Silicon-based Microring Resonator Research Articles

Research on Characteristics of Broadband Acoustic Sensor Based on Silicon-Based Grooved Microring Resonator

In order to meet the requirements of having a small structure, a wide frequency band, and high sensitivity for acoustic signal measurement, an acoustic sensor based on a silicon-based grooved microring resonator is proposed. In this paper, the effective refractive index method and the finite element method are used to analyze the optical characteristics of a grooved microring resonator, and the size of the sensor is optimized. The theoretical analysis results show that, when the bending radius reaches 10 μm, the theoretical quality factor is about 106, the sensitivity is 3.14 mV/Pa, and the 3 dB bandwidth is 430 MHz, which is three orders of magnitude larger based on the sensitivity of the silicon-based cascaded resonator acoustic sensor. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity and can be used in hydrophones. The small size of the sensor also shows its potential application in the field of array integration.

Morphing Supermodes: A Full Characterization for Enabling Multimode Quantum Optics.

In this Letter, we present a universal approach enabling the full characterization of the quantum properties of a multimode optical system in terms of squeezing and morphing supermodes. These are modes undergoing a continuous evolution that allow uncoupling the system dynamics in terms of statistically independent physical observables. This dynamical feature, never considered so far, enables the description and investigation of an extremely broad variety of key resources for experimental quantum optics, ranging from optical parametric oscillators to silicon-based microring resonators, as well as optomechanical systems.

Positive edge-triggered JK flip-flop using silicon-based micro-ring resonator

This paper details the novel design, simulation and analysis of the digital photonic positive edge-triggered JK flip-flop using silicon micro-ring resonator as its core component. The designed silicon micro-ring resonator uses free carrier plasma dispersion electro-optic effect properties in its ring waveguide being structured as a PIN diode. There are altogether four silicon micro-ring resonators used in our proposed design, with each ring operates as specific logic mode operation. Time varying simulation have also been carried out, where two predetermined inputs for both J and K inputs, with a clock signal for CLK input, was injected into the circuit with the data rate of 1 Gbps. Its output is observed via multi-channel oscilloscope, where results are obtained with the simulation data sampling rate of 1.6 THz.

Phosphorene-assisted silicon photonic modulator with fast response time

Abstract All-optical modulators avoid the conversion from external electronic signals to optical signals and thus have the potential to achieve an energy-efficient high-speed photonic system. Phosphorene recently debuted as an attractive material that exhibits outstanding high electron mobility, strong light-matter interaction and modifiable bandgap, making it ideal for all-optical modulators. In this paper, by incorporating a phosphorene and silicon-based micro-ring resonator (MRR), we first propose and experimentally demonstrate a unique phosphorene-integrated all-optical modulator in telecommunications. By utilizing a phosphorene thin film with an average thickness of 22 nm as the absorption material, the rise time of only 479 ns and decay time of 113 ns are achieved, which is the fastest reported response time in the family of phosphorene modulators. The corresponding 3 dB bandwidth is larger than 2.5 MHz, and it exhibits a low-loss performance benefited from its finite bandgap. The proposed phosphorene/MRR hybrid modulator may have potential in the applications of all-optical interconnections.

Digital electro-optic exclusive OR and NOR gates utilizing a single micro-ring resonator

In this paper, we present the concept design and implementation of a single silicon-based micro-ring resonator in order for it to operate as exclusive OR and NOR mode. The micro-ring resonator utilizes carrier-injection based electro-optic modulation scheme, with modulation voltage ranging from 0 V up to 1.4 V. A single micro-ring resonator is used to simultaneously generate both XOR and XNOR digital output mode operation at the drop as well as through port respectively. The modulation voltage required for the proposed design together with its operation wavelength is found by resonance spectra analysis on the ring. Time domain simulations where two electrical information bit streams of 10 Gbps data rate injected into the circuit design have been carried out to display its working operation.

Design of cyclic code to BCD code conversion and its performance analysis in Z-domain using optical microring resonator

Conversion from cyclic code (2421, 84-2-1 and excess-3) to 8421 code is developed using silicon-based optical microring resonators. All the analysis for code conversion is done in Z-domain. The Z-domain analysis involves a delay line signal method. Mason’s rule has been used for deriving the transfer function of the switching model. A mathematical model for each bit has been developed using Mason’s rule. Many important properties, such as fineness, contrast ratio, extinction ratio, and amplitude modulation, are determined from the MATLAB analysis.

Broadband athermal waveguides and resonators for datacom and telecom applications

The high-temperature sensitivity of the silicon material index limits the applications of silicon-based micro-ring resonators in integrated photonics. To realize a low but broadband temperature-dependent-wavelength-shift microring resonator, designing a broadband athermal waveguide becomes a significant task. In this work, we propose a broadband athermal waveguide that shows a low effective thermo-optical coefficient of ±1×10−6/K from 1400 to 1700 nm. The proposed waveguide shows a low-loss performance and stable broadband athermal property when it is applied to ring resonators, and the bending loss of ring resonators with a radius of >30 μm is 0.02 dB/cm.

High sensitive temperature sensor silicon-based microring resonator using the broadband input spectrum

Abstract A sensitivity enhanced optical temperature sensor has been investigated and developed based on a silicon oxynitride (SiON) waveguide microring resonator (MRR). The broadband supercontinuum (SC) output from a fiber laser cavity is injected into the input port of the MRR, where the output was detected at the drop port of MRR. The results can be useful for the sensor-based waveguide devices, where the applications such as the temperature sensors can be realized. The temperature sensor has been fabricated in an MRR-silicon base structure. Experimental characterization of inserting the SC as input source into the MRR as the temperature sensors were carried out. The advantage of using the SC as input source is that the sensor covers a wide range of wavelengths, thus sensing the temperature changes in the wide wavelength ranges which can extend the sensing device applications. This study opens a way to apply optical sensors by using broadband SC as a source for manufacturing temperature environments sensors within the MRR waveguide structures. This will enhance the ability of the current temperature sensors to function at different and long wavelength band.

Silicon-based microring resonators for multi-solitons generation for THz communication

Silicon-based microring resonator (SMRR) is required to select the specific channels in a wavelength division multiplexing systems. SMRRs also have applications in optical filters, data storages and bio-sensors, due to their significant advantages such as versatile wavelength-selective elements, compact size, fast operation and compatibility with current optical infrastructure, as well as being able to divert groups of inputs light and synthesize a wide class of filter functions. Here, we proposed a system for multiple mode-locked soliton generation, where the photonic circuits simulator PICWave software made by photon design based on the time-domain travelling wave method is used for modeling passive and active photonic circuits. A mode-locked spectrum possessing a spacing of 30 ps and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10 ps was generated and input into the ring system. The subsequent multiple mode-locked soliton pulses had a free spectral range of 25 GHz and FWHM of 630 MHz, which corresponded to 0.2 nm and 5 pm respectively, with a 40 ps pulse duration and 200 GHz repetition. The obtained finesse was approximately 39.7, and the Q-factor was approximately 3 × 105.

Study of energy transfer in silicon-based micro-ring resonators

Physical model, time-domain model, transmission spectra and energy transfer diagram of silicon-based micro-ring resonators based on the parallel waveguide structure are analyzed in this paper, in which transmission spectrum is obtained by Matlab, and the energy transfer process is analyzed by Rsoft. According to the analyses of the models and results, the energy transfer process in this type of resonator is clear to a great extent. The experimental results show that when the input signal is stable, the energy of the micro-ring resonator and the drop port tends to be steady after the input optical signal is coupled in the coupling region, which proves that the silicon-based micro-ring resonators can select specific optical signal if the input optical signal satisfies the resonance condition. However, if the resonance condition is not met, filtering function, optical switch function and signal selection function can be realized. Therefore, the analysis and simulation of energy transfer in silicon-based micro-ring resonators can not only enrich the silicon micro-ring resonator theory, but also provide new theoretical basis and method for the design and optimization of existing optoelectronic devices.

A 110 GHz passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear silicon-micro-ring-resonator

Mode-locked fiber lasers have many important applications in science and engineering. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time a 110 GHz high repetition rate mode-locked fiber laser using a silicon-based micro-ring resonator (SMRR) to act as an intra-cavity optical comb filter, as well as an optical nonlinear element. No electrical bias for the SMRR is required to reduce free carrier absorption. The SMRR has a free spectral range of 0.88 nm, enforcing laser mode-locking at the 110 GHz high rate. The optical nonlinearity of the SMRR also supports the dissipative four-wave mixing effect for generating the mode-locked optical pulse trains. The mode-locked pulse-width, optical 3 dB spectral bandwidth and the time–bandwidth product (TBP) are experimentally measured under different pump currents to the erbium-doped fiber-amplifier module inside the laser cavity. The relative intensity noise and the line-width of the proposed laser are also evaluated. Furthermore, a long-term monitoring is performed. The experimental results show that the optical pulse train generated by the SMRR-based mode-locked fiber laser has a 2.6 ps pulse-width (pump current at 400 mA) at a 110 GHz high repetition rate, narrow line-width (1 kHz), high stability (under observation of an hour), and nearly Gaussian transform-limited (TBP is 0.455).

基于硅基微环的光双二进制

A silicon-based microring modulator and a narrow-band optical Gaussian filter were employed to generate optical duobinary at 10Gbit/s.Performance of the optical duobinary signal was analyzed in terms of laser linewidth,laser operating wavelength,fiber length,and filter bandwidth using Optisystem and Matlab.Simulation results show the optical duobinary signal is sensitive to laser linewidth and wavelength.At the BER of 10-9,the maximum transmission distance of the optical duobinary format can be up to 60km with the optimal Gaussian filter bandwidth of 8GHz.

Label-free, PCR-free chip-based detection of telomerase activity in bladder cancer cells

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in Worldwide. The determination of urinary telomerase activity is a promising tool for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma owing to the high rate of expression of telomerase in cancer cells. Typical assay for telomerase activity is the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. However, TRAP assay is susceptible to PCR-derived artifacts and requires time-consuming procedure, expensive equipments and reagents. To develop a new method for telomerase activity assay that is fast, simple, and cost-effective, we have examined a silicon-based microring resonator biosensor to detect label-free, PCR-free telomerase activity using telomerase extracted from two bladder cancer cell lines, J-82 and HT-1376, in a buffer solution and spiked urine. With telomerase primer immobilized microring resonator sensor system, we successfully demonstrate the detection of telomerse extracted from as little as 10cells/μL and 100cells/μL in buffer and urine, respectively. Especially, the results represented here is the first demonstration of the detection of telomerase activity in human urine on the chip-based system. From the results, we expect that the silicon photonic microring resonator system can provide a powerful tool for cost-effective and sensitive telomerase activity detection in urinary bladder cancer.

Effect of Doping Position on the Active Silicon-on-Insulator Micro-Ring Resonator Based on Free Carrier Injection

Problem statement: Metal interconnects have become significant limitation on the scaling of CMOS technologies in electronics integrated circuit. Silicon photonics has offers great potential to overcome this critical bottleneck due to the advantages of optical interconnects. Silicon-based optical micro-ring resonator is promising basic element of future electronic-photonic integrated circuits because of its wide applications on photonic devices such as modulator, switch and sensor. Approach: This study highlights the study of the free carrier injection effect on the active SOI micro-ring resonator. The effect of the free carrier injection on micro-ring resonator is evaluated by varying the p+ and n+ doping position. Device performances are predicted using numerical modeling software 2D SILVACO as well as Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation software, RSOFT. Results: The results show that the refractive index change increases as the p+ and n+ doping position become closer to the rib waveguide. A shift in resonant wavelength of around 2 and 3 nm was is predicted at 0.9V drive forward voltage for 0.5 and 1.0 ?m gap distance between p+ and n+ doping regions and the sidewall of the rib waveguide. It is also shown that 10 and 9.2 dB maximum change of the output response obtained through the output of the transmission spectrum of the device with gap 0.5 and 1.0 ?m. Conclusion: The closer distance between p+ and n+ doping regions and the rib waveguide has optimal shift of resonance wavelength and better extinction ratio of transmission spectrum.

TUNABLE ASYMMETRIC FANO LINESHAPES IN SILICON-BASED MICRORING RESONATORS WITH FEEDBACK

We theoretically examine the Fano lineshapes of silicon-based compound microring resonators consisting of a single resonator channel dropping filter linked to a loop as a feedback structure. All possible optical effects for the continuous-wave operating regime, such as linear absorption or scattering, two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption and dispersion, thermo-optics, are simultaneously considered. We show that sharp Fano resonances can be tuned by variation in the coupling coefficients, length of feedback loop, effective free carrier lifetime and the temperature inside the device. Tunable Fano lineshapes open up opportunities for applications in sensing, computing, and communications.

On-Chip All-Optical Passive 3.55 Gbit/s NRZ-to-PRZ Format Conversion Using a High-Q Silicon-Based Microring Resonator

We report the experimental result of all-optical passive 3.55 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to pseudo-return-to-zero (PRZ) format conversion using a high-quality-factor (Q-factor) silicon-based microring resonator notch filter on chip. The silicon-based microring resonator has 23800 Q-factor and 22 dB extinction ratio (ER), and the PRZ signals has about 108ps width and 4.98 dB ER.

一种基于Spice的硅基微环光学谐振器模型及其在光学滤波器中的应用

一种基于Spice的硅基微环光学谐振器模型及其在光学滤波器中的应用

Silicon-Based Microring Resonator Modulators for Intensity Modulation

We numerically analyze the characteristics of silicon-based microring modulators consisting of a single-ring resonator. Performance of the devices as digital intensity modulators is examined in terms of extinction ratio, pulsewidth, frequency chirp, spectral broadening, and signal quality. Three types of the modulators built in single-waveguide under-/overcoupling and dual-waveguide configurations are discussed. We show that cavity dynamics significantly affect the modulation properties. Data transmission performance over single-mode fibers is also presented. A silicon microring modulator with negative chirp could achieve 0.8 dB power penalty in 80-km fiber transmission without dispersion compensation.

Optical Differential-Phase-Shift-Keying Demodulation Using a Silicon Microring Resonator

We have for the first time experimentally demonstrated an ultrasmall, low power penalty, and robust 10 - Gb/s differential-phase-shift-keying demodulator using a silicon-based microring resonator. The microring resonator is compatible with a wide range of signal bit rates. In optical transmission measurements with 11.6-km nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber, the microring resonator demodulator had comparative power penalty compared with a Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer both in single ended detection. Error-free detection was achieved.