Silver Bridge Research Articles

Corrosion studies of various salt solutions on metals and alloys

Corrosion studies of various salt solutions on metals and alloys

Building Silver Bridges: Paranormal Apparitions, Settler Heritage, and Indigenous Erasure in the Ohio River Valley

"Paranormal heritage" is contested and should be understood as bridging conceptual divides within dark heritage studies and settler colonial studies. Through historic/fictitious narratives, regional legends, and fortean research this article examines paranormal heritage in the Ohio River Valley, connected to the cryptozoological figure of Mothman, as a continued weaving of settler heritage. Using decolonial and Indigenous theory, it argues that through weaving certain paranormal heritages Indigenous stories and landscapes are usurped, and Indigenous Peoples and Title are erased to ‘indigenize’ settler populations. Paranormal settler heritages require attention for their role in the logic of elimination and settler moves to innocence.

Mothman, the Silver Bridge Collapse, and the Folklorization and Commemoration of Actual Events

By examining the songs, media, and material culture associated with the legendarymonster Mothman, this paper shows how folklore can become commodified and whatissues may arise as a result. By using Paredes’ theory of “folklorization” and McDowell’sconcept of “commemoration,” legend scholars can track historical developments acrossspace and time to understand the metamorphoses a legend undergoes and why. Ultimately,this paper uses the term “narrative hijacking” to describe the process in which ahistorical event such as the Silver Bridge collapse of 1967 is overshadowed by its associationwith a legend, which in this case, is the story of the Mothman.

Pengembangan Desa Surau Sebagai Desa Wisata Berkelanjutan

Indonesia has 74,093 villages and as many as 1,073 villages have the potential to be developed into tourist villages. Surau Village, Bengkulu Province, is one of the villages that has the potential to be developed into a tourist village. The results of mapping the natural potential that can be developed into leading tourist destinations have been carried out and it is agreed that there are six locations that can be developed into tourist destinations, namely Blue Lake, Silver Bridge, White Napal Hill, Geothermal Springs, Waterfalls, Lubuk Vi. Pioneering efforts towards a tourist village have been carried out by the local village government since 2020, but its development has encountered various challenges. Results of PKM activities: implementation of social preparations and agreements on the development of Surau Village as a tourist village, the implementation of grants for physical facilities/facilities that support the attraction of tourism objects, the implementation of mutual cooperation in the construction of physical facilities/facilities in the Rindu Hati River border area and Lubuk Vi, and an increase in the performance and capability of the management and organization of Pokdarwis Widesu. Further assistance is needed from academics as one of the tourisms pentahelix, the media that play a role in forming positive public opinion and information dissemination, and the community that plays a role in realizing Sapta Pesona.

Light assisted synthesis of poly-para-phenylene on Ag(001)

A detailed study of poly-para-phenylene (PPP) obtained by light-assisted on-surface-synthesis (OSS) on Ag(100) was carried out by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy together with density functional theory calculations. The use of light in combination with heat allows to lower by 50 K annealing temperature the each stage of the Ullmann coupling. Debromination of the 4,4″ dibromo-p-terphenyl precursors was thus realized at 300 K, the formation of the first oligomers from the organometallic intermediate by silver bridging atom release at 423 K and PPP by complete elimination of the silver at 473 K. This approach to lower the reaction temperature permits to enhance the Ag(100) surface reactivity to become comparable to that of Cu(111). The underlying mechanism of light effect was proposed to occur via surface mediated excitation, with the creation of photoexcited electrons known as hot electrons correlated with surface plasmon excitation. This original pathway combining both light and heat provides an additional parameter to control OSS by separating the precursor activation stage from the diffusion.

Promoting healing progress in polymer composites based on Diels‐Alder reaction by constructing silver bridges

Polymer composites with self‐healing ability are highly desired for applications in advanced modern devices. Here, we report on self‐healing polymer composites consisting of silver deposited‐carbon nanotubes hybrid nanoparticles (CNT‐Ag) as fillers and self‐healable polyurethane (DAPU) as a matrix based on thermally reversible Diels‐Alder reaction. The results indicated that as the hybrid filler loading is 1 wt%, the composites not only obtained a high‐strength (~15.97 MPa) and high healing efficiency (~90.1%) by increasing filler loading after healing, but also enhance thermal conductivity (~1.65 Wm−1 K−1) and obviously shorten its healing progress in comparison with other composites in the case of the same healing time. Given that Ag_NPs deposited on the surfaces of the CNTs act as bridges to link the adjacent CNTs and reduce interfacial thermal resistance, which can effectively explain the reasons for the obtained high mechanical strength and healing efficiency and promoting healing progress in the polymer composites. This work may offer a novel strategy for balancing relation between mechanical property, healing ability and healing progress in the field of self‐healing materials application.

A New General Paradigm for Understanding and Preventing Li Metal Penetration through Solid Electrolytes

Summary The use of lithium (Li) or sodium (Na) metal anodes together with highly ion-conductive solid electrolytes (SEs) could provide batteries with a step improvement in volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. Unfortunately, these SEs face significant technical challenges, in large part because Li and Na dendrites can penetrate through SEs, leading to short circuits. The ability of such a soft material (Li or Na metal) to penetrate through ceramic is surprising from the point of view of models widely used in the Li-battery field. We introduce a concept, new to the battery field, for preventing penetration of lithium dendrites through SEs by putting the SE surfaces into a state of residual compressive stress. For a sufficiently high compressive stress, cracks have difficulty forming, and cracks that do form are forced to close, inhibiting dendrite penetration. This approach is widely used to solve commercially important stress corrosion cracking problems in metals and static fatigue problems in ceramics and glasses (e.g., Gorilla Glass). However, the technique will not be useful for SEs if the Li-ion transport rate through a SE is substantially reduced when the SE is under compression. Our molecular dynamics calculations for Li-ion transport through a common SE demonstrate that the introduction of even very high residual compressive stresses (∼10 GPa) has only a modest effect on Li-ion transport kinetics, suggesting that this approach is viable and capable of providing a new paradigm for developing high-performance and mechanically stable SEs.

Systematic Study on Sensing Capability of Gold(I) Pyrazolate Complex for Vapochromic Chemosensors of Ethanol Vapors

Modified gold complexes as dinuclear adducts with silver bridge ions, clusters with other metal ions, and bimetallic sandwiches have shown better sensing capabilities for vapochromic chemosensing of organic vapors than its unmodified structure. Herein, a simple gold(I) complex, synthesized from 4-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole ligand, have been shown to have higher sensing capability toward ethanol (EtOH) vapors. Such sensing capability can be possibly achieved when EtOH vapors have enough time to diffuse to the main sensing sites of the sensor. Thus, 80 to 160 µL (with 20 µL increment) of EtOH vapors were exposed to the synthesized gold(I) pyrazolate complex at varied distances of 2.75, 11 and 22 cm for 15 minutes. The complex displayed its sensing capability by quenching at its emission intensity of 600 nm up to 80%, which suggests the possible interaction of the EtOH vapors with the inner sensing site originated from the Au(I)–Au(I) interaction of the complex where it is possible to breakdown the light-emitting capability. Prior to this interaction, there was only a slight blue-shifting of 9 nm away from its emission intensity by the binding of EtOH vapors to the methoxy of benzene ring hence only demonstrating weak sensing capability. These results indicated that sensing capability as shown by the quenching phenomenon at the emission intensity of gold(I) complex is dependent on diffusion time of EtOH vapors.

Plasmonic Oligomers with Tunable Conductive Nanojunctions.

Engineering plasmonic hot spots is essential for applications of plasmonic nanoparticles. A particularly appealing route is to weld plasmonic nanoparticles together to form more complex structures sustaining plasmons with symmetries targeted to given applications. However, control of the welding and subsequent hot spot characteristics is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate an original method that connects gold particles to their neighbors by another metal of choice. We first assemble gold bipyramids in a tip-to-tip configuration, yielding short chains of variable length, and grow metallic junctions in a second step. We follow the chain formation and the deposition of the second metal (i.e., silver or palladium) via UV/vis spectroscopy, and we map the plasmonic properties using electron energy loss spectroscopy. The formation of silver bridges leads to a huge red shift of the longitudinal plasmon modes into the mid-infrared region, while the addition of palladium results in a red shift accompanied by significant plasmon damping.

From Disaster to Prevention: The Silver Bridge

The 1967 collapse of the Silver Bridge, which connected West Virginia to Ohio, killed 46 people and led to the creation of a nationwide, standardized bridge inspection program.

Bipolar Electrode Based Multicolor Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor.

We report a multicolor ECL device based on closed bipolar electrode (BPE) for the visualized sensing of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in human blood serum. As the emission color of concomitant electrochemiluminophores is potential resolved, similar to a three-electrode system, selective excitation of ECL could be achieved by tuning the interfacial potential at the poles of BPE. Via modulating the resistance of BPE, multicolor ECL emission of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and [Ir(ppy)3] mixture using tripropylamine (TPrA) as the co-reactant was observed at the anode and the principle was elaborated. The concept was utilized to the quantification of clinical biomarkers with the color variation. A PSA concentration dependent silver bridge was constructed in the gap of the BPEs as an electric conductivity modulator. On the basis of a multicolor BPE-ECL device, the cutoff values (4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL) of human PSA could be recognized with naked eyes by the green-yellow-red ECL emission changing. As the first multicolor ECL device in biological analysis, BPE may raise the application of potential-resolved ECL to a new level.

FAILURE LITERACY IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

The history of the development of practice in many engineering disciplines is, in large part, the story of failures, both imminent and actual, and of the changes to designs, standards and procedures made as the result of timely interventions or forensic analyses. All engineers, and more particularly structural engineers, should be failure literate. Failure literacy means knowing about the critical historical failure cases that have shaped the profession, not merely the surface technical details, but the environment, the communications difficulties and the procedural issues. In the U.S., an intensive effort has been under way for nearly a decade to promote failure literacy in engineering education and practice. A number of educational resources have been developed by the Education Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers Forensic Engineering Division (ASCE FED) to make it easier for engineering students and practicing engineers to learn from failures. Some landmark failures include the Tacoma Narrows bridge collapse, 1940, the Point Pleasant/ Silver Bridge collapse, 1967, the Ronan Point building collapse, 1968 (U.K.), the 2000 Commonwealth avenue building collapse, 1971, the Bailey’s Crossroads building collapse, 1973, the Hartford Civic Center building collapse, 1978, and others. This list, unfortunately, is a living document that will expand as more failures occur. Thorough forensic investigations are vital to capture the lessons from the unfortunate occurrences.

Interfacial properties and morphological evolution of liquid Ag film on the modified graphene

The interfacial wettability and morphological evolution of liquid on a solid substrate, as natural phenomena, have received great attention in recent years. Although much work has been done to study this process, existing studies mainly focus on the wetting properties of water. Therefore, in this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulation method to study the interfacial phenomena of the nanoscale liquid silver on graphene, whose surface has been modified. By making different comparisons, such as Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential parameters, the surface structures of substrates, the thickness values of films and the shapes of films, the influences of these variables on wetting properties of liquid silver on graphene are studied. The results show that the dewetting of liquid silver occurs on graphene, implying that the wettability of liquid silver is weak, and that the potential parameters, the surface structure of substrates, the thickness of film and the shape of film have great influences on the wettability and morphology evolution of film: the change of these factors can affect the dewetting properties of liquid silver, which is evident by the detachment time and detachment speed. With the increase of LJ potential parameters, the detachment time is larger while the contraction speed and the detachment speed are smaller. Compared with the detachment times on different carbon-based substrates, the detachment time is small on the pillared graphene, followed by the vertical carbon nanotube, and the detachment time is large on the graphene. With increasing the thickness of the film, the detachment time becomes larger. The detachment time of the circle film is smaller than those of the regular hexagon film and square film, manifesting that the films with smooth boundary are beneficial to separating from the substrate. Moreover, by setting a system of two liquid films, we study the formation of silver bridge of two films and the fracture or fusion of the bridge. When two liquid films initially contact each other, the liquid bridge forms. However, the growth behaviors of liquid bridges are different from each other, some liquid bridges become slim and finally fractures, other liquid bridges do not fracture and help two droplets form one bigger drop. These different behaviors mainly depend on the size of film. This study is very valuable for well understanding the superhydrophobic surfaces and the morphological evolutions of Ag films on the graphene. Furthermore, these findings can provide an effective method to control the dewetting behavior of liquid Ag and the fracture or fusion of the two liquid drops by tuning the size of the films.

The “Cessation Attempt” as a “Silver Bridge” in Article 26 of the Korean Penal Code

The “Cessation Attempt” as a “Silver Bridge” in Article 26 of the Korean Penal Code

Point Pleasant, West Virginia: Making a Tourism Landscape in an Appalachian Town

Este artículo se centra en la ciudad de Point Pleasant, West Virginia, ubicada en la confluencia de los ríos Ohio y Kanawha en el valle de Ohio. Examina los procesos que intervienen en el desarrollo y coordinación de varios tipos de turismo. Además de promover el turismo de patrimonio, Point Pleasant se promociona como el lugar de los presuntos avistamientos del Mothman, una criatura monstruosa representada en una película protagonizada por Richard Gere. Point Pleasant también ganó la atención nacional en 1967 cuando el puente de plata/Silver Bridge se cayó/se derrumbó/se colapsó/se desplomó al río Ohio resultando en más de 40 muertes. Este proyecto proporciona un análisis de las formas en que las narrativas del turismo de patrimonio y paranormal se entrelazan con las narrativas y los marcadores de la catástrofe del puente. A través de entrevistas con los líderes locales y un análisis del paisaje turístico de Point Pleasant, este artículo ilumina las estrategias empleadas por los líderes locales para mejorar la economía local y moldear activamente la representación de la ciudad a sus visitantes.

Robust silver-mediated imidazolo-dC base pairs in metal DNA: dinuclear silver bridges with exceptional stability in double helices with parallel and antiparallel strand orientation.

A new unprecedented metal-mediated base pair was designed that stabilizes reverse Watson-Crick DNA (parallel strand orientation, ps) as well as canonical Watson-Crick DNA (antiparallel strand orientation, aps). This base pair contains two imidazolo-dC units decorated with furan residues. Tm measurements and spectroscopic studies reveal that each silver-mediated furano-imidazolo-dC forms exceptionally stable duplexes with ps and aps chain orientation. This stability increase by a silver-mediated base pair is the highest reported so far for ps and aps DNA helices.

Silver complexes with sulfathiazole and sulfamethoxazole: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, crystal structure and antibacterial assays

The present work describes the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of two silver(I) complexes with the sulfonamides sulfathiazole (AgC9H8N3O2S2, Ag-SFT) and sulfamethoxazole (AgC10H10N3O3S, Ag-SFM). Elemental analyses indicate a 1:1 metal/ligand composition for both complexes. Spectroscopic techniques such as 1H, 15N NMR and IR evidence the coordination of both ligands to silver through the nitrogen atom of the sulfonamide group, and also indicate the participation of the 5-membered N-heterocyclic ring in the coordination. The Ag-SFT crystal structure was solved by X-ray powder diffraction and indicates the formation of a dimeric structure with silver bridging between two ligand molecules. Biological studies showed the antibacterial activity of Ag-SFT and Ag-SFM complexes against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 3.45 to 6.90mmolL−1 for the sulfathiazole complex and 1.74 to 13.9mmolL−1 for the sulfamethoxazole complex. The complexes have shown to be more active against Gram-negative bacterial strains.

Mechanism of Migration of Sintered Nanosilver at High Temperatures in Dry Air for Electronic Packaging

Low-temperature joining of semiconductor chips by sintering of silver paste is emerging as an alternative lead-free solution for die-attaching power electronic device, particularly for high-temperature applications. However, migration of sintered nanosilver should be fully understood for reliability evaluation. In this paper, we reported our findings and possible mechanism on high-temperature migration of sintered nanosilver on alumina substrate. Oxygen plays an important role in the migration of sintered nanosilver at high temperatures. The migrating silver bridges were presented as discrete silver particles on the surface of alumina substrate. The discrete silver particles preferentially emerged at the boundaries of the alumina particles at the initial stage. The mechanism would be useful to alleviate the migration of sintered nanosilver at high temperatures.

Influence of Atmosphere on Photo-Assisted Atomic Switch Operations

We conducted light irradiation experiments in air to clarify influence of atmosphere on the operation of a photo-assisted atomic switch. In air, Pt-Ag2S/Ag nanogap electrodes with a PTCDI thin layer in their nanogaps showed current fluctuations with an applied bias of from 1.5 V to 6 V regardless of the bias polarity and with or without light irradiation. This is in contrast to the fact that only two things cause an increase in current that result in the formation of a silver bridge and switching behavior under vacuum, namely, light irradiation and the application of positive bias to the Ag2S/Ag electrode [. In addition, photocurrent caused by irradiating a PTCDI thin layer was found to be sensitive to air and to N2. These results indicate that moisture or other gas molecules in air and in N2 have an influence on the photo-assisted atomic switching behavior.

A silver complex with ibuprofen: Synthesis, solid state characterization, DFT calculations and antibacterial assays

The present work describes the synthesis of a silver(I) complex with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ibuprofen, Ag-ibu. Elemental and thermal analyses indicate a 1:1 metal/ligand composition. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that Ag-ibu decomposition starts at 180°C, and ends at 400°C (mass loss 64.6%; calcd. 65.5%). UV/Vis kinetic measurements suggest the decomposition of Ag-ibu in dimethyl sulfoxide, with the appearance of a broad band in the spectrum of the complex in the range 300–500nm. Infrared and solid state 13C NMR spectra show the coordination of ibuprofen to silver through the carboxylate group. The DFT calculations led us to propose a dimeric silver bridging structure for the complex. Biological studies show the antibacterial activity of the Ag-ibu complex against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 12.5μgmL−1.