Silica Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery Research Articles

Exploring the potential of nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy: A review

In this review, we discuss the use of organic nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery in chemotherapy for cancer therapy. Another strategy is the use of nanoparticle vehicles for drug delivery through the natural openings on tumor vessels called fenestrations. Both of these can be functionalized to attach angiotensin to lymphocytes or any certain part of the cancer cell membrane, microenvironment, or cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor sites, and therefore a high concentration of drug delivery to targeted cancer cells is achieved, but with less or no toxicity to normal tissue. The potential advantages evident in this technology are useful approaches to established high-concentration drug treatment of cancer tissues without harming normal cells. Some features of a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system include the durability of the vehicle, biocompatibility, permeation, and ability to target specific types of cells. Organic and inorganic nanoparticles have developed this kind of drug-carrier system. Particulate systems are also still being explored for cancer drug resistance mechanisms, and their function in immunotherapy is expanding.

ROS/GSH dual-responsive selenium-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

ROS/GSH dual-responsive selenium-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

Natural Biopolymers as Smart Coating Materials of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery.

In recent years, the functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with different types of responsive pore gatekeepers have shown great potential for the formulation of drug delivery systems (DDS) with minimal premature leakage and site-specific controlled release. New nanotechnological approaches have been developed with the objective of utilizing natural biopolymers as smart materials in drug delivery applications. Natural biopolymers are sensitive to various physicochemical and biological stimuli and are endowed with intrinsic biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Their use as biocompatible smart coatings has extensively been investigated in the last few years. This review summarizes the MSNs coating procedures with natural polysaccharides and protein-based biopolymers, focusing on their application as responsive materials to endogenous stimuli. Biopolymer-coated MSNs, which conjugate the nanocarrier features of mesoporous silica with the biocompatibility and controlled delivery provided by natural coatings, have shown promising therapeutic outcomes and the potential to emerge as valuable candidates for the selective treatment of various diseases.

NANOPARTÍCULAS DE SÍLICA (NPSiO2) UTILIZADAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DE DISTÚRBIOS ASSOCIADOS AO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL (SNC)

SILICA NANOPARTICLES (SiO2NP) USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). In the last decade, nanomedicine has investigated the potential use of silica nanoparticles for drug delivery due to the favorable physicochemical properties of these systems as carriers. Specifically, a few studies have focused on applying silica-based nanosystems to deliver drugs into the central nervous system to treat neurological disorders. The present review aimed to evaluate the properties of silica nanoparticles, such as size, zeta potential, surface area, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and release profile, exclusively applied for the treatment of central nervous system disorders as well as to describe the correlation between biological outcomes and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the main processes related to the development of silica nanoparticles, such as preparation and characterization methods, were covered in this review to aid the systematic development of silica-based nanoparticles. In the articles reviewed, silica nanocarriers used in neurological disorders did not exhibit physicochemical similarities. Thus, attempts to prospect relations between physicochemical properties and biological effects are still inefficient when silica nanoparticles are used as drug delivery systems in neurological disorders. Therefore, each silica-based nanocarrier must be fully physicochemical and biologically characterized to comprehend how the structural features of silica nanoparticles affect biological systems.

Curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery: synthesis, biological assays and therapeutic potential - a review.

Curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown promise as drug delivery systems to address the limited pharmacokinetic characteristics of curcumin. Functionalization with folic acid and PEGylation enhance anticancer activity, biocompatibility, stability, and permeability. Co-delivery with other drugs results in synergistically enhanced cytotoxic activity. Environment-responsive MSNs prevent undesirable drug leakage and increase selectivity towards target tissues. This review summarizes the methods of Cur-loaded MSN synthesis and functionalization and their application in various diseases, and also highlights the potential of Cur-loaded MSNs as a promising drug delivery system.

Triantennary GalNAc-Functionalized Multi-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Targeted at Asialoglycoprotein Receptor.

In recent years, mesoporous silica particles have been revealed as promising drug delivery systems combining high drug loading capacity, excellent biocompatibility, and easy and affordable synthetic and post-synthetic procedures. In fact, the straightforward functionalization approaches of these particles allow their conjugation with targeting moieties in order to surpass one of the major challenges in drug administration, the absence of targeting ability of free drugs that reduces their therapeutic efficacy and causes undesired side effects. In this context, the main goal of this work was to develop a new targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticle formulation with the capability to specifically and efficiently deliver an anticancer drug to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. To this purpose, and as proof of concept, we developed redox-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with the targeting ligand triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) cluster, which has high affinity to asialoglycoprotein receptors overexpressed in HCC cells, and loaded them with epirubicin, an anthracycline drug. The produced nanocarrier exhibits suitable physicochemical properties for drug delivery, high drug loading capacity, high biocompatibility, and targeting ability to HCC cells, revealing its biopharmaceutical potential as a targeted drug carrier for therapeutic applications in liver diseases.

Drug molecules bridge with small gatekeeper to co-block mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

In this study, a filter-like blocking system based on MSN with small gatekeeper 5- mercapto-2 nitrobenzoic acid (MNBA) has developed. The MNBA grafted nanoparticle MSN-SS-MNBA shows excellent blocking performance with negligible leakage when loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), and the release profiles illustrate stimuli-responsive property when triggered by GSH. Viability experiments indicate that MSN-SS-MNBA has obvious inhibition for both Hela cells and HCT116 cells, while showing good biocompatibility for L929 cells, which suggests that the modified MNBA has a synergistic effect on cancer cells-killing. Since the small grafted molecule MNBA cannot block the channels of MSN via self-assembly, a filter-like blocking model that the loaded drug bridged with modified MNBA to fulfill the blocking process is proposed. The novel blocking strategy provides a new possible way for pore blocking, and the small nanovalve can be used as synergistic molecule for cancer therapy.

Engineering mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery: where are we after two decades?

The present review details a chronological description of the events that took place during the development of mesoporous materials, their different synthetic routes and their use as drug delivery systems. The outstanding textural properties of these materials quickly inspired their translation to the nanoscale dimension leading to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The different aspects of introducing pharmaceutical agents into the pores of these nanocarriers, together with their possible biodistribution and clearance routes, would be described here. The development of smart nanocarriers that are able to release a high local concentration of the therapeutic cargo on-demand after the application of certain stimuli would be reviewed here, together with their ability to deliver the therapeutic cargo to precise locations in the body. The huge progress in the design and development of MSNs for biomedical applications, including the potential treatment of different diseases, during the last 20 years will be collated here, together with the required work that still needs to be done to achieve the clinical translation of these materials. This review was conceived to stand out from past reports since it aims to tell the story of the development of mesoporous materials and their use as drug delivery systems by some of the story makers, who could be considered to be among the pioneers in this area.

Our contributions to applications of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Our contributions to mesoporous silica materials in the field of biomedicine are reported in this article. This perspective article represents our work in the basics of the material, preparing different ranges of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with different diameters and with varied pore sizes. We demonstrated the high loading capacity of these materials. Additionally, the possibility of functionalizing both internal and external surface with different organic or inorganic moieties allowed the development of stimuli-responsive features which allowed a proper control on the administered dose. In addition, we have demonstrated that these carriers are not toxic, and we have also ensured that the load reaches its destination without affecting healthy tissues. Statement of significanceThis paper presents my personal opinion and background on a hot topic as mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery. To this aim it provides a comprehensive and historical overview on the innovative contributions of my research group to this rapidly expanding field of research.

Kidney-Protector Lipidic Cilastatin Derivatives as Structure-Directing Agents for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery.

Mesoporous silica nanomaterials have emerged as promising vehicles in controlled drug delivery systems due to their ability to selectively transport, protect, and release pharmaceuticals in a controlled and sustained manner. One drawback of these drug delivery systems is their preparation procedure that usually requires several steps including the removal of the structure-directing agent (surfactant) and the later loading of the drug into the porous structure. Herein, we describe the preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, as drug delivery systems from structure-directing agents based on the kidney-protector drug cilastatin in a simple, fast, and one-step process. The concept of drug-structure-directing agent (DSDA) allows the use of lipidic derivatives of cilastatin to direct the successful formation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The inherent pharmacological activity of the surfactant DSDA cilastatin-based template permits that the MSNs can be directly employed as drug delivery nanocarriers, without the need of extra steps. MSNs thus synthesized have shown good sphericity and remarkable textural properties. The size of the nanoparticles can be adjusted by simply selecting the stirring speed, time, and aging temperature during the synthesis procedure. Moreover, the release experiments performed on these materials afforded a slow and sustained drug release over several days, which illustrates the MSNs potential utility as drug delivery system for the cilastatin cargo kidney protector. While most nanotechnology strategies focused on combating the different illnesses this methodology emphasizes on reducing the kidney toxicity associated to cancer chemotherapy.

Application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery to cancer cells

Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy is the most common method for cancer therapy which represent non-specific side effects on normal cells and tissues and drug resistance in cancer cells. There are two main mechanisms for Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in cancer cells including: drug efflux pump and activation of anti-apoptotic pathways. Cancer chemotherapy disadvantages can be overcome by using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems like Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) that have been used as drug delivery system since 2001. The present review included synthesis, targeted (active or passive) drug delivery to cancer cells, co-delivery of anticancer drugs and siRNA by MSNs and its toxicity. This review revealed that MSNs are good candidate for drug delivery to cancer cells due to its unique properties including: controllable pore and particle sizes, thermal and chemical stability, modifications of outer and inner surfaces of nanoparticles for drug and siRNA loading, attachment of ligand for targeted drug delivery, high drug loading capacity and controlled drug release, biocompatibility and biodegradation in aqueous medium.

Glutathione and pH serial responsive functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

In this work, a novel glutathione and pH serial dual-responsive drug delivery system has been developed, which was constructed with chitosan (CS), carbon dots (CDs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) modified the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The system showed excellent drug loading efficiency, controlled release and targeted delivery. In addition, the platform (MSN-CS@HA-CDs) exhibited fluorescence imaging property. The prepared drug delivery system appeared to be a promising cancer treatment platform.

Redox and pH double stimulus-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

Redox and pH double stimulus-responsive drug delivery platform based on chitosan (CS), carbon dots (CDs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for drug delivery. The DDS showed excellent drug loading and release properties with good biocompatibility. In addition, the DDS exhibited fluorescence bioimaging properties. The prepared MSN-CS-CDs@HA is demonstrated to be a promising cancer treatment platform.

Uniform, Scalable, High-Temperature Microwave Shock for Nanoparticle Synthesis through Defect Engineering

Summary Here we demonstrate a thermal shock synthesis method triggered by microwave irradiation for the rapid synthesis of nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) substrate. With properly controlled reduction, RGO has high electrical conductivity while maintaining functional groups, leading to an extremely efficient microwave absorption of ∼70%. The high utilization of microwaves results in the ability to raise the temperature to 1,600 K in just 100 ms, which is followed by rapid quenching to room temperature. The defects on the RGO are crucial for achieving this record-high microwave-induced temperature as these defects play a fundamental role in absorbing the radiation as well as the self-quenching mechanism. By loading precursors onto RGO, we can utilize rapid temperature change to synthesize nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are ∼10 nm with uniform distribution. This facile, rapid, and universal synthesis technique has the potential to be employed in large-scale production of nanomaterials and suggests a new direction for nanosynthesis.

Targeted and stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery and theranostic use.

For cancer therapy, the usefulness of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MPSNPs) has been widely discussed, likely due to its inorganic nature and excellent structural features. The MPSNPs-based chemotherapeutics have been promisingly delivered to their target sites that help to minimize side effects and improve therapeutic effectiveness. A wide array of studies have been conducted to functionalize drug-loaded MPSNPs using targeting ligands and stimuli-sensitive substances. In addition, anticancer drugs have been precisely delivered to their target sites using MPSNPs, which respond to multi-stimuli. Furthermore, MPSNPs have been extensively tested for their safety and compatibility. The toxicity level of MPSNPs is substantially lower as compared to that of colloidal silica; however, in oxidative stress, they exhibit cytotoxic features. The biocompatibility of MPSNPs can be improved by modifying their surfaces. This article describes the production procedures, functionalization, and applications of biocompatible MPSNPs in drug delivery.

Controlled drug delivery systems for cancer based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

The implementation of nanotechnology in medicine has opened new research horizons particularly in the field of therapeutic delivery. Mesoporous silica particles have emerged as biocompatible drug delivery systems with an enormous potential in the treatment of cancer among many other pathologies. In this review, we focus on the unique properties of these particles as chemotherapy delivery carriers. Here, we summarize the general characteristics of these nanomaterials – including their physicochemical properties and customizable surfaces – different stimuli that can be used to trigger targeted drug release, biocompatibility and finally, the drawbacks of these types of nanomaterials, highlighting some of the most important features of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery.

Curcumin polymer coated, self-fluorescent and stimuli-responsive multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

We reported the facile preparation of self-fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles based on a triple-role curcumin polymer shell as stimuli-responsive multifunctional nanocarriers for drug delivery. This curcumin polymer shell integrates multiple function of acting as fluorescent agents, increasing the drug loading ratio of curcumin, and controlling the open and close of the pores in a “smart” way. This novel drug nanocarrier will inspire the development of smart and self-fluorescent drug nanocarrier to achieve imaging and therapeutic goals for cancer therapy.

Dual pH and glucose sensitive gel gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery

A low molecular weight gelator with dual pH and glucose sensitive moieties was synthesized. The gelator penetrated in the mesopores of silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and formed low molecular weight gel (LMWG) as gate to fabricate dual pH and glucose responsive nano drug delivery system. Antidiabetic drug was loaded in the gel caped MSNs, the drug release was responsive to the pH and glucose levels and the drug release could be controlled via the stimuli sensitivity of gel.

A novel high drug loading mussel-inspired polydopamine hybrid nanoparticle as a pH-sensitive vehicle for drug delivery

A novel high drug loading pH-cleavable polymer hybrid nanoparticle was prepared via doxorubicin (DOX) grafted onto PEGylated, mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) and then coated onto hollow silica nanoparticles for drug delivery. A series of characterization shed light on the formation mechanisms of PDA coatings on hollow silica. We hypothesized that dopamine was first absorbed onto the surface of hollow silica and then began self-polymerization. A Dox-containing thiol moiety was fabricated with conjugation between doxorubicin hydrochloride and Mercaptopropionyalkali with a pH-cleavable hydrozone bond. Using a Michael addition reaction, several Dox-containing thiol moieties were grafted onto the surface of the PDA. The drug loading capacity can reach 35.43%. It can minimize the metabolic problem of silica. The released behavior of Dox can be significantly enhanced at endosomal pH compared to physiological pH. After folate modification, nanoparticles can lead to more cellular endocytosis. Meanwhile animal assays showed that more Dox accumulated in tumor tissue, which can enhanced the cytotoxicity to 4T1 cancer cells with a targeting group compared to free DOX and untargeted groups. Meanwhile, the tumor growth was significantly inhibited. This promising material shows a promising future as a drug delivery system.

Drug Delivery: Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH‐Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery of TNF‐Alpha (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 13/2017)

In article number 1700012, Helmut Jonuleit and co-workers utilize dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery to increase the efficacy of anti-tumor drug TNF-α, while decreasing its side-effects.