Signs Of Infection Research Articles

A Rare and Challenging Entity: Sino-Nasal Nk/T-Cell Lymphoma

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas are a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. They represent a diagnostic challenge due to their clinical presentation polymorphism and to the abundance of the necrotic tissues on biopsies. We report the case of a male patient that initially presented with chronic facial and palatine pain, associated to a palatine substance loss and a jugal edema on physical examination. Facial CT scan showed the lesion and its extension to the nasopharynx and association to multiple cervical lymph nodes. Initial biopsies have erred the diagnosis showing signs of a mycotic infection with no malignant cells. Considering the bad response to anti-fungal treatment, biopsies and radiological explorations were redone and were in favor of a NK/T-cell lymphoma. Locoregional and distant extensions of the disease were studied, showing an hepatic suspicious nodule and mediastinal lymph nodes. Then, the patient underwent sequential chemo and radiotherapy with a good response to treatment.

Uterine Sacculation With Entrapped Placenta After Delivery.

Uterine sacculation refers to a temporary pouch or sac within the uterus that may contain the placenta or fetal parts and that may be diagnosed antepartum or after delivery. There is very limited published information about this rare condition and its management. We report two cases of uterine sacculation with entrapped placenta diagnosed immediately postpartum, managed with two different approaches. In one case, the patient underwent immediate laparotomy and placental extraction. In the second case, the patient was managed conservatively but ultimately developed signs of infection and underwent laparotomy. Uterine sacculation with entrapped placenta is a rare condition that is a potential etiology of retained placenta. Obstetric clinicians should be aware of this diagnosis and the management strategies available.

CORNEAL INJURY AFTER BEING STRUCK BY A PIECE OF STONE - A CASE REPORT

Introduction : Corneal lacerations in oculi trauma are common, any disruption or trauma to the cornea will affect the person's visual acuity.
 Case Illustration : 50 years old man came to the eye clinic of Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar with pain, blurred vision, and redness in his left eye, The symptom appeared abruptly after a piece of stone struck his left eye where the stone penetration looks deep enough and touched the surface of the iris. Visual acuity of his left eye (VOS) was 6/60, and open globe injury suspicion was removed by seidel test negative. He underwent surgery for corpus alienum removal with local anesthesia. During the procedure, the stone appeared to be even with the corneal surface, making it difficult to pick it up directly, so the removal technique is to pry it from the edge. The wound is closed using the suture. One week after the procedure, the patient came for a re-evaluation examination; visual acuity was improved; VOS: 6/7.5, no sign of infection or complication.
 Discussion : The form of the corneal lacerations can vary, with or without globe rupture. To reduce the risk of infection, tissue necrosis, and anterior peripheral synechiae formation, it is suggested that repair should occur within 24 hours after injury. In addition, repairs within this time limit may also aim to provide comfort and reduce the pain that patients may experience.
 Conclusion : Immediate recognition and repair procedure of corneal injury in this patient brings good vision results with no complaints of complications.

Disturbances in the IgG Antibody Profile in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Associated with Maternal Factors.

Over the last 20 years, the incidence of vertical HIV transmission has decreased from 25%-42% to less than 1%. Although there are no signs of infection, the health of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants is notoriously affected during the first months of life, with opportunistic infections being the most common disease. Some studies have reported effects on the vertical transfer of antibodies, but little is known about the subclass distribution of these antibodies. We proposed to evaluate the total IgG concentration and its subclasses in HIV+ mothers and HEU pairs and to determine which maternal factors condition their levels. In this study, plasma from 69 HEU newborns, their mothers, and 71 control pairs was quantified via immunoassays for each IgG isotype. Furthermore, we followed the antibody profile of HEUs throughout the first year of life. We showed that mothers present an antibody profile characterized by high concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3 but reduced IgG2, and HEU infants are born with an IgG subclass profile similar to that of their maternal pair. Interestingly, this passively transferred profile could remain influenced even during their own antibody production in HEU infants, depending on maternal conditions such as CD4+ T-cell counts and maternal antiretroviral treatment. Our findings indicate that HEU infants exhibit an altered IgG subclass profile influenced by maternal factors, potentially contributing to their increased susceptibility to infections.

Effect of carbohydrates on the adhesion of Bordetella bronchiseptica to the respiratory epithelium in rabbits

AbstractThis study proposes an ecological approach for preventing respiratory tract infections caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in mammals using a mixture of carbohydrates. In an in vivo study, 51-day-old New Zealand rabbits were treated with a solution containing 1 × 107 CFUs of B. bronchiseptica and 250 μg of one of the following carbohydrates: N acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), N acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), alpha methyl mannose (AmeMan), alpha methyl glucose (AmeGlc) and sialic acid (Neu5AC). Positive (B. bronchiseptica) and negative (Physiological Saline Solution (PSS)) controls were included. Animals treated with GlcNAc or AmeGlc showed no clinical signs of infection and exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the severity of microscopic lesions evaluated in the nasal cavity and lung compared with the positive controls. Additionally, the presence of bacteria was not detected through microbiological isolation or PCR in the lungs of animals treated with these sugars. Use of a mixture of GlcNAc and AmeGlc resulted in greater inhibition of microscopic lesions, with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the severity of these lesions compared to the results obtained using individual sugars. Furthermore, the bacterium was not detected through microbiological isolation, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) in this group.

Influence of Microbiota on Clinical Expressions of Respiratory Viral Infections.

Respiratory infections, mainly due to viruses, are among the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. We investigated the prevalence of viruses and bacteria in a cross-sectional survey conducted in Dielmo, a village in rural Senegal with a population of 481 inhabitants. Nasopharyngeal sampling was performed in 50 symptomatic subjects and 101 asymptomatic subjects. Symptomatic subjects were defined as individuals presenting with clinical signs of respiratory infection, whereas asymptomatic subjects were recruited in the same households. The identification of pathogens was performed by polymerase chain reaction for 18 respiratory viruses and eight respiratory bacteria. The prevalence results for respiratory viruses detected in each study group demonstrated that 83.6% of symptomatic samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus, and 21.8% were detected in asymptomatic samples. Influenza A (P = 0.0001), metapneumovirus (P = 0.04), and enterovirus (P = 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in symptomatic patients. Overall, 82.0% of symptomatic subjects and 26.9% of asymptomatic subjects were positive for at least one respiratory bacterium. The most frequent pathogenic bacteria detected were Moraxella catarrhalis (56%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (48.0%) among symptomatic individuals, whereas in asymptomatic subjects Corynebacterium propinquum was more prevalent (18%). A principal component analysis showed that parainfluenzas 2 and 4 were associated with asymptomatic subjects, whereas influenza A was associated with the presence of symptoms. Considering these results, a large epidemiological surveillance of the circulation of these respiratory pathogens in the general population should be conducted to provide a better understanding of their carriage and to potentially prevent epidemics.

Ulcerative tumour-like disease of white fir in the Pokuttia Carpathians

The current state of dark coniferous forests on Earth is a bio-indicator of global environmental change, in particular, the process of gradual degradation of tree species of the genera Pine, Spruce and Fir, due to the negative impact of anthropogenic activities, abiotic and biotic factors. The purpose of the study is to establish the symptoms, prevalence and harmfulness of the causative agent of ulcerative tumour-like disease on the shoots and trunks of white fir. The research was conducted on the territory of the forest fund of the Pokuttia Carpathians, in particular, within the branch Kutske forestry of the State Specialised Economic Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” in the Kosivske forest enterprise. The study uses classical phytopathological and mycological methods, which are used to investigate the aetiology of the disease, analyse typical symptoms (starting from the early stages), and perform microscopy of the affected parts of fir. The symptoms, aetiology, and pathogenesis of white fir ulcer-like disease, which tends to spread, were investigated. A new name for the disease is substantiated, in particular, it is proposed to use the name “ulcerative tumour-like disease” of fir instead of the current name “cancer”. It is shown that a typical sign of infection is the development of tumours, which eventually transform into ulcers. It was found that the tumour-like type of lesion prevails on the undergrowth of fir, and on plants of the upper tiers – ulcerative. It is noted that a typical sign of ulcerative tumour-like disease of white fir is also the presence of pathologies such as “witches’ broom”. It is proposed to remove affected trees with typical signs of infection with ulcerative tumour-like disease to reduce the infectious background, especially during lighting and cleaning, since affected trees are not released from infection. Therefore, assessing the risk of infection of white fir trees with ulcerative tumour-like disease at the level of specific stands and ensuring an appropriate response to potential infection risks is an important part of sustainable forest management

Improved 18S rDNA profiling of parasite communities in salmonid tissues using a host blocking primer

Sensitive screening of eukaryotic communities in aquaculture for research and management is limited by the availability of technologies that can detect invading pathogens in an unbiased manner. Amplicon sequencing of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) provides a potential pan-diagnostic test to overcome these biases; however, this technique is limited by a swamping effect of host DNA on low abundance parasite DNA. In this study, we have adapted a host 18S rDNA blocking assay to amplify eukaryotic DNA from salmonid tissue for amplicon sequencing. We demonstrate that effective salmonid 18S rDNA blocking enables sensitive detection of parasite genera in salmonid gill swabs. Furthermore, 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing with host blocking identified enriched pathogen communities in gill swabs from Atlantic salmon suffering from severe clinical gill infections compared to those exhibiting no clinical signs of gill infection. Application of host 18S rDNA blocking in salmonid samples led to improved detection of the amoebic parasite Neoparamoeba perurans, a parasite of significant threat to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. These results reveal host 18S rDNA blocking as an effective strategy to improve the profiling and detection of parasitic communities in aquaculture species. This assay can be readily adapted to any animal species for improved eukaryotic profiling across agricultural and veterinary industries.

Report of <i>Maruca vitrata</i> (F) Nucleopolyhedrovirus

This study explores the potential of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) as a sustainable solution for managing legume pod borer Maruca vitrata (F). Distinctive signs of viral infection, such as suspended deceased larvae on cowpea leaves, and virus spread have been observed. Microscopic examination reveals characteristic polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs), confirming MaviNPV as the causative agent. Symptoms, including decreased activity and mortality in younger larvae, larval-pupal intermediates and deformed pupae have been observed. Reproductive disruption is evident through the absence of an egg mass and discharge of fluid from emerged adults. Bioassay results highlight age-dependent susceptibility, with higher mortality in early instars.

Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 In SARS-COV-2 Vaccine Trial Screening Participants

Introduction We conducted a Phase I SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial in March 2022. During the screening, we identified a significant number of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases among the candidate participants. We aimed to highlight the clinical characteristics among these asymptomatic individuals as compared to subjects negative for SARS-CoV-2. Methods This observational study was conducted during participant screening for a Phase I SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial in Jepara and Mranggen districts in Central Java, Semarang, Indonesia. Participants who reported no symptoms associated with COVID-19, confirmed by physical examinations, were included. Data on laboratory markers were documented. An asymptomatic case was defined as showing no clinical symptoms and signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result. Individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 were included for comparison. A chi-square test was employed to assess the differences between the two groups, with a p-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results A total of 219 participants were screened and included. One hundred and six participants (48.4%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, with mean Ct values of 28.29 +/- 6.74 for the helicase gene. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, physical examination, and laboratory findings (p-value >0.05) among individuals with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion In our vaccine trial screening phase, almost half were ineligible due to having asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, it is necessary that people with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection still need to be concerned because they have the same transmission potential.

Vaginal candida infection is associated with host molecular signatures of neutrophil activation in the adjacent ectocervical mucosa in Kenyan sex workers

AbstractProblemOvergrowth of candida species in the human vaginal mucosa causes inflammation, which could render the mucosal barrier more susceptible to HIV infection. Here, we investigated whether this condition also affects the ectocervical mucosa, a potential site of HIV entry, in women at high risk of HIV infection.Method of studyRetrospective medical data and ectocervical tissue samples were obtained from a cohort of Kenyan sex workers. Among 108 women, seven had signs of vaginal candida infection by wet smear microscopy and/or the presence of characteristic discharge. Women lacking these two criteria served as controls. Host transcriptomic profiling and quantitative in situ image analysis of epithelial barrier markers and CD4+ cell distribution were performed.ResultsThe candida group had 162 differentially expressed genes out of 15 435 genes as compared with the control group. Among these 162 genes, 147 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Gene expression pathway analysis indicated associations with an upregulated inflammatory response, defined primarily by markers of neutrophil activation. Transcription factor analysis revealed upregulation of pathways related to RELA/REL/NFKB1, JUN and STAT1 in the candida group. In situ image analysis of ectocervical tissue samples showed no differences between groups in terms of epithelial height, expression of epithelial junction proteins (E‐cadherin, claudin‐1, zonula occludens 1, and desmoglein‐1), or epithelial CD4+ cell distribution.ConclusionsVaginal candida infection was associated with inflammation and neutrophil infiltration, but not with severe epithelial disruption or CD4+ cell infiltration, in the ectocervical mucosa.

Crisis classifications in mobility: Reporting the first COVID death in Taiwan

Crisis classifications are integral to COVID-19 press conferences. During the initial outbreak of the pandemic, public health officials classified the crisis status of the community. Depending on the status assigned, the community faced various consequences such as lockdowns and travel restrictions. This study traces Taiwanese health officials’ classification practices across temporal orders and participation frameworks. I call this successive link of discursive practices ‘crisis classifications in mobility’ to elucidate the processes of category production and dissemination. The mobility moved from uncertainty to certainty as health officials and journalists negotiated whether the first death of COVID-19 constituted a sign of community infection or community spread. Officials deployed metadiscourse to render some categories mobile and others immobile. Journalists used metadiscourse to push forward candidate categories and animate conflicting accounts given by local experts and a global superpower. Classifications in mobility capture these challenges of deconstructing and reconstructing categories in building public consensus.

Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. Starting in December 2010, RSV monoclonal antibody (RSV mAb) was endorsed by Taiwan National Health Insurance and given to children with prematurity and/or congenital heart diseases, which are considered high-risk factors for severe RSV diseases. Investigating other important contributing risk factors is warranted. We conducted a cohort study at National Taiwan University Hospital to determine the rate of severe outcomes among children hospitalized due to RSV infection from 2008 to 2018. Adjusted for age, sex and birth cohorts born before and after RSV mAb endorsement, we identified risk factors for severe RSV infection, defined as the requirement of invasive ventilator support. There were 1985 admissions due to RSV infections. Among them, 66 patients (3.3%) had severe RSV infection. The proportion of severe RSV infections decreased significantly after RSV mAb endorsement. Multivariable analysis revealed that age <1.5 months and cardiovascular and congenital/genetic diseases were high-risk underlying conditions. In addition, bacterial coinfections, elevated creatinine levels and initial abnormal chest radiograph findings posed warning signs for severe RSV infection. Children younger than 1.5 months of age with cardiovascular or congenital/genetic diseases were predisposed to severe RSV infection and might benefit from RSV mAb prophylaxis.

Mandibular Fracture following Dental Implant Protocol: Clinical Report and One-Year Follow-Up

Bone fractures following mandibular dental implant protocols associated with diagnosed osteoporosis are rare in the literature. We present a case in which a 55-year-old male patient with no previous medical history presented to the emergency department with pain in the left mandibular parasymphysis and gingival bleeding. Clinical examination revealed crepitus, mandibular mobility, and clinical signs of localized fracture and infection. Further radiographs confirmed a mandibular fracture in the region of the alveolus of tooth 34 and four implants placed in the mandible as part of the patient’s immediate implant protocol. The infection developed into osteomyelitis, which was treated with a combination of antibiotics. After the infectious process had been eradicated, new complementary tests were carried out, which revealed that the patient had osteoporosis. Oral rehabilitation treatment and calcium replacement were carried out under specialist medical supervision. The importance of proper planning and clinical assessment of the patient is discussed, and the proposed long-term management of the case has been carried out.

P604 Exploring the role of chest X-ray in latent tuberculosis screening in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Background Patients being treated with biologics or JAK inhibitors have an increased reactivation risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and this is associated with a more severe infective course. Current ECCO guidance recommends the screening for LTBI by a combination of patient clinical data and epidemiological factors, chest X-ray (CXR), and tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) prior to starting immunosuppressive treatment. The evidence supporting CXR is categorized at evidence level 5, and information on its use in screening for LTBI originates from two decades ago. Apart from radiation exposure, a single posterior-anterior view has limited diagnostic capabilities. This study aims to determine the relation between CXR findings and IGRA test results in patients undergoing LTBI screening before commencing immunosuppressive therapy for Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in a low-risk population. Methods This is a retrospective analysis whereby IBD patients (≥16 years) on biologics or JAK inhibitors were identified from our local database. The clinical data, epidemiological, CXR and IGRA result were then analysed from the electronic case records. The IGRA test used was the QuantiFERON-TB Gold. Results A total of 356 patients were included in the study, with 58.7% (n=209) being male. Among these patients, the majority had Crohn's disease (66.6%, n=236), 30.1% (n=109) had ulcerative colitis, and the remaining 2.8% were classified as having IBD-unclassified. Most patients (97.1%) had been exposed to anti-TNF alpha medications and 13.2% were exposed to multiple biologicals. The mean age of IBD diagnosis was 30.3 years (SD+/-15.7). None of the patients had any clinical suggestion nor any evidence for exposure to TB. None of the CXRs performed revealed any radiological signs of prior TB infection. 93.8% (n=334) of the IGRA results were negative and 4.2% (n=15) were categorized as indeterminate. Among those with indeterminate results, 66.7% (n=10) were undergoing corticosteroid treatment for active disease. The remaining 2.0% (n=7) had a positive IGRA test and were treated for LTBI.None of these patients had TB reactivation when then treated with biologicals. Conclusion This research highlights that performing routinely a CXR in individuals with a negative IGRA offers little to no benefit, and subjects patients to unnecessary radiation. It also demonstrates the importance of conducting the IGRA test early, before initiating any immunosuppressive treatment. Furthermore, in patients with a negative IGRA, if chest imaging is required for screening purposes, opting for an ultra-low dose CT might be more prudent than a CXR, as it visualises the lungs better and the radiation exposure is not substantially different.

Cloned Foal Born from Postmortem-Obtained Ear Sample Refrigerated for 5 Days Before Fibroblast Isolation and Decontamination of the Infected Monolayer Culture.

A 6-year-old mare, a valuable polo horse, died of complications following postcolic surgery. To preserve its genetics, ear skin samples were collected immediately after death and stored in an equine embryo transfer medium at 4°C for 5 days. After trypsin digestion, monolayer fibroblast cultures were established, but signs of massive bacterial infection were found in all of them. As an ultimate attempt for rescue, rigorously and repeatedly washed cells were individually cultured in all wells of four 96-well dishes. New monolayers were established from the few wells without contamination and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Four of the six Day 7 blastocysts derived from 14 reconstructed zygotes were transferred in four naturally cycling mares on Day 5 after ovulation. The embryo transfers resulted in 2 pregnancies, one from a fresh and one from a vitrified blastocyst. The vitrified embryo transfer resulted in a healthy offspring, now 21 months old, genetically and phenotypically identical to the somatic cell donor animal.

First Record of Phoretic Mite from Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugiuneus (Olivier,1790) from Basrah, Southern Iraq

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790), which belongs to the family Curculionidae, order Coleoptera, is one of the most important palm pests, which leads to heavy losses in date palms. In the last few years, it has been recorded in Iraq, from Safwan city south of Iraq, where it was detected on date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L, Arecales: Arecaceae). In the current study, specimens of adult weevils were collected from infested date palms (Phoenix dactylifera), that showed signs of infection in Safwan district, south of Basra province. The results of the investigation showed the presence of phoretic mites associated with the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790). Two genera of Uropodid mites, deutonymph, were attached by anal pedicel to body parts of adult red palm weevils. They were collected and identified as Centrouropoda (Uropodidae), and Uroovbovella (Urodinychidae), according to accurate taxonomic keys. The differentiation between two genera of mites was studied. The deutonymphs were examined and photographed by an AM Scop camera installed on a light microscope, and the insects were photographed by a LEICA microscope. The infestation symptoms were illustrated with pictures.

Сontemporary approaches to the treatment of acute bronchitis: benefits of herbal medicine

Acute bronchitis (AB) is an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract of predominantly viral etiology, the leading clinical symptom of which is a cough (usually productive), lasting no more than 2 weeks, in combination with characteristic signs of infection of the lower respiratory tract. OB is one of the most pressing problems of modern pulmonology, which is associated with a high incidence, reaching 30–40% annually. According to the results of epidemiological studies, OB is one of the most common reasons for patients seeking medical care in outpatient practice. In children, the incidence of OB in the Russian Federation averages 75–250 per 1000 per year, which is approximately 100 times higher than the incidence of pneumonia. According to the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in the treatment of OB, in the vast majority of cases, the prescription of antibiotics is unjustified. For patients with OB who have a productive cough, it is recommended to prescribe mucoactive drugs to thin and improve sputum expectoration. Herbal medicine traditionally occupies an important place in the treatment of cough. To date, the most convincing evidence base has been obtained for combination preparations, including extracts of thyme herbs, ivy leaves and primrose roots. One of the most studied and effective herbal medicines for the treatment of acute bronchitis is the drug Bronchipret. The active ingredients of Bronchipret (syrup) are standardized extracts: liquid thyme herb extract and liquid ivy leaf extract; those of Bronchipret TP (film-coated tablets) are dry thyme herb extract and dry primrose root extract. Using this combination allows achieving maximum effectiveness due to a synergistic effect of the active ingredients used.

New Approaches to Etiotropic Therapy of ARVI Patients with Riamilovir

Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of Riamilovir in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection using several dosage regimens of the drug.Material and Methods. The clinical efficacy and safety of Riamilovir were evaluated based on the results of a study, that included 150 patients in three comparative groups, 50 patients each. The research groups received etiotropic antiviral therapy with 1 capsule (250 mg) of Riamilovir 3 times per day for 5 days in the first group; in the second group, patients received Riamilovir off-label — 1 capsule (250 mg) 5 times per day for 5 days; and the third group included 50 patients who received only pathogenetic treatment.Results. As a result of the study, Riamilovir demonstrated a high safety profile regardless of the dosage regimen; no adverse events were registered. It was shown that Riamilovir use, regardless of the dosage regimen, led to a statistically significant reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment. It should be noted that the shortest periods of hospitalization were observed in patients who received the studied drug at increased daily dosages. Riamilovir was found to reduce the duration and severity of general infectious signs of the disease, while complete elimination of ARVI pathogens occurred by the 6th day of hospitalization; the shortest total duration of fever and a number of respiratory tract syndromes was registered among patients receiving Riamilovir at a daily dose of 1250 mg for 5 days.Conclusion. The etiotropic antiviral drug Riamilovir has shown clinical efficacy when used in both treatment regimens in patients with acute respiratory viral infections, as well as a good safety profile.

Flu in children: Clinical, laboratory indicators and cytokine profile parameters

Introduction. Respiratory diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of pathology of childhood. The proportion of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections among all infectious diseases is 90 %. The literature describes gender differences in the immune response to respiratory infections in children, but there is a gap in the description of the cytokine profile in children with influenza depending on gender and age.The aim. To analyze clinical and laboratory parameters as well as cytokine profile parameters in children with influenza.Materials and methods. A single-stage descriptive study was conducted with the participation of 50 children from 1 to 11 years of age with a diagnosis of influenza who were on inpatient treatment at the Irkutsk Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital from December 2018 to January 2019. The clinical and laboratory features of the course of influenza in children, the duration of treatment were determined. The concentration of cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon alpha and gamma (INF-α, INF-γ) in blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using diagnostic test systems manufactured by Vector-Best (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) on the analyzer Multiscan EX (Thermo Electron, Germany).The control group consisted of practically healthy children without signs of acute respiratory viral infection (n = 50; mean age 5.3 ± 2.6 years).Results. When comparing clinical and laboratory data and cytokine profile parameters in children with influenza, no gender differences were found. There was a statistically significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, INF-α, as well as CRP, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in influenza in all age categories, in contrast to the control group (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion. Influenza in children of different sexes proceeds classically without a statistical difference in clinical and laboratory parameters and in the level of cytokines.