Signs Of Nervousness Research Articles

Shot classification for human behavioural analysis in video surveillance applications

Human behavior analysis plays a vital role in ensuring security and safety of people in crowded public places against diverse contexts like theft detection, violence prevention, explosion anticipation etc. Analysing human behaviour by classifying of videos in to different shot types helps in extracting appropriate behavioural cues. Shots indicates the subject size within the frame and the basic camera shots include: the close-up, medium shot, and the long shot. If the video is categorised as Close-up shot type, investigating emotional displays helps in identifying criminal suspects by analysing the signs of aggressiveness and nervousness to prevent illegal acts. Mid shot can be used for analysing nonverbal communication like clothing, facial expressions, gestures and personal space. For long shot type, behavioural analysis is by extracting the cues from gait and atomic action displayed by the person. Here, the framework for shot scale analysis for video surveillance applications is by using Face pixel percentage and deep learning based method. Face Pixel ratio corresponds to the percentage of region occupied by the face region in a frame. The Face pixel Ratio is thresholded with predefined threshold values and grouped into Close-up shot, mid shot and long shot categories. Shot scale analysis based on transfer learning utilizes effective pre-trained models that includes AlexNet, VGG Net, GoogLeNet and ResNet. From experimentation, it is observed that, among the pre-trained models used for experimentation GoogLeNet tops with the accuracy of 94.61%.

The impact of the initial COVID-19 lockdown on the mental health and lifestyle of children in Turkey

The COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent school closures increased children’s mental health difficulties and associated risk of school exclusion. The present study examined the changes in children’s daily habits, and emotional and behavioral symptoms during the first national lockdown in 2020 as compared to before. A total of 854 caregivers living in Turkey with children aged 5 to 12 years completed a survey. The results showed that children spent significantly more time using screens, and less time engaging in physical activity during the lockdown compared to before. Additionally, one in three children were reported as feeling bored. Approximately half of the children were reported to show signs of nervousness, anger, anxiety, worry, restlessness, irritability, argumentativeness, and fear of infection. The children whose caregivers reported more family coexistence difficulty, higher risk of COVID-19 infection, poorer mental health, and high parenting role stress experienced higher levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties during the lockdown as compared to before. Children’s pandemic-related emotional symptoms increased with age. Our findings suggested that the COVID-19 lockdown in Turkey had a negative impact on children’s socioemotional and behavioral wellbeing with pre-adolescents being at higher risk of emotional change during the lockdown. These findings can guide early prevention and intervention programs to address child mental health symptoms in Turkey

Simulated patient and role play methodologies for communication skills and empathy training of undergraduate medical students

BackgroundVerbal and non-verbal communication, as well as empathy are central to patient-doctor interactions and have been associated with patients’ satisfaction. Non-verbal communication tends to override verbal messages. The aim of this study was to analyze how medical students use verbal and non-verbal communication using two different educational approaches, student role play (SRP) and actor simulated patient (ASP), and whether the non-verbal behaviour is different in the two different poses.MethodsThree raters evaluated 20 students playing the doctor role, 10 in the SRP group and 10 in the ASP group. The videos were analyzed with the Calgary-Cambridge Referenced Observation Guide (CCG) and, for a more accurate evaluation of non-verbal communication, we also evaluated signs of nervousness, and posture. Empathy was rated with the CARE questionnaire. Independent Mann Whitney U tests and Qhi square tests were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsFrom the 6 main tasks of the CCG score, we obtained higher scores in the ASP group for the task ‘Gathering information’ (p = 0.0008). Concerning the 17 descriptors of the CCG, the ASP group obtained significantly better scores for ‘Exploration of the patients’ problems to discover the biomedical perspective’ (p = 0.007), ‘Exploration of the patients’ problems to discover background information and context’ (p = 0.0004) and for ‘Closing the session – Forward planning’ (p = 0.02). With respect to non-verbal behaviour items, nervousness was significantly higher in the ASP group compared to the SRP group (p < 0.0001). Concerning empathy, no differences were found between the SRP and ASP groups.ConclusionsMedical students displayed differentiated verbal and non-verbal communication behaviour during the two communication skills training methodologies. These results show that both methodologies have certain advantages and that more explicit non-verbal communication training might be necessary in order to raise students’ awareness for this type of communication and increase doctor-patient interaction effectiveness.

Detecting smugglers: Identifying strategies and behaviours in individuals in possession of illicit objects

SummaryBehaviour detection officers' task is to spot potential criminals in public spaces, but scientific research concerning what to look for is scarce. In two experiments, 52 (Experiment 1A) and 60 (Experiment 2A) participants carried out a mission involving a ferry crossing. Half were asked to smuggle an object; the other half were non‐smugglers. In Experiment 2A, two confederates appeared to approach as if looking for someone on the ferry. Smugglers, more than non‐smugglers, reported afterwards to have felt nervous, self‐conscious, and conspicuous and to attempt behavioural control during the ferry crossing. The secretly videotaped ferry crossings were shown to 104 (Experiment 1B) and 120 (Experiment 2B) observers, tasked to identify the smugglers. Although they reported paying attention mostly to signs of nervousness, lie detection accuracy rate was poor (48% in Experiment 1 and 39.2% in Experiment 2) because their perceptions of nervousness did not match the experiences of nervousness reported by the (non)smugglers.

Training Young Lawyers in the European Mediation Framework: It's Time to Devise a New Pedagogy for Conflict Management and Dispute Resolution

Mediation as a dispute resolution method is being rediscovered today in Western legal systems. Modern jurisdictions now tend to promote mediation according to a “formal legislative approach”, based on recommendations issued by international organizations, and giving in to the pressure of public opinion, tired of the constant justice crisis. The EU Directive of 2008 on civil and commercial mediation has imposed in vague terms the obligation to ensure the quality of mediation services, and by declaring only a certain level of training for mediators as desirable, it has left it up to member states to decide whether to make accreditation compulsory. In such a framework, where there is likely to be a further push towards regulation, we need to discuss what basic mediator skills are. The point is that the mediator’s professionalism is not easily pigeonholed in a set of disciplinary skills. The mediation model that the European Union has sought to promote and regulate is highly legal, but good mediation skills are not necessarily the same as the ones required to earn a degree in law and then pass the bar exam. University education must not necessarily train mediators, but rather form professionals who should be aware of the skills needed in mediation, or who know enough about mediation to direct their clients to mediation when the need arises. In order to prepare for the dispute and discern when to negotiate and when to fight, it becomes important to simulate conflict experientially, and to field-test what works in managing it, and when possible, in solving it. Simulating conflict using audio recordings, videos, and feedback reports allows the teacher to make the learner relive what happened: decisive moments, what could have been said differently or better, what should have not been said, posture, signs of nervousness, proxemics, all that which makes us feel more comfortable or uncomfortable in a situation. Empirical research using a socio-psychological paradigm has shown, for example, that mediators are assessed as effective when they are able to create an atmosphere of trust in mediation meetings, adapting flexibly to the situation, and transmitting energy, optimism and a non-judgmental attitude.

Personality and production: Nervous cows produce less milk

The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between animal personality (i.e., consistency in behavioral responses, also called temperament) and milk production in dairy cows. There has recently been a growing research interest in animal personality, which in production animals can have an important impact on welfare and production potential. Despite this, the relationship between personality and milk production in dairy cows remains unclear. Here we investigate links between behavioral responses during milking and in personality tests (responses to novel object and social isolation) with milk production in 2 breeds of dairy cattle, Swedish Red and White and Holstein. The milk production parameters investigated were energy-corrected milk (in kg) for the cows’ first lactation and energy-corrected milk for their current lactation. Overall, cows that stepped more during milking or spent more time facing the herd during social isolation produced less milk in their first lactation. Cows that vocalized more during isolation had a lower current milk production. Variation in other behavioral responses showed limited relationships with milk production. Taken together, our results support a relationship between behavioral responses and milk production, where cows showing signs of nervousness produce less milk. However, observed relationships are dependent on the milk measure used, behavior, and breed investigated, supporting that the relationship between behavior and production traits is not straightforward.

The Next Rising Tax Haven

The Next Rising Tax Haven

Power increases performance in a social evaluation situation as a result of decreased stress responses

AbstractWe tested whether power reduces responses related to social stress and thus increases performance evaluation in social evaluation situations. We hypothesized and found that thinking about having power reduced fear of negative evaluation and physiological arousal during a self‐presentation task (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 2, we also showed that simply thinking about having power made individuals perform better in a social evaluation situation. Our results confirmed our hypotheses that the mechanism explaining this power–performance link was that high power participants felt less fear of negative evaluation. The reduced fear of negative evaluation generated fewer signs of behavioral nervousness, which caused their performance to be evaluated more positively (serial mediation). Simply thinking of having power can therefore have important positive consequences for a person in an evaluation situation in terms of how he or she feels and how he or she is evaluated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

The time of the crime: Cognitively induced tonic arousal suppression when lying in a free recall context

Previous research has shown that suspects in real-life interviews do not display stereotypical signs of nervous behaviours, even though they may be experiencing high detection anxiety. We hypothesised that these suspects may have experienced cognitive load when lying and that this cognitive load reduced their tonic arousal, which suppressed signs of nervousness. We conducted two experiments to test this hypothesis. Tonic electrodermal arousal and blink rate were examined during task-induced (Experiment 1) and deception-induced cognitive load (Experiment 2). Both increased cognitive difficulty and deception resulted in decreased tonic arousal and blinking. This demonstrated for the first time that when lying results in heightened levels of cognitive load, signs of nervousness are decreased. We discuss implications for detecting deception and more wide-ranging phenomena related to emotional behaviour.

Total patient care in the operating department

DURI1I:G THE DEVELOP,'YiENT of operating theatre nursing practical skills and techniques have become increasingly important with the introduction of sophisticated equipment and advanced surgical procedures, but the fundamental responsibility of the nurse to provide total care for the patient remains an established priority and demands experienced nursing skills to guard the patient's safety and provide adequate care throughout the period of time spent in the operating department. Individually planned care is provided by the nurses working in the ward area, when the nursing process is in use, and it is encumbent upon theatre nurses to provide a continuity of this care in the operating theatre. When the theatre nurse is able to make a visit to the patient in the ward on the day before operation, this interview provides an invaluable opportunity to allay fears which may be causing stress and to offer reassurance and advice while assessing the patient's emotional and physical needs in order to record plans for meeting these needs. When lack of time and inaccessibility do not permit this valuable asses sment to be made in the quiet and relatively secluded atmosphere of the ward, the experienced nurse should grasp the opportunity to observe and plan for each individual patient at the reception area of the operating theatre. The obvious acceptance by the operating theatre staff of the responsibility for the patient during his stay in the department is of paramount importance. A simple greeting while confirming the patient's name, and an explanation from the nurse that she will accompany the patient to the anaesthetic room is an effective introduction which can bring obvious relaxation and relief of tension. Meanwhile, during the mandatory safety check, the nurse can use her skilled powers of observation to note physical signs, such as the colour and condition of the patient's skin, arthritic joints and obvious disabilities, as well as signs of nervousness, fear, excitability, and depression, which will be recorded and used to plan for th e care to be given during and after operation, and be a useful .guide to those caring for the patient in the post-anaesthetic recovery area. The nurse who has accompanied the patient from the ward to the operating department will have a particular interest in this patient and should be in possession and aware of facts which are relevant and helpful in providing special care and alleviating fears. Co-operation between the theatre staff and the representative from the ward promotes continuity of care which enhances the patient's chances of a satisfactory recovery. Physical needs are met by ensuring that pillows are used to provide adequate head and neck support and that covers are tucked around the patient to instil a measure of security, warmth, and comfort. Extra support to injured limbs, and those being used for intravenous infusions, will be appreciated as the patient is gently transferred to the waiting theatre trolley. A word of encouragement or a reassuring hand on the patient's arm will convince him that the theatre nurse is caring for him at this time and that he will not be left alone. A quiet atmosphere is required for the premedicated patient, who may be di stressed and disturbed by loud voices, banging doors, and the general hustle and bustle of the theatre. If he appears to be well sedated or sleeping, it is wise not to disturb him, but to complete the checking procedure with the help of the nurse from the ward. The routine checks made in a quiet, clear voice by the theatre nurse will confirm that the patient has been prepared for an anaesthetic by having received the prescribed premedication at the stated time and with no adverse effects and has abstained from food and drink for the required number of hours. The removal of dentures and recording the position of crowned and loose teeth is vital, and confirmation is sought that jewellery, contact lenses, and make-up

In vitro and in vivo studies of the ability of tetraethyl lead to inhibit cholinesterase activity

In vitro experiments show that tetraethyl lead does not affect cholinesterase activity. Transient biologically insignificant depression of plasma cholinesterase was observed in rhesus monkeys after intravenous administration of 12 mg tetraethyl lead/kg body weight. Doses greater than 19 mg/kg given intravenously were rapidly fatal, with signs of gastrointestinal disturbance, nervousness and incoordination. However, depression of circulating and brain cholinesterase could not be correlated with the onset of symptoms and death. These results do not support the use of 2-pyridine-aldoxime as an antidote for tetraethyl lead poisoning.

Neurotoxicity of adriamycin (Doxorubicin) perfused through the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the rhesus monkey

Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) was perfused through the ventriculo-cisternal (VC) and ventriculo-lumbar (VL) spaces of Rhesus monkeys at inflow concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 100 μg/ml at an average inflow rate of 128 μl/min for 190 min. Animals died or became moribund within 10 days following perfusion of Adriamycin within the range of inflow concentrations of 6.0 to 100 μg/ml. General neurotoxicity consisted of general body weakness, tremors, severe to slight hypokinesia (especially of the hindlimbs), and signs of excitation, nervousness, or depression after a perfusion. Other adverse responses were a significant decrease in water and food intake, mydriasis, and loss of the wink reflex in one or both eyes. With the exception of isolated instances, only trasient minor changes occurred in heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, body temperature, cortical EEG, opening ventricular pressure, CSF formation rate, and inulin clearance. Conditioned avoidance behavior was not significantly affected in otherwise normal animals; although, at times, motor deficits of the arms may have interfered with performance. In the brains of three monkeys perfused at 100, 12.5, or 6.0 μg/ml, there was a distinctive necrotizing angiopathy that was noninflammatory and for which it is difficult to find an exact parallel in human pathology. In view of the particular findings shown in this study, it is not recommended that this drug be administered intrathecally in man.