Silver Diamine Fluoride Research Articles

YouTube as a source of information for parents about silver diamine fluoride.

To depict and evaluate the characteristics, engagement, content, and quality of YouTube videos containing information about silver diamine fluoride (SDF). A total of 200 YouTube™ videos were selected and screened, and the video characteristics and engagement indicators were recorded. They were then reviewed for consistency with current professional guidelines on this topic. Two independent reviewers scored the videos using a customized 8-point scoring and 5-point Global Quality Scale (GQS) to assess the content information and the overall quality of each video. These videos were further classified into good, moderate, and poor videos. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-squared, and Spearman's correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis. 110 videos met the inclusion criteria. The median total content score was 3 (IQR = 4) and the median GQS score was 2 (IQR = 2). Less than half (n = 49; 45.5%) of the videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals. The video content was classified as good (n = 26; 23.64%), moderate (n = 43; 39.09%), and poor (n = 41; 37.27%). Good-quality videos have a significantly higher information content score than the other groups (P = 0.001). A strong correlation was found between the total content score and GQS score (rho = 0.970, P = 0.001). Longer duration, higher interaction index, and recent upload are associated with higher content and quality scores. A considerable number of videos are available on YouTube about SDF treatment and are attracting public interest. The content and quality of these videos vary widely and are related to several factors.

Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults.

Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults.

Correction: An open‑label, parallel‑group, randomized clinical trial of different silver diamine fluoride application intervals to arrest dental caries

Correction: An open‑label, parallel‑group, randomized clinical trial of different silver diamine fluoride application intervals to arrest dental caries

Caries Incidence in School-Based Prevention Programs in the Presence of Interval Censoring

Background/Objectives: School-based caries prevention can increase access to critical dental services and reduce oral health inequities. However, little is known regarding the incidence of dental caries in children participating in school caries prevention, and caries diagnosis is often interval censored. Methods: In this paper, we used data from a longitudinal, school-based, randomized clinical trial of minimally invasive treatments for dental caries to estimate the per-visit incidence rate and compare the hazard of dental caries in children receiving either silver diamine fluoride or glass ionomer dental sealants. To account for interval censoring, we used semiparametric transformation models for univariate failure time data and imputed caries incidence using G-imputation. Results: There were 3040 children that met inclusion criteria for analysis, 1516 (49.9%) of which were randomly assigned to receive silver diamine fluoride and 1524 (50.1%) were assigned to receive glass ionomer dental sealants and atraumatic restorations. There were no differences in the hazard of caries between treatments (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.72, 1.24), while children with caries at baseline had a significant increase in the hazard of new caries (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.26, 2.83) compared to those that were caries free. The per-visit caries incidence ranged from 4.8 to 11.1 at the individual level and increased with each successive study observation. Conclusions: School-based caries prevention can positively affect caries incidence, and the results can be used to inform future program design and implementation.

Shear bond strength evaluation of bioactive restorative materials on pretreated carious dentin-influence on silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has gained popularity for its caries-arresting properties, yet its tendency to cause esthetic concerns due to black-staining limits its widespread acceptance. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of Activa BioActive and Giomer restorative material with different protocols of SDF pretreatment on carious dentin. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two extracted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, sectioned 1 mm into dentin, mounted in acrylic resin and randomly divided into four (n = 8) control and six (n = 10) experimental groups. Seventy-six samples underwent demineralization process for a period of 14 days for artificial carious dentin (ACD) formation. The samples categorized based on the dentin substrate (sound or ACD) were subjected to various SDF pretreatment protocols, i.e., only SDF, SDF with potassium iodide (KI), and SDF with glutathione (GSH). Further, bioactive restorative materials, i.e., Activa BioActive and Giomer (Beautifil II), were placed on it, and the samples were subjected to shear bond strength testing. Statistical Analysis: Independent t-test was run to analyze the values obtained. Results: Giomer exhibited better mean bond strength with SDF, SDF + KI, and SDF + GSH (6.56, 4.67, and 3.34 mega-pascals [MPa], respectively) compared to Activa BioActive (3.42, 3.27, and 2.96 MPa, respectively). Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding the interplay between SDF application protocols, esthetic concerns, and the adhesive properties of bioactive restorative materials. Giomer exhibited enhanced bond strength after SDF application, unlike Activa BioActive. In addition, incorporation of KI or GSH adversely affected the bond strength of both the restorative materials, underscoring the critical need for cautious clinical application. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate dentin pretreatment agents to maximize the bond strength of bioactive restorative materials with carious dentin. SDF application significantly enhanced the bond strength of Giomer with carious dentin compared to Activa BioActive, thus, making it a good choice for restoring nonesthetic areas. In addition, the application of KI or GSH to mitigate discoloration of carious dentin negatively affected the bond strength of both, Activa BioActive and Giomer. Thus, the clinicians should weigh the benefits of SDF against potential bond strength reductions when using KI or GSH, especially for esthetic restorations.

The anti-caries effects of copper tetraamine fluoride on enamel: An in vitro study

ObjectiveTo investigate the antibacterial, remineralising, and discolouring effects of copper tetraamine fluoride (CTF) on artificial enamel caries. MethodHuman enamel blocks with artificial caries were treated with CTF, silver diamine fluoride (SDF, positive control) and water (negative control) before being challenged with Streptococcus mutans. The morphology, viability, and growth kinetics of biofilm were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The lesion depths, mineral loss, micro-hardness, and crystal characteristics were assessed using micro-computed tomography, Knoop Hardness Tester, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The discolouring property was assessed by spectrophotometry. ResultsSEM showed that bacteria completely covered the enamel surface treated with water, but not the enamel surface treated with CTF and SDF. CLSM showed dead-to-live ratio of biofilm treated with CTF, SDF and water were 0.8 ± 0.1, 0.9 ± 0.2 and 0.5 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001, CTF, SDF>Water). Log10 CFU values of biofilm treated with CTF, SDF and water were 7.7 ± 0.2, 7.7 ± 0.1 and 8.1 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001, CTF, SDF<Water). Lesion-depths (μm) of the CTF, SDF and water groups were 93 ± 6, 92 ± 7 and 152 ± 29 (p < 0.001, CTF, SDF<Water). Mineral loss (gHApcm−3) of the CTF, SDF and water groups were 0.4 ± 0.1, 0.4 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001, CTF, SDF<Water). Knoop hardness of the CTF, SDF and water groups were 70 ± 23, 68 ± 16 and 21 ± 10 (p < 0.05, CTF, SDF>Water). XRD revealed well-crystallised hydroxyapatite in enamel treated with CTF and SDF, but not water. Spectrophotometry showed ΔE values of the CTF, SDF and water groups were 5 ± 3, 54 ± 6 and 6 ± 2 (p < 0.001, CTF, water<SDF). ConclusionCTF inhibited Streptococcus mutans biofilm and remineralised artificial enamel caries without discolouration. Clinical significanceIf CTF is successfully translated into clinical use, it can be a simple agent for clinicians to arrest enamel caries.

Dentinal Tubule Occlusion and Dentin Permeability Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride Solutions.

This invitro study compared the effect of two commercially available silver diamine fluoride (SDF) products on dentinal tubule (DT) occlusion and dentin permeability. Sixty-six dentin discs (1.0 mm thick) were divided equally into six groups: acid-etched with no treatment (negative control-NC), etched and sealed with nail varnish (positive control-PC), non-etched and treated with Advantage Arrest (AA), non-etched and treated with Topamine (TP), etched and treated with AA, and etched and treated with TP. Eight specimens from each group were tested for permeability using the dye percolation method. The remaining three samples from each group were assessed for dentinal tubule occlusion, depth of SDF penetration, and elemental analysis using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) system. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the results. TP exhibited lower (p < 0.05) dye percolation compared to AA. While both SDF materials showed a statistically similar (p > 0.05) penetration depth in the DT, none of them had the ability to completely occlude all the DTs. AA exhibited more silver and fluoride ion deposition on etched dentin than TP, and both materials showed a similar increase in the deposition of Ca and P compared to NC. Whereas the effectiveness of dentin tubule (DT) occlusion varies based on the material used, both tested SDF products exhibit the capability to seal dentinal tubules, decrease dentin permeability, and promote dentin remineralization. These findings suggest their potential advantage in managing dentin hypersensitivity.

Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Solutions on the Anti-Caries Properties, Surface Hardness, and Bond Strength of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Dentin

This study evaluated the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (PI) on carious dentin. The antibacterial efficacy, surface hardness, and bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) were assessed. Dentin specimens were prepared and subjected to artificial caries formation. The antibacterial effect of SDF/PI was compared to sodium fluoride varnish using Streptococcus mutans colony counts. Surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test. Shear bond strength of RMGI to treated surfaces was evaluated after thermocycling. Results showed that SDF/PI had superior antibacterial effects compared to NaF varnish. Surface hardness significantly increased one week after SDF/PI application. While SDF/PI treatment did not immediately affect RMGI bond strength to carious dentin, delayed bonding after one week significantly improved bond strength. These findings suggest that SDF/PI is effective in arresting caries and enhancing remineralization of carious dentin. The study also indicates that delaying restoration placement for one week after SDF/PI application may be beneficial for improving bond strength. This research provides valuable insights into the clinical application of SDF/PI for caries management and subsequent restorative procedures.

Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide on Microleakage of Composite Resin in Anterior Primary Teeth.

One of the preventive interventions for early childhood caries is the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), which works uniquely in the prevention of caries. The suggested method to minimize the discoloration of SDF is the use of potassium iodide (KI). However, there are concerns about the bonding properties of dentin after the application of SDF-KI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how SDF-KI affects composite resin microleakage in primary teeth. In this in vitro study, class V cavities were created on the buccal surfaces of 60 extracted primary canines. The samples were divided into three groups: Group I: 38% SDF solution was applied to the cavity; Group II: SDF-KI solution was applied to the cavity; and group III: the cavities were irrigated with distilled water. All cavities were filled with composite resin and subjected to a thermocycling regime (500 cycles). The dye penetration of samples was evaluated following a 24-h immersion in 1% methylene blue. Microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins was evaluated using a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between microleakage scores at the occlusal margin (p = 0.128). At the cervical margin, the SDF-KI group had significantly more microleakage than the SDF and control groups (p = 0.001). Applying the SDF-KI significantly increased microleakage in the cervical margin but had no significant effect on the occlusal margin. Regarding the beneficial effects of SDF in preventing and arresting dental caries, application of it before composite resin is suggested in controlling caries without the negative effects on microleakage. How to cite this article: Meraji A, Asadian F, Hekmatfar S. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide on Microleakage of Composite Resin in Anterior Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(7):691-695.

Effects of glutathione and potassium iodide on silver diamine fluoride application on remineralisation and colour change in dentine caries of primary teeth: an in vitro study.

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of GSH (reduced glutathione) and KI (potassium iodide) on SDF (silver diamine fluoride) discolouration and dentine remineralisation. Sixteen primary molars were utilised, yielding 4 dentine specimens each. Three specimens per tooth were allocated: one as a control and the others to experimental groups. Initial microhardness measurements were taken from one remaining dentine specimen per tooth. Subsequently, all groups underwent exposure to a demineralisation solution. Colorimetry assessed specimen colour, and post-second microhardness measurements on demineralised specimens, treatments were administered as follows: group 1 (control, n = 16): 38% SDF, group 2 (n = 16): 38% SDF followed by KI, group 3 (n = 16): 38% SDF with 5% GSH added by weight. Following pH cycling across all groups, colorimetry reassessed 48 dentine specimens. Final microhardness measurements ensued, followed by statistical analysis. Normality was checked via Shapiro-Wilk, and homogeneity via Levene's test. Independent samples t test compared normally distributed groups; Mann-Whitney U compared non-normally distributed groups. ANOVA compared means of normally distributed groups, and Kruskal-Wallis for non-normally distributed ones. Repeated measures ANOVA compared dependent groups with normal distribution, and Friedman test for non-normal. Post hoc Bonferroni analyses identified significant differences. IBM SPSS 25 was used to conduct analyses. The mean ΔE* values for SDF and SDF + GSH groups were significantly higher than those of the SDF + KI group (p < 0.05). Significant differences in L* values during final colour measurement were noted between the SDF + KI group and both SDF and SDF + GSH groups (p < 0.05). Although mean remineralisation microhardness measurements were higher than mean demineralisation microhardness measurements in all groups, statistical significance was observed only in the SDF and SDF + KI groups (p < 0.05). The study found that the addition of 5% GSH by weight to SDF does not significantly affect discolouration. Moreover, the addition of 5% GSH to the SDF solution may have a minor impact on the remineralisation potential of SDF. The application of KI after SDF reduces discolouration and does not affect the expected remineralisation process.

Parental acceptance of dental treatment with SDF in children with CP.

This study aims to evaluate parental acceptance of dental treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The present study is a case-control study with 80 children in the age range of 6-11 years. Group I consisted of children diagnosed with CP and Group II consisted of children without any Special Health Care Needs and systemic conditions. Preoperative and postoperative behavior assessment was done using Frankl's behavior Rating Scale. 38 % SDF application was done in any one primary molar with occlusal dentinal caries. A well-designed validated structured questionnaire with 10 questions was developed to assess the parental acceptance of dental treatment with SDF. The questionnaire comprised 10 close-ended questions with subdivisions on socio-demographic details, the reason for the previous and current dental visit, and acceptance of dental treatment with SDF. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26, IBM, Chicago, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation (M±SD). Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (n) and percentage (%). The chi-square test was used for qualitative analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. The number of children showing positive behavior on Frankl's behavior Rating Scale increased from 55% to 70% after dental treatment with SDF and this difference was statistically significant in Group I (p-value<0.001). 87.5% of parents in Group I had accepted the discoloration caused after dental treatment with SDF compared to 80% in Group II. In Group I, 95% of parents agreed strongly, while in Group II, 82.5% agreed strongly that SDF can be done on un-cooperative and special health care needs children. This difference in agreement seen between parents of Group I and Group II was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.02). Also, the acceptance of SDF was found to be higher in parents who were educationally more qualified in Group I. This difference in the acceptance level of SDF seen based on the educational status of parents was statistically significant (p-value<0.001). Parental acceptance of SDF for dental treatment was higher in Group I (children with CP) as a greater number of parents accepted dental treatment despite discoloration with the modality being noninvasive and less time-consuming. Improved behavior rating was observed among children in both groups after dental treatment with SDF.

The Potential of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Non-Operative Management of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Dental caries has seen an increase in untreated cases, leading to significant health and quality-of-life impacts, necessitating innovative approaches like the promising non-operative management with silver diamine fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of action of silver diamine fluoride on arresting dental caries in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, including both in vivo and in vitro studies published from 1 January 2017 to 16 October 2022. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool assessed bias in in vivo studies, while the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies evaluated the methodological quality of in vitro studies. Results: Nineteen publications met the inclusion criteria. Two studies indicated that silver diamine fluoride application significantly alters oral microflora, contributing to caries arrest. Additionally, two studies reported increased mineral density and mineral content in demineralised primary teeth, emphasising silver diamine fluoride’s role in promoting remineralisation. Three studies demonstrated significant improvements in surface microhardness, enhancing tooth resistance. However, no significant qualitative changes in bacterial species composition were noted. Modified silver diamine fluoride application techniques, including light curing or laser irradiation, enhanced efficacy, with light curing notably increasing surface microhardness. Based on a limited number of studies, no statistically significant differences in clinical effectiveness were observed with higher silver diamine fluoride concentrations or extended application durations. Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride effectively induces quantitative changes in oral microflora and enhances the microhardness and mineral density of enamel and dentine in primary teeth, with modified application methods showing potential for improved outcomes.

Effect of Surface Treatments on Shear-bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Simulated Carious Dentin.

This study investigated the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure modes of self-cured (SC) and light-cured (LC) high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (HVGICs) to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated simulated carious dentin (SCD). Extracted human premolars were sectioned and pH cycled for 10 days to simulate carious dentin. The demineralized specimens were treated with 38% SDF (Riva Star) for 2 minutes, washed, stored in deionized distilled water at 37°C for 2 weeks, and subjected to the following surface treatments (n=14): T1 - no treatment (control); T2 - 10 seconds polyacrylic acid (PAA); T3 - 5 seconds phosphoric acid (PPA); T4 - 5 seconds PPA plus universal adhesive (Zipbond); and T5 - 5 seconds PPA plus resin-modified GIC adhesive (Riva bond LC). SC (Riva Self-cure HV) and LC (Riva Light-cure HV) HVGICs were applied to the conditioned specimens and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 1 week. SBS and failure modes were subsequently determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis/post-hoc Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests (α=0.05). The highest SBS was observed when SC and LC were restored with T2 and T5, respectively. Significant differences in SBS were as follows: SC - T2, T1 > T5, T3; LC - T5, T4, T3 > T2. SC generally exhibited adhesive failures, while LC presented both adhesive and mixed failures. The preferred method for preparing SDF-treated carious dentin before restoration application is PAA for SC and PPA plus RMGIC adhesive for LC HVGICs.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of deep occlusal carious molars treated with partial caries removal with and without using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) + Potassium iodide (KI) prior to resin composite restoration: A randomized clinical trial

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of deep occlusal carious molars treated with partial caries removal with and without using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) + Potassium iodide (KI) prior to resin composite restoration: A randomized clinical trial

Preventing dentin erosion with silver diamine fluoride and salivary pellicle: an in vitro study

ObjectivesTo investigate the preventive and discoloring effects of a single and two weekly applications of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) against dentin erosion.Materials and methods180 dentin blocks were divided into four groups. Group 1 (SDF2) received two weekly applications of 38% SDF. Group 2 (SDF1) received a single application of 38% SDF. Group 3 (SNF) received a daily application of stannous chloride/amine fluoride/sodium fluoride (standard of care for dental erosion). Group 4 (DW) received a daily application of deionized water. The treated blocks were subjected to a 14-day erosive challenge. Crystal characteristics, elemental composition, surface morphology, percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and color change (ΔE) were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing, profilometry, and digital spectrophotometry, respectively.ResultsXRD and EDS showed dentin surfaces had silver compounds in SDF2 and SDF1, and stannous chloride in SNF. SEM revealed less dentin demineralization with tubular occlusion in SDF2, SDF1, and SNF, but severe demineralization in DW. The %SMHL of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 10.8 ± 2.1, 15.7 ± 2.1, 17.9 ± 2.1, and 28.7 ± 2.0 (SDF2 < SDF1 < SNF < DW, p < 0.05). Surface loss (µm) of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 5.0 ± 0.6, 6.0 ± 0.6, 6.0 ± 0.7, and 9.0 ± 0.5 (SDF2 < SDF1 = SNF < DW, p < 0.001). ΔE of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 26.0 ± 3.4, 12.1 ± 3.8, 6.9 ± 3.5, and 3.9 ± 3.6 (SDF2 > SDF1 > SNF = DW, p < 0.001).Conclusion38% SDF with two weekly applications provided better preventive effects against dentin erosion, but it might discolor dentin.Clinical relevanceThe increased 38% SDF application showed a better anti-erosive potential against dentin erosion. However, SDF caused black staining on the dentin.

"Evaluation of Silver Diamine Fluoride Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (SMART) on hypomineralized first permanent molar"- a randomized controlled clinical study.

Restoring first permanent molars affected with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is challenging. Focusing on improving the quality of life for children affected by MIH, at least until the complete eruption of first permanent molars to receive full coverage, to decrease the hypersensitivity and to be able to perform proper oral hygiene measures, the purpose of this study was to compare silver modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) versus the conventional restoration and fluoride varnish application on moderate to severe hypomineralized molars. The comparison considered the restoration survival, hypersensitivity, and digital surface area changes after one year follow up. Twenty-eight children were selected (20 girls and 8 boys) with at least 2 MIH molars with the same defect severity. The study comprised 2 groups; MOD group (moderate hypomineralized molar severity) and SEV group (Severe hypomineralized molar severity) (n = 28 tooth). Each group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups according to the technique of restoration: SMART subgroup and CONV subgroup (high viscosity glass ionomer restoration and fluoride varnish application) (each = 14 tooth). Evaluation was done in terms of the restoration survival (6 months and 12 months), hypersensitivity at 1 weak, 6 months and 12 months and occlusal surface area changes at 12 months). Professional Fluoride varnish application and home prophylaxis using MI paste were the protocol for each child patient. There was no significant difference between the 4 subgroups, regarding tooth restoration integrity at 6-months vs. 12-months. However, a statistically significant difference in tooth restoration integrity between the 4 subgroups at 12-months (P = .049). Also, the hypersensitivity score, there was a statistically significant difference between the 4-time intervals (P < .001) and a statistically significant difference in surface area changes between the 4 subgroups. Selective removal of carious tissue and SMART restoration, combined with dental home and professional preventive measures every 3 months maintained the integrity of restorations in severely and moderately affected permanent molars up to 1 year. The study protocol was retrospectively registered on Clinical Trials (NCT05931822-05/ 07/2023).

Silver Diamine Fluoride – the magic bullet! Is it really a magic alternative in caries management

The goal of modern dentistry is to treat cavitated or non-cavitated teeth through non-invasive remineralization to prevent further progression of caries and to improve the function of teeth. Many preventive interventions have been put forward as an alternative to conventional restorative procedures; silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one amongst them. SDF can arrest progression of carious lesion at a concentration of 12% and 38% preventing further caries growth. The aim of this paper is to consider whether SDF is really a magic alternative in caries management or not. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 993-998

"The effect of silver diamine fluoride on saliva"

"The effect of silver diamine fluoride on saliva"

Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Nanosilver Fluoride, And Sodium Fluoride on Dentin Surface Topography Under Erosive Challenge: In Vitro study.

Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Nanosilver Fluoride, And Sodium Fluoride on Dentin Surface Topography Under Erosive Challenge: In Vitro study.

Comparative Evaluation of Desensitizing and Remineralizing Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and CPP-ACP on Demineralized Dentin Surface: An in vitro Study

Comparative Evaluation of Desensitizing and Remineralizing Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and CPP-ACP on Demineralized Dentin Surface: An in vitro Study