Silver Doped Titanium Dioxide Research Articles

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of conventional poly methyl methacrylate denture base resin materials containing silver doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles against cariogenic bacteria and candida albicans

The main aim of the study was to find the antimicrobial properties of a poly methyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) which is modified with silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This research study was done to prove that the incorporation of silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles improves the antimicrobial and antifungal properties.The poly methyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) powder was modified using 0 wt%(control) 1wt% and 3wt% silver doped TiO2 nanoparticles Test specimens were prepared of dimensions 5 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm. The antimicrobial properties of the specimens were evaluated by calculating CFU/ml. The obtained values were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallis test, and post-hoc Tukey’s test at a significance level of 5%. The incorporation of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles into denture base resin improved antimicrobial activity. Compared to 1% and 3% nanoparticle doped, 3% has given better antimicrobial activity calculated using CFU/ml. It is reduced to one-fourth the microbial growth compared to the control group. The addition of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles to denture base resin is an effective method for antimicrobial and antifungal action.

Removal of chromium from aqueous solution by CLCh/Fe/MWCNT/TiO2-Ag magnetic composite film: Simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(III) adsorption

A catalyst CLCh/Fe/MWCNT/TiO2-Ag film was prepared using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) impregnated with magnetic iron oxide and silver-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2-Ag), being deposited on crosslinked chitosan (CLCh). The physicochemical characterization of the catalyst was performed by various analytical techniques such as ICP-MS, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). A solution of Cr(VI) (30 mg/L) was used in the evaluation of the photoreduction of (Cr(VI) to Cr(III)) using UV–visible light (filter cut-off for λ > 300 nm). The composite film allowed, when applied in a solution of 30 mg/L of Cr(VI) at pH 2, the removal and simultaneous photoreduction of 97 % of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in 120 min. The cationic Cr(III) generated remains retained in the composite film by adsorption on the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of MWCNTs. The CLCh/Fe/MWCNT/TiO2-Ag film can be mechanically removed from the aqueous solution or by magnetic attraction. In ten consecutive cycles of reuse, the CLCh/Fe/MWCNT/TiO2-Ag film showed an efficiency of 84 % in the photoreduction of Cr(VI).

Visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B over silver-doped titanium dioxide nanocomposites supported on Fuller's earth.

Silver-doped-titanium dioxide nanoparticles supported on Fuller's earth, prepared by the sol-gel method, were characterized with XRD, TGA, zeta potential, SEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, photoluminescence and UV-DRS measurements. The material, Ag-TiO2-Fuller's earth (AgTF), was tested for photocatalytic activity concerning the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation with pH, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration as the process variables. The degradation kinetics indicated pseudo-first-order kinetics with rate constant of (i) 0.55 min-1with 0.12 gL-1AgTF loading, 10-5 M MB at pH 9, and (ii) 0.53 min-1 with 0.08 g L-1 AgTF loading, 5 × 10-5 M RhB at pH 8. The methylene blue degradation was maximum (98.66%) for AgTF loading of 0.12 g L-1 while the maximum RhB degradation (96.34%) was attained with AgTF loading of 0.08 g L-1. With 5 × 10-6M MB concentration, the degradation achieved was 98% in 45 min and 100% in 60 min. One hundred per cent degradation of the dye, RhB (1 × 10-6 M) could be achieved in 30 min with 0.08 g L-1 AgTF at pH 8. The use of Fuller's earth, a cheap, abundant and large surface area support, increases the adsorbability of the dye on the catalyst surface and hence promotes the degradation. The catalyst could be removed easily from the reaction mixture and reused for up to five cycles without any significant decrease in activity. Scavengers such as triethanolamine (TEOA), p-benzoquinone (BQ) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were utilized to get some insight into the photocatalysis mechanism.

Silver infusion: Enhancing physical and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanofibers

We report here titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) nanofibers in a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) matrix. The unique hygroscopic nature of PVP enabled better networking of ethanol-dissolved precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and RAMAN spectroscopy were used to study the phase transformation of the TiO2 nanofibers due to doping, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) provided the surface morphology. The Ag/TiO2 nanofibers transformed from anatase to rutile phase, resulting in better conductive and photocatalytic properties. Dielectric studies suggested phase transformation related charge delocalization and enhanced mobility with increasing Ag content. The photocatalytic properties of the Ag/TiO2 nanofibers were observed via degradation of Congo Red (CR). The increasing Ag content and conversion to the rutile phase enhanced the degradation efficiency from 36 to 92% under Ultra-violet (UV)-light irradiation.

Photocatalytic and bactericidal behaviors of Ag/TiO2 doped biochar through Ball–milling approach

Biochar materials derived from various biomass feedstocks have attracted considerable interest as high-performance sorbents for a wide range of contaminants in wastewater. However, the diligence and preoccupation in developing multifunctional materials with interesting properties has prompted researchers worldwide to consider the functionalization of pure biochar for more beneficial applications. In this study, for the first time, a novel ternary photocatalyst was successfully prepared from date palm rachis biochar (BDPR) and silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) nanoparticles with different Ag/Ti weight ratios using a simple and environmentally friendly ball milling technique. The structural and physicochemical properties of the resulting photocatalysts were investigated by various characterization methods, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The photocatalytic property of the photocatalysts was evaluated through the degradation of organic dyes, namely, methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR). The results show that the photocatalytic activity was greatly enhanced with increasing silver content compared to the neat and TiO2-doped biochars. Complete removal of methylene blue was achieved after 90 and 75 min for 5 %Ag/TiO2-BDPR and 10 %Ag/TiO2-BDPR, respectively, while it took 150 min for 100% photodegradation of Congo red. This was due to the synergistic effect of biochar, silver and TiO2 in trapping electrons and reducing the recombination of e-/h+ pairs. In addition, the photocatalysts could be regenerated and reused for up to 5 cycles without significant degradation of their properties. Furthermore, both 5% and 10% Ag/TiO2 BDPR photocatalysts exhibited high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria due to the combined effect of biochar as a sorbent, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and silver.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Nematicidal Activities of Chitosan-Based Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide.

Chitosan (Cs)-based silver-doped titanium dioxide (Cs-AgTiO2) films were synthesized intending their end-use application in food packaging. AgTiO2 NPs were successfully prepared by using electrochemical synthesis. Cs-AgTiO2 films were synthesized by using the solution casting technique. Various advanced instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for the characterization of Cs-AgTiO2 films. Intending their food packaging applications, samples were further investigated to obtain varied biological results including antibacterial (Escherichia coli), antifungal (Candida albicans), and nematicidal activities. Ampicillin (E. coli) and fluconazole (C. albicans) were used as models. FT-IR and XRD confirm the structural modification of Cs. IR peak shifting was observed, which confirmed that AgTiO2 interacted with chitosan via amide I and amide II groups. This confirmed the stability of the filler in the polymer matrix. SEM also confirmed the successful incorporation of AgTiO2 NPs. Cs-AgTiO2 (3%) shows excellent antibacterial (16.51 ± 2.10 μg/mL) and antifungal (15.67 ± 2.14 μg/mL) activities. Nematicidal assays were also done, and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism. Cs-AgTiO2 NPs (3%) exhibited excellent nematicidal potential (64.20 ± 1.23 μg/mL), which could make these films a suitable novel material to control nematode spread in food.

Green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles using turmeric extract and its enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

Green chemistry is considered a feasible alternative to traditional chemistry and can be applied to the synthesizing of nanomaterials. The current work employed a reducing agent derived from turmeric extract to design an environmentally friendly and cost-effective plant-mediated method for producing silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 was carried out utilizing a dry and wet ball milling sol-gel method with turmeric extract. The effect of varying Ag concentrations in Ag-TiO2 on MB degradation was investigated. According to our findings, the optimal amount of Ag on TiO2 modification resulted in an increase in surface area, an improvement in visible light absorption, and a decrease in the TiO2 bandgap. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results showed the presence of Ag+ in the TiO2 structure, indicating Ag substitution and oxygen vacancy formation in TiO2. Ag NPs could considerably increase the electron–hole separation and enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag-TiO2. The 3 %Ag-TiO2 provided the highest photocatalytic activity for 80 % MB degradation under visible light for 9 h. The method presented here leads to a straightforward and environmentally benign route to make visible-light-active Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles and can be used for treatment of wastewater.

Green Synthesis of Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures for Acetaminophen Degradation Under Solar Radiation

Objective: In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen was evaluated using silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a cylindrical-parabolic composed photoreactor. Materials and methods: Titanium dioxide was synthesized via green synthesis using Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract and doped by silver photodeposition. Results and discussion: Morphological information shows that large agglomerates of approximately 49 nm can be attributed to the strong interaction between nanoparticles and their polycrystalline nature. The photodeposition of metallic silver reduces the surface effects, allowing a decrease in the electrostatic interaction and diameter size of the titanium dioxide, as well as the optical properties due to surface poising during the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver. The photocatalytic activity was performed to degrade acetaminophen as the drug model under visible-light radiation. The results are promising, with superior photodegradation of acetaminophen of approximately 37% and 11% for unmodified titanium dioxide and silver-doped titanium dioxide (0.75 at%) nanostructures compared to the commercial photocatalyst, respectively. Conclusions: Accordingly, the potential photocatalytic application of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanostructures is highlighted and represents a promising alternative for the photodegradation of organic compounds from wastewater eluents.

Bio-Green and Classical Stabilize Agents of Nanoparticles in Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide: The Influence on Antioxidant, Photocatalytic, and Bactericidal Activities

Bio-Green and Classical Stabilize Agents of Nanoparticles in Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide: The Influence on Antioxidant, Photocatalytic, and Bactericidal Activities

Preparation and mechanism investigation of highly sensitive humidity sensor based on Ag/TiO2

In this paper, a high-performance silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) humidity sensor was synthesized using a hydrothermal synthesis method for respiratory monitoring. The sensing mechanism was studied by the first principles of density functional theory (DFT). Calculations show that the doping of Ag+ ions increases the adsorption energy of TiO2 to water molecules. Furthermore, the Ti–O bond in TiO2 is broken due to the doping of Ag+ ions, which promotes the generation of Ti3+ defects. Experiments show that the doping of Ag+ ions can increase the hydroxide groups, Ti3+ defects and oxygen vacancies on the surface of TiO2, thus effectively improving the responsivity, linearity and hysteresis of the TiO2 humidity sensor. Compared to TiO2, the resistance of the Ag/TiO2 (0.5 mM) humidity sensor reaches 4.5 orders of magnitude with a high response of 39707.1, maximum hysteresis rate of 4.6%, response/recovery time of 31 s/15 s and the best linearity in a range of 11%–95% RH. In addition, the Ag/TiO2 humidity sensor has been successfully used to detect different modes of respiration and determine the respiratory rate under different respiratory states. Significantly, this work demonstrates potential application value in human healthcare and activities monitoring.

Leachate post treatment, using Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on rotating vanes

The current study investigated the capability of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalytic landfill leachate post-treatment. Silver doped Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were coated on rotating vanes and used in an immobilized photoreactor for the first time. The system's efficiency in COD, color, turbidity, and TOC removal, was monitored, and the effect of different parameters including pH, coating surface area, and concentration of immobilized nanoparticles was investigated. Based on the results, the maximum COD, color, turbidity, and TOC removal rates were 62%, 66%, 53%, and 55%, respectively, after 4 h of irradiation under optimal conditions. Experimental data on COD removal were also compared with the first and second-order kinetic models and it was concluded that the degradation process is more compatible with the second-order model. Finally, vanes' durability was tested, and according to the results, each set of vanes was capable of being used for at least six consecutive cycles with a negligible decrease in the treatment efficiency. In comparison with pure TiO2, the synthesized Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles showed higher removal rates in equivalent time intervals, and the whole system proved to be a promising post-treatment approach.

High virucidal potential of novel ceramic-metal composites fabricated via hybrid selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering routes.

In this work, we combine selective laser melting (SLM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) to fabricate new materials with high virucidal potential. Various bioactive disc-shaped ceramics, metal alloys, and composites were fabricated and tested against bacteriophage Phi6—a model system for RNA-enveloped viruses. We prepared silver-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 + 2.5‒10% Ag), copper-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 + 2.5‒10% Cu), Cu2NiSiCr, and Cu15Ni8Sn composite materials (metal lattices filled with ceramics). The virucidal tests of the ceramic and metal powders were performed in buffered suspensions, while the surfaces of the discs were tested by swabbing. The results show that the virus titer on the TiO2 + 10% Ag ceramic and CuNi2SiCr metal discs decreased by 4 logs after 15 min of exposure to the surfaces compared to the control ceramic and steel discs. We show that SLM 3D printed pre-alloyed CuNi2SiCr filled with bioactive TiO2 + 10% Ag nanopowders and sintered by the SPS process combines the simplicity of printing with the strength and virucidal properties of Ag and Cu materials. The proposed new virucidal materials were also used for the fabrication of prototype elevator buttons.

Role of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Derived Cellulose in Improving the Sonocatalytic Activity of Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide.

In this study, a novel cellulose/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The cellulose extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) could address the disposal issue created by OPEFB biomass. Characterization studies such as FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, PL, XPS, and surface analysis were conducted. It was observed that the incorporation of cellulose could hinder the agglomeration, reduce the band gap energy to 3 eV, increase the specific surface area to 150.22 m3/g, and lower the recombination rate of the generated electron-hole pairs compared to Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles. The excellent properties enhance the sonocatalytic degradation efficiency of 10 mg/L Congo red (up to 81.3% after 10 min ultrasonic irradiation) in the presence of 0.5 g/L cellulose/Ag/TiO2 at 24 kHz and 280 W. The improvement of catalytic activity was due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag and numerous hydroxyl groups on cellulose that capture the holes, which delay the recombination rate of the charge carriers in TiO2. This study demonstrated an alternative approach in the development of an efficient sonocatalyst for the sonocatalytic degradation of Congo red.

Immobilization of Silver Doped Titanium Dioxide onto Stainless Steel Wire Mesh for Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Formaldehyde under Visible Light Irradiation

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis can degrade air pollutants into nontoxic substances but it can only be excited by UV light. To eliminate this limitation, silver (Ag) and/or graphene oxide (GO) doped TiO2 are applied to enhance visible light photocatalytic activity. In this study, Ag-TiO2 (0.5%, 1%, 2% w/w), GO/TiO2 and GO/Ag-TiO2 were synthesized and then coated on stainless steel mesh. Crystalline and molecule structures, chemical compositions and optical properties of the prepared photocatalyst samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy equipped with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The photocatalytic performances of the various doped catalysts were evaluated according to their abilities to degrade gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) under visible light. The effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of HCHO including layer numbers of photocatalyst, powers of fluorescent lamp and flow rates of HCHO were observed. The results indicated that the presence of Ti, O and Ag elements in Ag-TiO2 and Ti, O, Ag and C elements in GO/Ag-TiO2 was confirmed. Proper dispersion of the photocatalyst on the wire mesh was exhibited. Under visible light, the incorporation of Ag and GO in TiO2 photocatalysts produced higher degradation rates of HCHO than pure TiO2. The optimum operating conditions of HCHO degradation at initial concentration of 108.71.15 ppm over visible light irradiation for 30 min were 5 layers of 0.5% Ag-TiO2, 72 W fluorescent light and 300 ml/min of HCHO flow rate. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency of gaseous HCHO was 76.70±0.73%.

Recent progress on Ag/TiO2 photocatalysts: photocatalytic and bactericidal behaviors.

For many decades, titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor has been extensively applied in several environmental applications due to its higher photocatalytic performances toward different organic pollutants, pharmaceutical compounds, and bacteria. However, its shortfall response to visible light, and the expeditious recombination rate of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs, hampers its utilization. Doping TiO2 semiconductor with silver nanoparticles is a sound strategy to (1) extend its photocatalytic activity to visible light, (2) prevent the electron/holes pairs recombination due to the formation of the Schottky barrier at the interfaces with TiO2 that act as an electron-trapping center, and (3) enhance its bactericide performances. This review focuses on the recent progress on silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2)-based photocatalysts. It addresses a wide range of Ag/TiO2 synthesis techniques, their physicochemical properties and discusses thoroughly the important role of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in enhancing the removal capacity and antibacterial performances of the Ag/TiO2 photocatalysts.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/TiO2 Nanoparticles using Mirabilis jalapa Plant Extract

Green synthesized nanomaterials have been widely developed because of their less toxicity, low energy process, environmentally friendly, effective, cheap, and pollution-free. Green synthesis of silver doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2 NPs) was carried out using Mirabilis jalapa plant extract. The plant extract was used as a reducing agent. The functional groups, morphology, and crystalline structure of as-synthesized Ag/TiO2 NPs were investigated by FT-IR, FESEM, and XRD. Analysis by FESEM confirmed that the morphology of Ag/TiO2 NPs is spherical with an average size of ~ 400 nm. Crystallite size for the Ag/TiO2 NPs was calculated by the Scherrer formula dan the average size found to be in the range of 15.72 nm. The result of XRD analysis showing the fcc structure for metallic silver and TiO2 particles in the anatase and rutile phases.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/TiO2 Nanoparticles using Mirabilis jalapa Plant Extract

Green synthesized nanomaterials have been widely developed because of their less toxicity, low energy process, environmentally friendly, effective, cheap, and pollution-free. Green synthesis of silver doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2 NPs) was carried out using Mirabilis jalapa plant extract. The plant extract was used as a reducing agent. The functional groups, morphology, and crystalline structure of as-synthesized Ag/TiO2 NPs were investigated by FT-IR, FESEM, and XRD. Analysis by FESEM confirmed that the morphology of Ag/TiO2 NPs is spherical with an average size of ~ 400 nm. Crystallite size for the Ag/TiO2 NPs was calculated by the Scherrer formula dan the average size found to be in the range of 15.72 nm. The result of XRD analysis showing the fcc structure for metallic silver and TiO2 particles in the anatase and rutile phases.

Ag-TiO2/PDMS nanocomposite protective coatings: Synthesis, characterization, and use as a self-cleaning and antimicrobial agent

The protection of our artifacts becomes a necessity due to several decay phenomena induced by pollution, microorganism colonization, and water. This research study has been focused on elaborating photo-activated nanocomposites to protect outdoors heritage buildings. Hence, novel Ag-TiO2/PDMS hydrophobic nanocomposites (with low doping rates) thin films with enhanced photo-response activity have been developed to be used as self-cleaning durable protective coatings in the field of monument conservation. The protective coatings elaborated in this work are intended to have multifunctional properties (water repellent features, self-cleaning activity, antimicrobial agent). To reach our objective, silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2 NPs) at different doping amounts (0.1, 1, 3, and 5 mol%) were firstly synthesized by the sol-gel method. As-prepared NPs were characterized and their performance was evaluated comparatively to find out the appropriate low doping rates of the dopant by testing photo-degradation as well as photo-killing activities. The second part of this research is focused on elaborating Ag-TiO2/PDMS hydrophobic nanocomposites (selected low doping rates) as self-cleaning protective coatings. For this purpose, Ag-doped TiO2 NPs were dispersed in a polymeric binder (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) and applied to the very porous stone substrate, i.e., Lecce stone (LS). The suitability of the resulting nanocomposites (optimal Ag doped TiO2 NPs/ binder ratio; optimal doping amount) on the stone substrate was evaluated by performing different experimental analyses: chromatic measurements, contact angle measurements, water capillary absorption test, permeability to water vapour, pencil and Vickers hardness tests, optical microscope analyses, and scanning electron microscopic analyses combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), microbiological experiments, and self-cleaning test. Moreover, the durability of the nanocomposite coatings was also assessed after exposing to different ageing cycles. Results suggested that the samples doped with low concentrations (≤1 mol%) of silver (Ag-doped TiO2) together with PDMS can be considered as efficient and durable protective coatings for the highly porous bio-calcarenite stone. Such doping amount is considered very low compared to the other research works that have been performed in the same field.

Novel photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell based on ionic liquid\u2013doped blend polymer electrolyte

The existing energy situation demands not only the huge energy in a short time but also clean energy. In this regard, an integrated photo-supercapacitor device has been fabricated in which photoelectric conversion and energy storage are achieved simultaneously. A novel carbazole-based dye is synthesized and characterized for photosensitizer. The silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) is synthesized, and it is used as photoanode material. Different concentrations of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI)-doped polyvinyl alcohol–polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA-PVP) blend polymer electrolytes are prepared, and their conductivity and dielectric properties were studied. Reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) is synthesized by a one-pot synthesis method and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy for counter electrode material in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and supercapacitor electrodes. The DSSC having 4% Ag-TiO2–based photoanode showed the highest efficiency of 1.06% (among r-GO counter electrodes) and 2.37% (among platinum counter electrodes). The supercapacitor before integration and after integration exhibits specific capacitance of 1.72 Fg−1 and 1.327 Fg−1, respectively.Graphical

Construction of graphene based photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant and modeling using artificial intelligence techniques

In this study, graphene based photocatalysts containing different silver doped titanium dioxide nanosheets (Ag-TNs-RGO) were fabricated. The successful reduction of graphene oxide (as support) was confirmed by Raman analysis. Also, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis confirmed pure anatase phase of the obtained TiO2 nanosheets as well as Raman spectroscopy. The efficiency of Ag-TNs-RGO (0.038) for degradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic as an organic pollutant model under visible light and UV irradiation for 180 min was evaluated 48.57% and 77.84%, respectively. Artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used to describe the photocatalytic degradation process. Five degradation variables (catalyst dosage, initial concentration of TC, silver nitrate content, visible light irradiation time and ammonium persulfate (APS) concentration) were defined as the input variables of the models and the removal percentage of TC was the output. Sensitivity analysis was performed by weights method on the outputs of models.