accordingly. Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures were characterized through X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy of LACBS-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was assessed against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae using the disc diffusion method, revealing 40 mm, 37 mm, 21 mm, 27 mm, and 45 mm inhibition zones at the highest concentration of doped-Ag (4.5%), respectively. These inhibition zones were measured in accordance with the guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. X-ray diffraction patterns for ZnO, ZnOAg(1.5%), ZnO:Ag(3%), and ZnO:Ag(4.5%) samples revealed variations in intensity and crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy exposed morphological disparities among the nanostructures, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified their elemental compositions. UV-Vis absorption analyses inspected the optical band gaps, and Fourier-transform infrared spectra identified the stretching mode of metal-oxygen bonds. Under blue laser irradiation, Ag-doped ZnO exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity during the photocatalytic degradation. These nanoparticles, synthesized via the cost-effective and straightforward LACBS method, benefit from silver doping that augments their electron-trapping properties and photocatalytic activity, thereby enabling efficient dye degradation. Consequently, Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles hold promise as a potent solution for counteracting drug-resistant microorganisms and as an effective disinfectant.

Synthesis and characterization (optical and antibacterial) of silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

In the present work, Zn1-xAgxO (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel synthesis method. Microstructural, morphological, optical, and antibacterial characterizations were performed. The wurtzite crystalline structure was confirmed through XRD analysis. The maximum crystallite size was found for Zn0.93Ag0.07O (∼22.36 nm). Rietveld refinement was performed to understand better crystal symmetry. The optical band gap property exhibited a decremental pattern with the increasing Ag content. The lowest band gap was achieved by Zn0.93Ag0.07O (∼3.26 eV). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis ensured the bond stretching of Zn–O and Ag–O near the absorbance band of 490 cm−1. Further, the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to determine the samples' weight loss, and the minimum weight loss was observed for Zn0.93Ag0.07O (∼9–11%). Finally, the antibacterial characterization was performed using Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria), and again Zn0.93Ag0.07O exhibited better performances than other synthesized nanoparticles.

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects of silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared using fruit extract of Capsicum Chinense

Phyto-mediated nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great attention in recent times due to their unique properties such as high biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, silver- zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag/ZnO-NPs) were prepared using the fruit extract of Capsicum Chinense. The results obtained from both structural, and optical characterization of the nanoparticles confirmed the purity of the composites and their high crystallinity. The nanoparticles exhibited two absorption peaks at 376 and 258 nm with a bang gap energy of 3.53 eV, and the nanoparticulate size of the materials exhibited antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. The Ag/ZnO-NPs exhibited better proliferative activity against HEK 293 cells than HeLa cells. The antibacterial study showed that both the pristine and the composite nanoparticles (ZnO and Ag/ZnO-NPs) have high bactericidal effect on all tested bacterial pathogens, with Ag/ZnO-NPs displaying better antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity studies showed a dose-dependent proliferative relationship between Ag/ZnO-NPs and tested cancer cells (HEK 293 and HeLa). Antibacterial results showed significant zones of bactericidal inhibition for all tested bacterial pathogens using the biosynthesized ZnO and Ag/ZnO-NPs. These findings demonstrated two-fold applications of biosynthesized Ag/ZnO-NPs, as anticancer and antibacterial agents.

A promising antimicrobial bionanocomposite based poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) reinforced silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

A bionanocomposite based on biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and reinforced with silver@zinc oxide (Ag–ZnO) was synthesized in variable loadings of Ag–ZnO using the in-situ casting dissolution technique. The degradable biopolymer PHBV had been biosynthesized from date waste as a renewable carbon source. The fabricated products were investigated as promising antibacterial materials. The Ag–ZnO nanoparticles were also synthesized using the green method in the presence of Gum Arabic. The Ag–ZnO nanoparticles were loaded within the PHBV biopolymer backbone at concentration of 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%, PHBV/Ag–ZnO(1,3,5,10%). The chemical structure, morphology, physical and thermal properties of the PHBV/Ag–ZnO bionanocomposites were assessed via common characterization tools of FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM and EDX. One step of the degradation process was observed in the range of 200–220 °C for all the obtained materials. The onset degradation temperature of the bionanocomposites have been noticeably increased with increasing the nanofiller loading percentage. In addition, fabricated products were investigated for their interesting antibacterial performance. A detailed biological screening for the obtained products was confirmed against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Overall, the bionanocomposite PHBV/Ag–ZnO(10%) was the most potent against both types of the selected bacteria. The order of bacterial growth inhibition on the surface of the fabricated bionanocomposites was detected as follows: PHBV/Ag–ZnO(10%) > PHBV/Ag–ZnO(5%) > PHBV/Ag–ZnO(3%) > PHBV/Ag–ZnO(1%).

Plant-mediated synthesis of silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against bacteria cause tooth decay.

In this research, silver-doped zinc oxide (SdZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in an environmental-friendly manner. The synthesized NPs were identified by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO and SdZnO NPs was performed. It was observed that by doping silver, the size of ZnO NPs was changed. By adding silver to ZnO NPs, the antimicrobial effect of ZnO NPs was improved. Antibacterial test against gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutants showed that SdZnO NPs with a low density of silver had higher antibacterial activity than ZnO NPs; Therefore, SdZnO NPs can be used as a new antibacterial agent in medical applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using an eco-friendly synthesis method and their antimicrobial activity against bacteria causing tooth decay was studied.

Green Facile Synthesis of Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Effect on Drug Release.

Silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZANPs) were synthesized by the gelatin mediated and polymerized sol-gel method, and a calcination temperature of 700 °C was applied for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, TGA, DSC, and EDS were performed to study the structure of the prepared nano-powders. Both cubic silver and hexagonal ZnO diffraction peaks were detected in the XRD patterns. The XRD results, analyzed by the size strain plot (SSP) and Scherrer methods, showed that the crystalline sizes of these nanoparticles increased as the Ag concentration increased. The results were observed via transition electron microscopy (TEM), where the particle size of the prepared samples was increased in the presence of silver. Catechin was chosen as a drug model and was loaded into the hydrogels for release studies. The drug content percentage of catechin in the hydrogels showed a high loading of the drug, and the highest rate was 98.59 ± 2.11%, which was attributed to the Zn0.97Ag0.03O hydrogels. The swelling of the samples and in vitro release studies were performed. The results showed that Zn0.91Ag0.09O showed the highest swelling ratio (68 3.40%) and, consequently, the highest release (84) within 300 min. The higher amount of silver ions in the hydrogel structure causes it to enhance the osmotic pressure of the inner structure and increases the relaxation of the structure chain.

Synthesis and characterization of efficient photocatalyst from seaweed extract under solar irradiation

Silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized employing a facile hydrothermal method supported by the seaweed Turbinaria ornata (TO). TO extract was used as a capping agent. The prepared NPs were accounted for using instrumentational analysis such as FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis. Their characteristic study showed an average size of 26 nm with 81% crystallinity with X-ray Diffraction and the band-gap value as 3.25 eV. The biosynthesized doped particle exhibited rod-shaped morphology for better efficiency in dye degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. They were also tested for adsorption kinetics and photocatalytic degradation of MB using sunlight. The efficiency in degrading the MB dye proclaimed a remarkable change in solar irradiation of about 90% reduction to visible light, which leads to the betterment in solar degradation of dye pollutants at a minimal cost.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle from Beetle Leaf Extract- Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Abstract: Plants or natural resources have been found to be a good alternative method for nanoparticles synthesis. In this study, silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (AgZno4NPs) synthesized from Piper betle leaves extract were investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared from the reduction of Zinc oxide and NaBH4 was used as reducing agent, later doped with silver nitrate. Silver doped zinc nanoparticles were mixed thoroughly and subjected for characterization studies. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Visual inspection, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Antimicrobial activities of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. UV–Vis spectrum of reaction mixture showed strong absorption peak with centering at 400 nm. The FT-IR results imply that Ag-Zn NPs were successfully synthesized and capped with bio-compounds present in P. betle and particle size ranging from <100nm. The result revealed that AgZn-Extract NPs showed 12.78±0.64 mm zone of inhibition against S. typhi, whereas streptomycin (positive control) showed maximum 15.15±0.40 mm zone of inhibition for S.mutans. Again, maximum zone of inhibition found for S. mutans. The results obtained by this study can’t be directly extrapolated to human; so further studies should be undertaken to established the strong antimicrobial activity of Ag-Extract NPs for drug development program

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic application of silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

The advancement in nanotechnology has influenced the improvement in the photocatalytic performance of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The photocatalytic activities of ZnO are within irradiation wavelengths in the ultraviolet region and this hinders its efficiency in photocatalytic applications. Undoped and silver doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ag-doped ZnO NPs) were successfully prepared by co-precipitation technique at Ag doping concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 % to enhance the photocatalytic ability of ZnO NPs. The XRD results indicate a hexagonal wurtzite structure of the undoped and Ag-doped ZnO NPs with the estimated crystalline size ranges from 30.79, 23.72, 36.97, 21.49, and 25.66 nm, respectively, for ZnO at Ag doping concentrations. The SEM micrograph revealed the uniform distribution of Ag on the surface of ZnO NPs and a decrease in the size of the particle as concentration increases. The displacement in the absorption edge of ZnO to a higher wavelength led to narrowing the optical bandgap of ZnO due to Ag doping, as observed in the DRS spectra. Photocatalytic performance and photodegradation experiments were conducted using a model methylene blue (MB) dye contaminated in water. The dye concentration decreases as irradiation time increases in the presence of the photocatalyst with the improved performance of less exposure time and the highest dye degradation of about 98 %. It was revealed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO toward MB degradation was effectively improved by Ag doping. Therefore, Ag doping of ZnO NPs had the synergetic effect of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of green synthesized ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles on brain glioblastoma cells

This study introduces a green preparation method for un-doped and 1, 4, and 8% silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag-doped ZnO NPs) by exerting the aqueous extract of Salvadora persica. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed through Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Raman analyses. The results of PXRD, EDX, and UV–Vis confirmed the existence of well-doped silver in zinc oxide structure, while the FESEM outcomes exhibited their spherical shape and average size of 40–15 nm. The toxicity effect of synthesized un-doped (ZnO NPs alone) and Ag-doped ZnO NPs on brain glioblastoma cells (U87) was investigated by performing the WST-1 test. Accordingly, the un-doped ZnO NPs was observed to cause more toxic effects on U87 cells when being compared to the case of silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Thus, the stronger inhibitory effect of synthesized un-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles against U87 cells was similar to the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin at a concentration of 100 μg/mL.

Sonocatalytic degradation of Congo red by using green synthesized silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

In this work, silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully prepared using green synthesis. The prepared samples were then characterized by the means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The samples were found to have high crystallinity and purity. A reduction in the size was observed in silver doped ZnO nanoparticles as compared to pristine ZnO nanoparticles due to the lattice distortion induced by dopant. The introduction of silver dopant into the lattice structure also led to band gap narrowing. Evaluation of sonocatalytic degradation was carried out through parameter study including the types of plants used to synthesize silver doped ZnO nanoparticles, initial dye concentration (20 mg/L to 40 mg/L), catalyst loading (0.75 g/L to 2.0 g/L) and different types of dye. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Asian pigeonwings flower with 5 wt% of silver doping performed the best in the sonocatalytic degradation among all the samples. The degradation efficiency of Congo red was optimized at operating conditions with 20 mg/L of initial dye concentration and 1.75 g/L of catalyst loading. In addition, the biosynthesized silver doped ZnO nanoparticles show excellent sonocatalytic performance in the degradation of various types of dye. In short, this work provides exposure for developing the removal of hazardous organic dye pollutants using green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles with silver doping under ultrasound irradiation.

Green synthesis of silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using fresh leaf extract Morinda citrifoliaand its antioxidant potential

A green synthesis approach has been employed to synthesize silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles from the fresh leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia using a simple co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles are investigated using FTIR, XRD, UV–Visible, SEM and antioxidant analysis. FTIR spectra displayed characteristic peaks related to ZnO. The formation of hexagonal crystal structure for the synthesized nanoparticles is confirmed from the XRD analysis. The calculated band gap energy is found to be decreased for the Ag-ZnO nanoparticles. The surface morphology analyzed using SEM indicated that pure ZnO nanoparticles synthesized without using the leaf extract are more agglomerated whereas the Ag-ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using the leaf extract are almost spherical in shape with less agglomeration. A maximum radical scavenging activity of 83% is observed for the green synthesized Ag-ZnO nanoparticles.

Facile Synthesis of Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures as Efficient Scaffolds for Detection of p-Nitrophenol

In this paper, silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using a solution combustion technique, in which zinc nitrate is used as an oxidizer and tartaric acid as a fuel. The phase composition, morphology and structural properties of the as-synthesized zinc oxide and silver-doped zinc oxide were established by using powdered X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. Due to well-defined morphologies and crystallinity, the pure zinc oxide and silver-doped zinc oxide nanostructures can be used as efficient chemical sensors for the detection of p-nitrophenol (PNP). ZnO was found to show a low value of the limit of detection (LOD), i.e., 2.175 µM/L, for p-nitrophenol sensing; moreover, a sharp decrease in the limit of detection was observed with an increase in the concentration of silver ions, and the LOD value decreased to 0.669 µM/L for 10 mol % silver-doped zinc oxide. It is therefore concluded that Ag-doped ZnO shows a lower limit of detection as compared to pure ZnO for p-nitrophenol sensing.