Silent Version Research Articles

Pseudorandomized Testing of a Discharge Medication Alert to Reduce Free-Text Prescribing.

Pseudorandomized testing can be applied to perform rigorous yet practical evaluations of clinical decision support tools. We apply this methodology to an interruptive alert aimed at reducing free-text prescriptions. Using free-text instead of structured computerized provider order entry elements can cause medication errors and inequity in care by bypassing medication-based clinical decision support tools and hindering automated translation of prescription instructions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an interruptive alert at reducing free-text prescriptions via pseudorandomized testing using native electronic health records (EHR) functionality. Two versions of an EHR alert triggered when a provider attempted to sign a discharge free-text prescription. The visible version displayed an interruptive alert to the user, and a silent version triggered in the background, serving as a control. Providers were assigned to the visible and silent arms based on even/odd EHR provider IDs. The proportion of encounters with a free-text prescription was calculated across the groups. Alert trigger rates were compared in process control charts. Free-text prescriptions were analyzed to identify prescribing patterns. Over the 28-week study period, 143 providers triggered 695 alerts (345 visible and 350 silent). The proportions of encounters with free-text prescriptions were 83% (266/320) and 90% (273/303) in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p = 0.01). For the active alert, median time to action was 31 seconds. Alert trigger rates between groups were similar over time. Ibuprofen, oxycodone, steroid tapers, and oncology-related prescriptions accounted for most free-text prescriptions. A majority of these prescriptions originated from user preference lists. An interruptive alert was associated with a modest reduction in free-text prescriptions. Furthermore, the majority of these prescriptions could have been reproduced using structured order entry fields. Targeting user preference lists shows promise for future intervention.

TWO PERSON GAMES ON SALE IN WHICH THE PRICE FLUCTUATES WITH TIME

We consider a class of games which is suggested from a timing problem for putting some kind of farm products on the market. Two players, Player I and II, take possession of the right to put some kind of farm products on the market with even ratio. Each of the players can put the farm products at any time in (0, 1). The price of them increases over (0,m) ⊂ (0, 1) and decreases over (m, 1) with pass time t so long as both of the players do not sell them, however if one of the two players puts his farm products on the market, the price falls discontinuously and then fluctuates analogously as before. Both players have to put their farm products on the market within the unit interval (0, 1). In such a situation, each player wishes to put at the optimal time which gives him the highest price, considering opponents action time with each other. This model yields us a certain class of two person non-zero sum infinite games on the unit square. 1 Introduction We consider a class of games which is suggested from the correlative phenomena between the price fluctuations and supply in a market on farm products. Two players, Player I and II, take possession of the right to put some kind of farm products on the market with even ratio. We call such kind of products product A in this paper. We can harvest product A at a specific season every year periodically. Each of the two players wants to decide the optimal time to put his product A on the market until the next harvest season. We consider one time period where the harvest time in each year is the beginning and the next harvest time is the end. The price of product A increases smoothly until some point and then decreases with time as long as the both players don't put on the market and keep their own products. But, when one of the players puts his product A on the market, the price of product A possessed by his opponent falls discontinuously and then fluctuates with time analogously as before until his opponent puts the rest on the market. In such a situation, each player has to decide the optimal action time considering the current price and his opponent's action time, with each other. This problem is applicable to the correlation phenomena between the price and supply on land, not only to the problem of farm products. As well as the usual games of timing (1,2), we have to introduce two patterns of information available to the players. If a player is informed of his opponent's action time as soon as his opponent put product A on the market, we say they are in a noisy version. If neither player learns when nor whether his opponent has put product A on the market, we say both players are in a silent version. We shall discuss three cases according to the information patterns mentioned above, as follows: 1. Both players are in a noisy version. We call this case noisy game. 2. Both players are in a silent version. We call this case silent game.

Filmography of The Prince and the Pauper

Abstract The subject of filmed Mark Twain has only begun to be examined by scholars. Adaptations vary in format, production values, quality, and fidelity to the source material widely. Film versions of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn have received the bulk of critical attention, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court seems to have inspired many filmmakers, but the Mark Twain work that appears to have produced the most adaptations is The Prince and the Pauper. In the almost 110 years since the first silent version premiered, ninety-five variations on the Tudor tale have been released, with these adaptations varying from traditional and highly faithful renditions to versions that connect by very slim similarities. The novel's plot has often been borrowed for episodes of television series, with stories involving previously unknown doubles and the switching of identities. This filmography traces and catalogs those adaptations that based on Mark Twain's novel.

A Case Study in Neuromarketing: Analysis of the Influence of Music on Advertising Effectivenes through Eye-Tracking, Facial Emotion and GSR

Abstract Music plays an important role in advertising. It exerts strong influence on the cognitive processes of attention and on the emotional processes of evaluation and, subsequently, in the attributes of the product. The goal of this work was to investigate these mechanisms using eye-tracking, facial expression and galvanic skin response (GSR).Nineteen university women were exposed to the same TV ad of a perfume in our Laboratory (https://neurolabcenter.com/). Nine of them were randomly assigned to the music version and ten to the silent version. During viewing, the visual areas of interest, the fixation time, the facial emotions and the GSR were recorded. Before and after viewing the subjects completed a questionnaire. Results: 1) The commercial with music caused a GSR level higher than without music. The GSR evaluates the degree of arousal (emotion)., 2) The facial expression indicated that the variable "enjoy" and "engagement" were significantly higher in the version with music. The positive valence (liking) presented higher values in the musical version, 3) However, the evaluation of the variable "attention", measured through facial expression, did not show differences between the groups. There were also no differences in the heat maps of areas of interest. 4) The attributes evaluation of the product, measured with the pre-post questionnaire, showed greater increases after exposure to the musical version, but only in specific product’s attributes, such as "power" but not on other attributes, such as "status". These results are interpreted within the framework of the recent theories of advertising and music (Oakes, 2007).

Human IgG subclass cross-species reactivity to mouse and cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptors

In therapeutic antibody discovery and early development, mice and cynomolgus monkey are used as animal models to assess toxicity, efficacy and other properties of candidate molecules. As more candidate antibodies are based on human immunoglobulin (IgG) subclasses, many strategies are pursued to simulate the human system in the test animal. However, translation rate from a successful preclinical trial to an approved drug is extremely low. This may partly be due to differences in interaction of human IgG based candidate molecules to endogenous Fcγ receptors of model animals in comparison to those of human Fcγ receptors. In this study, we compare binding characteristics of human IgG subclasses commonly used in drug development (IgG1, IgG2, IgG4) and their respective Fc silent versions (IgG1σ, IgG2σ, IgG4 PAA) to human, mouse, and cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptors. To control interactions between Fab and Fc domains, the test IgGs all have the same variable region sequences. We found distinct variations of interaction of human IgG subclasses to model animal Fcγ receptors in comparison to their human counterparts. Particularly, cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptors showed consistently tighter binding to human IgGs than human Fcγ receptors. Moreover, the presumably Fc silent human IgG4 PAA framework bound to cynomolgus monkey FcγRI with nanomolar affinity while only very weak binding was observed for the human FcγRI. Our results highlighted the need for a thorough in vitro affinity characterization of candidate IgGs against model animal Fcγ receptors and careful design of preclinical studies.

Negative polarity items: a case for questions as licensers

Existing analyses of NPI licensing in questions instantiate two differentapproaches. One approach holds that questions are NPI licensers in their own right(Kadmon & Landman 1990; Krifka 1995, 2003; van Rooy 2003); the other holdsthat, in virtue of their syntax, questions host silent expressions that do the licensingfor them, such as a silent version of exclusive only (Nicolae 2013, 2015) or negationnot (Guerzoni & Sharvit 2014). Based one a pattern of NPI licensing in alternativequestions, this paper presents a case for the former approach. Specifically, it offersan argument for the analysis developed in Krifka 1995, 2003 and van Rooy 2003,which centrally refers to questions’ information theoretic entropy (Shannon 1948).

The lost post: Mikhail Tsekhanovskii’s sound version of The Post (Pochta, 1930)

This is the first publication of the editing list for the lost sound version of Mikhail Tsekhanovskii’s animated cartoon The Post (Pochta, aka The Mail, 1930), which Nikolai Izvolov discovered in the Film Institute VGIK in 2013. Izvolov introduces the film and its distribution history in the early 1930s, before discussing the peculiarities of Tsekhanovskii’s sound version of the film, which is 10 minutes longer than the silent version and includes a prologue in the form of a cabaret; the text is written by Daniil Kharms. The publication of the dialogue sheets follows this introduction.

Box Office Poison?

Few areas of scholarship have grown as rapidly in recent years as the study of Shakespearean cinema. A multitude of scholars have explored Shakespearean films from different perspectives, examining the field from the first pioneering efforts to the present day. The discourse is constantly being redefined. Jack Jorgens (1991), who so succinctly theorised the degrees of distance of the films from their source plays, was scathing in his dismissal of the early silent versions. Judith Buchanan (2011), following Robert Hamilton Ball (1968), has redressed this, clearly demonstrating the value of these films. Anthony Davies (1988) contrasted theatrical and cinematic space, and dwelt upon the ways in which they influenced each other. Russell Jackson (2007), with his experience of working on Branagh's screen versions, has examined several key twentieth century productions as articulations of the originals, taking their reception into consideration. No-one has gone further than Richard Burt (1999 and 2002) in exploring the penumbra of Shakespeare derivations. Emma French (2006) has produced an important examination of the marketing of Shakespeare in Hollywood. Kenneth Rothwell (2004), Marcus Pitcaithly (2011) and Daniel Rosenthal (2007), to name but three, have catalogued the large numbers of such films in considerable detail. Important as these and many other books and articles examining the presence of William Shakespeare in the cinema are, however, the areas which have received the least scholarly attention are those which have the most profound effect upon whether or not audiences have any opportunity to see films based upon the plays of Shakespeare in the first place. As Deborah Allison rightly points out, the choice of films that audiences get the opportunity to see lies less in the range of films that are produced than in the business practices of the distribution and exhibition sectors. These practices have received far less public scrutiny ... yet they are critical in shaping the choice of films available for public consumption. (Allison 81)

Working with Hitch

Although Alfred Hitchcock's 1929 film Blackmail was released in both sound and silent versions, it is the sound version that is most familiar to modern audiences. Composer Neil Brand was commissioned to provide a score for the silent version and in this essay he reflects on the problems and the pleasures of creating a score that can reach modern audiences and enhance the intensity and the ambiguity of Hitchcock's masterpiece.

Domestic chicks' runway responses to video images of conspecifics.

Because chickens are highly social animals, live conspecifics are often used to provide an incentive or goal in studies of gait, sociality or fear that require the bird to traverse a runway. However, the variable behaviour of the stimulus birds can influence the approach/avoidance responses of the test birds and thereby confound the results. Because chickens modify their behaviour readily and appropriately to a variety of video images, including social stimuli, we asked if video playback might represent easily controllable and standardized alternatives to live birds. Female ISA Brown chicks were housed in groups of eight and then exposed to a blank illuminated television for 10min per day from 2 to 7 days of age. At 8 or 9 days of age they were placed individually in the start box of a 1.6m long runway and we recorded their responses to a monitor displaying selected video images that was situated in the goal box at the opposite end of the runway. In Experiment 1 chicks approached a monitor playing the video image and soundtrack of feeding chicks significantly sooner than one of a goal box with the food dish and background noise. In Experiment 2, chicks were exposed to the same video of feeding conspecifics with or without the associated sounds or to a video of the goal box with or without the chick soundtrack. Both the videos of other chicks elicited faster approach than did those of the goal box and the sound and silent versions were equally attractive. Adding the soundtrack of feeding chicks to the goal-box video failed to increase its attractiveness. The present results suggest that chicks are attracted towards televised images of other chicks. They also indicate that the visual and auditory components of the video stimuli did not exert additive effects and that approach reflected attraction to the visual image. Collectively, our findings suggest that video playback of selected social stimuli, such as feeding conspecifics, could be a valuable tool in tests requiring voluntary locomotion along a predetermined path.

Jules Verne on film: a filmography of the cinematic adaptations of his works, 1902 through 1997

Jules Verne - Voila! - is a name that resonates with visions of fantastic adventures and images of exotic exploits. In his voyages extraordinaires, the noted French author integrates his encyclopedic knowledge of science and geography with his ability to tell fascinating and entertaining tales, taking his readers on unprecedented journeys across the globe, into the earth, and out into space. This revered writer, who with his boundless imagination had hoped to contribute substantially to the world of letters, has surpassed that expectation to become coincidentally a significant influence on film. This comprehensive filmography not only offers an incisive analysis of Verne's epic creations, but also presents an examination of the films inspired by his stories and characters. If one tries to think of all the films adapted from the works of Jules Verne, a fair sampling might be easy to come up with. If one looks more closely at the plots and motifs of many other films, science fiction and otherwise, their origins are revealed to have been derived from Verne. For example, most film enthusiasts are familiar with Disney's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and a few may even be aware of the 1916 silent version. But Verne's classic undersea novel also provided the underpinnings for such other movies as Fantastic Voyage (1966) and Innerspace (1987). The central arrangement is by Verne's title with a brief thematic analysis of the novel. The entry then presents in chronological order all cinematic adaptations of that work, allowing the user to make comparative analyses of not only the movies but also their relationships to Verne's original story. Filmographic data are provided for each adaptation, along with a plot synopsis that blends critical commentary with an examination of the connection between the movie and Verne's work.

A Game of Timing which Shifts Stochastically from a Noisy Version, to a Silent Version

Abstract We consider a two-person non-zero sum game of timing in which the state of bullets possessed by both players shifts stochastically from noisy to silent at random time T in [0, 1] with cdf K(t). The problem is a continuation of the previous paper where the state of the bullets shifted stochastically from silent to noisy. It is shown that the change of information structure available to both the players yields interesting equilibrium strategies. Furthermore, we give remarks on a case where the switching time from a noisy to silent state is not a random variable but a deterministic time in [0, 1], though we cannot derive an equilibrium point except in special cases.

The Development of Verbal Control over Motor Behavior: A Replication and Extension of Luria's Findings

TINSLEY, VIRGINIA S., and WATERS, HARRIET SALATAS. The Development of Verbal Control over Motor Behavior: A Replication and Extension of Luria's Findings. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 746-753. 2 experiments were designed to replicate and extend Luria's findings on the development of verbal self-regulation during early childhood. In experiment 1, 2-year-olds were asked to hit a peg in a pegboard once with a hammer. In the silent version of the task, no verbal accompaniment was provided. In the overt version, children were asked to verbalize according to 1 of 3 instructions. 1 group said one while simultaneously hitting the peg, a second group said toy while simultaneously hitting the peg, and a third group said one and then hit the peg. Children in the first 2 groups were more likely to successfully hit the peg once and only once with verbal accompaniment. Children in the third group found it difficult to verbalize first and hit the peg afterward. These results support Luria's hypothesis that overt verbalizations facilitate control of motor behavior in young children, provided the verbalization occurs simultaneously with the motor act. The lack of difference between the one group and the toy group indicates that the semantic content of the verbalization is not important, only the activity of speaking. In experiment 2, these findings were replicated with a wider age range (2-5 years) and with a simple (hit a peg once) and difficult (hit 3 pegs in succession) task.

Decisions of timing in experimental probabilistic duels

The paradigm of the 2-person, zerosum, infinite game as a model of bipolarized conflicts in real time is extended to the probabilistic duel, where a player does not know with certainty whether or not this opponent is armed, but only knows the probability of such armament. Twenty dyads participated in a computer-controlled probabilistic duel experiment, ten of them playing a noisy version (where all bullets fired are public knowledge) and ten playing a silent version (where unsuccessful fire is unknown to the opponent). Several game-theoretic implications were tested, some of which demonstrate the efficacy of the theory of games of timing as an explicatory mechanism for decision behavior in experimental duels.

Public Health Service. Film Catalog. June 1960

This is a complete listing of films and filmstrips from the Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center Film Library, as of June 1, 1960. These motion pictures and filmstrips were made either for, by, or in co-operation with the Public Health Service. Most of the films listed are professional films produced for instruction in publichealth techniques. Films for the general public are also listed. Complete information concerning loan or purchase of the motion pictures is included as well as the necessary technical descriptions about width, length, and whether a sound or silent version. This catalog is conveniently divided, starting with a subject index. The films are alphabetically listed by subject and are described. Next is a title index in which the films are listed alphabetically by title. In conclusion, there is a reference section in which the subject matter is cross-indexed with page reference to descriptions. This method of film

Film Demonstration of Money Movements

IN view of the recent discussions on“Science and Society”in our columns, many readers will be interested to learn that Prof. M. Polanyi, professor of physical chemistry in the University of Manchester, has produced a short film entitled “An Outline of the Working of Money”. The film, which runs for 25 minutes and, except in the opening section, is in diagrammatic form, is divided into five parts. It deals in turn with the circular flow of money, the actions of saving and spending, the functions of the banks, depreciation and the role of the capital goods industries, and finally the interaction of these forces affecting the working of the economic system. In the preparation of the film, simplification of ideas has of course been necessary, but it presents a most interesting venture—so far as we are aware, the first venture—in the application of methods of visual presentation to economic theory. The film was first shown to members of the Manchester Statistical Society in March, and the Society has now published the full script of the film. The film itself, which is at present only available in a silent version, was made by Science Films Limited.

Rat Control Film

THE Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries has recently produced a new cinematograph film dealing with the loss and damage caused by rats and mice and the measures which may be taken for their destruction. The film, which is entitled “Your Enemy—The Rat”, is available in two versions—a short sound film for display in public cinemas, and a longer silent version designed for display at exhibitions, conferences, etc. Copies of the film will be loaned free of charge. Applications for bookings should be addressed to the Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 10 Whitehall Place, London, S.W.I.