Signs Of Inequality Research Articles

The comparative evaluation of accessibility of stomatological care for municipal and rural population of the Belgorod Oblast

At the actual stage of becoming of Russian stomatology, the problem of sustainable development of rural stomatological care, as system of local formations of complex medical social nature belongs to national priorities and is considered as one of most important directions of public social policy. The stomatological health of rural population is to be considered as indicator of national stomatological health. This is confirmed by spatial structure: rural territories (inhabited territories outside cities) cover 2/3 of territory of the Russian Federation with population of 37.3 million or 1/4 of total population. The spatial structure of the Belgorod Oblast is reliably similar to the all-Russian one. The number of national and foreign studies proved that accessibility, quality and timeliness of insurance (state) stomatology is lower for rural residents that can be considered as one of signs of social inequality. Depending on the social economic status of region, signs of social inequality in the stomatology field are conditioned by broad spectrum of factors. Some of them are discussed in the article.

Charitable assets: social outcomes, financial values, and the new, nonprofit funding regime

ABSTRACT Amidst growing signs of inequality, poverty, and marginalization, there have been calls for a new approach to funding the social sector organizations tasked with addressing these challenges. Rather than paying for services, governments and philanthropists are being encouraged to fund programs based on their ‘outcomes.’ This paper explores this growing movement around ‘outcomes-based funding’ (OBF) suggesting that outcomes in this context embody a distinctly financial logic and reflect an effort to turn the work of charities and nonprofits into a type of pseudo asset. The paper teases out these dynamics and their implications based on one particular form of OBF, the social impact bond, a financial instrument which uses private capital to fund social programs and calculates returns based on program outcomes. While SIBs have struggled as a market, the operations underlying these projects and informing the production of outcomes as investable assets have been carried forward into non-SIB work informing flows of public and philanthropic capital and embodying the practices of the larger OBF ecosystem. As a window into the new, outcomes-based nonprofit funding regime, the paper offers a unique lens and set of critical tools for exploring the relationship between capital, the social sector, and poverty governance.

Review of 1.75 million referrals over 34 months identifies the disruptive impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on oral surgery care in England: a service evaluation.

Aims This study aimed to use electronic referral management system (eRMS) oral surgery data across multiple sites in England to evaluate the service over a 34-month period in relation to: 1) pre- and post-pandemic referral rates in oral surgery; 2) examining the data for signs of inequality in obtaining a referral for oral surgery; and 3) considering the impact on service provision for oral surgery in England.Methods Oral surgery referral data were available from an eRMS for areas of England covered by this service for the 34-month period of March 2019 to December 2021 (inclusive), which included 12 months of pre-pandemic data and the first 22 months of the pandemic. The data were from the following regions in England: Central Midlands; Cheshire and Merseyside; East Anglia and Essex; Greater Manchester; Lancashire; Thames Valley; and Yorkshire and the Humber.Results The total number of referrals received was 1,766,895 during this 34-month period, with pre-pandemic referral levels averaging at 25,498 per month, with a reduction to 698 per month in April 2020. Referrals have risen to a peak of 217,646 for the month of November 2021. An average of 1.5% of referrals were rejected pre-pandemic, compared with 2.7% per month post-pandemic.Discussion Pre-pandemic referral numbers were predictably stable within a narrow range which have then increased dramatically post-pandemic. The variations in oral surgery referral patterns place significant strain on oral surgery services across England. This not only has consequences on the patient experience, but also on workforce and workforce development, to ensure that there is not a long-term destabilising impact.Conclusion Analysis of 1.75 million referrals to oral surgery services in England has highlighted the ongoing impact of the pandemic and the need to actively minimise adverse impacts on patients, NHS services and the workforce.

People and politics: Urban climate resilience in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

The rapid growth Cambodia has experienced over the past two decades has resulted in a dramatic transformation of its built environment, in particular, its largest city, Phnom Penh. The shape this urban development has taken echoes that of many developing countries whose urban landscape features gleaming skyscrapers, apartment buildings, and edge-city projects spread across a rapidly expanding urban area. Such a pattern of urbanization is occurring in Phnom Penh while the city faces increased flooding, lack of adequate urban infrastructure, and vulnerability to impacts of climate change. At the same time, embedded within national policy discourses of climate change and social/economic planning, and backed by international donors, are calls for strengthening or developing resilience. Yet, in the city there are signs of land dispossession, marginalization, inequality, and exacerbated poverty. In parallel to high-level discourses of urban resilience, on the ground there have been “everyday forms of resilience” that show how people enact and build resilience through collective action and advocacy for the rights of the urban poor. In reconciling this dichotomy, we argue that the continued reproduction of a technocratic-focused discourse on resilience in Cambodia by national and international actors overshadows the everyday contestations, strategies and resilience-making practices of people in urban areas. Through three examples, we showcase the varying ways in which these contestations and strategies occur in, and despite, an environment of suppression, and how they are challenging the status quo. In doing so, we shed light not only on the politics of resilience but, more importantly, the implications of the political agendas that ultimately contribute to exacerbating vulnerabilities of urban residents, even as calls continue for increased urban “resilience.”

Effectiveness of Financial Inclusion and Rural Upliftment: Empirical Evidence from Tamil Nadu

Financial inclusion is the process of confirming access to financial services and adequate credit at timely, wherever required by vulnerable groups such as low income groups and weaker sections at a reasonable cost. Financial inclusion programme primarily emphasizes on offering secured financial solutions to the underprivileged segments of India without any signs of inequality and unbiased treatment. The main objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness of financial inclusion and rural upliftment with empirical evidence from Tamil Nadu. This research study is descriptive in nature, and target audiences are residing in Tamil Nadu region. Secondly, the sample size of this study represents 480 citizens, and the sampling method adopted is non-probability sampling using judgmental sampling method which is used for the target population. The Likert five-point rating scale questions are used for collecting the data through structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that the intensity of financial inclusion has improved over the years across different districts of Tamil Nadu but majority of districts still fall under the medium inclusion in rural area category. In this research study, it is suggested that financial inclusion generates economic progress and prosperity that drive activities among standard of living increasing across all segments of the society. This result shows that financial inclusion programme is potential and capable to transform the face of the state Tamil Nadu and it travels continuously towards upliftment of each and every individual without a doubt. The future research may consider more dimensions of financial inclusion like perception, engagement, empowerment of citizens and comparative study on different financial inclusion schemes at different regions, as this study is restricted to only (rural upliftment) financial inclusion.

Digital consumption innovation, socio-economic factors and low-carbon consumption: Empirical analysis based on China

Digital consumption innovation (DCI) provides an opportunity for the low-carbon transformation of daily consumption activities. However, the social inequality generated by the social-technical system will bring huge obstacles to the low-carbon consumption transformation. Scholars have studied the carbon emission reduction potential brought by DCI, but they have not paid attention to social inequality. The demand hierarchy of daily consumption activities reflects social inequality, providing a new perspective for the study of social inequality in low-carbon consumption. Therefore, we divided consumption activities into survival, development and luxury according to demand hierarchy, taking DCI as the core independent variable, and socio-economic factors as the control variable into the order logistics model to analyze its direct and interactive effects on low-carbon consumption, and further explore social inequality based on the above results. This study shows that DCI improves the low-carbon level of residents' survival and development consumption activities, but reduces the low-carbon level of luxury consumption activities. The driving force of low-carbon consumption is different between urban and rural areas. Urban residents are actively produced by environmental protection awareness, while rural residents are passively formed under the influence of economic conditions. Education and income are signs of social inequality. Residents with low education and high income tend to be green in survival consumption activities, but luxury consumption activities tend to be high-carbon. DCI increases social inequality, and the social inequality of urban residents conforms to the stratification hypothesis, while the social inequality of rural residents complies with the standardization hypothesis and the stratification hypothesis. The research results are conducive to increasing the positive impact of DCI and reducing social inequality, and provide a scientific and reasonable policy entry point for the transition of low-carbon consumption.

Human Rights: From Theory to Politics

The article addresses human rights from the perspectives of defining their conceptual foundations, considering them as an element of geopolitics and a context-oriented approach to ensuring them. The recognition of the dignity of the human person — the main thing, on what is based the concept of human rights. The idea of human dignity manifests itself in the equal status of each person and is expressed in the fact that at birth each person becomes a member of the corporate body of humanity. From this point of view, any attempt to deprive a person of his “innate” corporate identity as a member of humanity is precisely what constitutes a violation of human rights. At the same time, practice should be separated from rhetoric. At the level of political practice, the history of human rights, as in the time of Locke, retains all the signs of social inequality, remains the history of drawing the boundaries of the rights of some social groups, strata and peoples at the expense of limiting others. Identifying the essence of human rights with Western culture denies the possibility for other cultures to have the same rights. Affirming that those who are not part of Western culture are excluded from the human rights radar. Accordingly, the most productive approach in the theory and practice of ensuring human rights is the context-oriented approach, which involves representatives of different cultures in the dialogue, who do not necessarily share the same understanding of human rights ethics, acting as a context-dependent universality.

OLIGARCHIZATION OF SOCIETY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF INEQUALITY OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE AND AS A SOURCE OF SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS IN SOCIETY

The article briefly presents the material on the theoretical justification and general features of the phenomenon of oligarchization of Ukrainian society and the problem of inequality of the population of Ukraine, its essence, causes and consequences, as well as inequality as a source of socio-psychological tension. The main signs of social inequality are known to be differences in property, power and status. To one degree or another, these features are reflected in the socioclass structure of society, which fixes the inequality in relations between social groups, up to the individual. In connection with socio-political and socio-economic inequality, there are significant differences in lifestyle, culture, psychology of social groups and individuals. Social actions aimed at creating material and spiritual values, their exchange and distribution, inevitably lead to tensions between social groups, and under certain conditions – to open conflict. It can be argued that the levels of hidden (latent) and open social tension (people’s opinions, discussion of pressing issues, open protests) in modern Ukrainian society are quite high, clearly defined trends to further increase. In this regard, there is a logical conclusion, which many scientists come to: with the deterioration of the social situation in the country, increasing social tensions can lead to a sharp (abrupt) increase in the number of obvious signs of socio-psychological tension and its development towards pre-crisis and then and crisis.

Визуальная семиотика неравенства в структуре архитектурного текста

The article is devoted to the consideration of the architectural environment as a form of materialization of social existence. It is noted that the architectural text of a large city contains special subject and spatial inclusions – loci of power. The article focuses on the relations of topological segregation – the disproportionate distribution of structural elements in the space of a populated place. This is a set of obstacles in choosing a place, and at the same time a condition for the formation of a social hierarchy of urban spaces. Methods. In the course of the work, the problem and thematic, structural and functional and comparative and historical methods to identify basic concepts of architectural spaces of power were applied. Results. It is shown that social inequality and topological segregation occur in the city in a “natural” way, since it embodies various facets of inequality inherent in society. The typology of constantly reproducible principles of organization of architectural objects and spaces of power such as monumentality, static character, conciseness, verticality, hierarchy, the presence of a central structure, tradition, consistency, syncretism is clarified. It is shown that the emerging signs of inequality, embodied in architectural and urban planning decisions, participate in the formation of the social structure, reproduce and transform its value and semantic content. The basic principles of the organization of architectural objects and spaces of power are considered. Models for implementing these principles in the process of creating new loci of power are proposed. It is concluded that the hypothesis put forward by the authors that loci of power are the spatial embodiment of complex mechanisms for maintaining the dynamic balance of the social system is confirmed by the results of research on the semiotics of inequality in the structure of the architectural text.

Sexual Minority Young Adults’ Construction of Workplace Acceptance in the Era of Diversity and Inclusion

In the United States, an increasing number of people have come to express support for sexual minorities in recent decades, and more employers have implemented policies that protect sexual minority workers’ rights. Yet, heteronormativity remains in many workplaces. Considering this ambivalent social context, we examined the extent to which sexual minorities today see their workplaces as accepting and how they develop such a perception. We used a symbolic interaction framework to analyze data from in-depth interviews with 50 sexual minority young adults. The analysis revealed a general tendency among respondents to describe their workplaces as accepting. They used several strategies to feel accepted, including interpreting colleagues’ behaviors positively, creating dramatic narratives of key events, drawing on existing knowledge about the industry, and overlooking potential microaggressions. We use these results to discuss how minority individuals derive a sense of acceptance in contemporary social institutions, which emphasize the importance of diversity and inclusion but show signs of persistent inequality.

Environmental inequality in Austria: do inhabitants’ socioeconomic characteristics differ depending on their proximity to industrial polluters?

This is the first study to examine the existence of environmental inequality related to industrial facilities in Austria. Using distance-based methods, socioeconomic characteristics of inhabitants living in 1.0 km buffer zones around the 247 polluters registered in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Registry are compared with those of inhabitants living elsewhere in Austria. While in Vienna no clear signs of environmental inequality can be found, in the rest of Austria people living in close vicinity to industrial sites are more often unemployed, have lower education levels and most notably, are twice as likely to be immigrants. Moreover, a logistic regression shows that the disparities concerning immigrants cannot solely be explained by other socioeconomic characteristics. The results of this study add to the evidentiary base concerning environmental justice disparities in Europe and suggests how application of distance-based methods can facilitate cross-national comparisons.

Signs of Inequality? Variations in Providing Home Health Care Across Care Organizations and Across European Countries in the IBenC Study.

Most countries aim to allocate home health care to those in need in a fair and equal way. Equal allocation implies that the amount of home care a person receives would reflect the level of health impairment and the need for resources. It is not clear whether countries succeed in attaining this. Our objective was to explore signs of (un)equal home health care provisioning across care organizations and across European health countries. We used data of the IBenC study collected from 2718 older community care recipients from 33 organizations in 6 Western European countries (www.ibenc.eu). We benchmarked differences of provided and expected formal care time across organizations and countries. Expected formal care hours were estimated by multiplying the overall sample’s mean formal hours with recipients’ case mix weights from interRAI’s resources utilization group profiles. We found substantial variations in provided formal care time among organizations both within and across countries that could not be explained by the case mix differences of recipients. This implied presence of inequality of home care provisioning. These findings may alert professionals and policy makers striving for equal home health care provisioning for dependent older persons.

Феномен гендерного неравенства как фактор карьерного капитала женщины: постановка проблемы

A woman’s career begins with the choice of a professional path and advances with life-long learning, but her success can be impeded by gender asymmetry. Despite changes in working conditions, legal norms, and social policy, the gender gap is consistently reproduced, leading to “stalled progress.” Our analysis of literature showed that the search for subtle, yet resilient mechanisms responsible for the reproduction of gender inequality in Russian companies will be most efficient if it is based on the following theoretical concepts: 1) the “gendered organisations” approach, which differs distinctly from other methods and allows researchers to analyse gender inequality on both the structural and the regulatory level; 2) on the concepts of career capital and social capital, which enable us to synthesize individual and structural levels of analysis; 3) on the model of “a creative organization” and upon investigating the consequences of gender inequality for the development of both an individual working woman and the organisation as a whole. In Russia, studies of gender inequality that apply current approaches are seldom carried out; many researchers rely on the “gender role approach”, which is considered outdated by the global scientific community. The theoretical analysis also allowed the authors to formulate two hypotheses for further empirical testing: 1 — a working woman includes gender in the attributes that are important for career advancement; and 2 — an organisation is perceived as less creative if its employees observe the signs of gender inequality in its structure and operations. It is suggested that a social psychological model of career success factors for a working woman should include, on the one hand, the organizational context (informal structure, norms and regulations, etc.), and on the other — individual social strategies (including strategies that use career capital to eliminate gender inequality). It is concluded that key mechanisms for gender inequality reproduction are the mechanisms associated with social capital and its development, which have not been sufficiently investigated.

Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Assets, Incomes and Food Security of Rural Households in Ghana, Senegal and Liberia

This article compares and examines the relationships among agricultural assets, incomes and food security in rural communities of Ghana, Senegal, and Liberia. A total of 1483 rural households were surveyed and data on agricultural endeavors, incomes and food security were collected. The analyses of incomes and agricultural assets show signs of high inequality of resource distribution. In addition, facets of food insecurity were observed among the surveyed households. The study used a multivariate logistic model, then evaluated how agricultural assets affect the food security status of rural households in Ghana, Senegal and Liberia distinctly. Overall, the results show several similarities at country level, but disparities were also noted. In particular, the study outlined significant relationships between technology assets and the food security status of rural households in Ghana and Senegal. However, the logistic model did not show any statistically significant relationship with the rural households surveyed in Liberia. This paradigm suggests critical inter-regional dissimilarities which the study discussed by emphasizing relevant socio-economic features at the country level.

An outline of recent studies on the Nigerian Nok culture

Until recently the Nigerian Nok Culture had primarily been known for its terracotta sculptures and the existence of iron metallurgy, providing some of the earliest evidence for artistic sculpting and iron working in sub-Saharan Africa. Research was resumed in 2005 to understand the Nok Culture phenomenon, employing a holistic approach in which the sculptures and iron metallurgy remain central, but which likewise covers other archaeological aspects including chronology, settlement patterns, economy, and the environment as key research themes. In the beginning of this endeavour the development of social complexity during the duration of the Nok Culture constituted a focal point. However, after nearly ten years of research and an abundance of new data the initial hypothesis can no longer be maintained. Rather than attributes of social complexity like signs of inequality, hierarchy, nucleation of settlement systems, communal and public monuments, or alternative African versions of complexity discussed in recent years, it has become apparent that the Nok Culture, no matter which concept is followed, developed complexity only in terms of ritual. Relevant information and arguments for the transition of the theoretical background are provided here.

Entre el miedo y el derecho al delirio: un decir desde los ninguneados de Eduardo Galeano

<p>Este artículo presenta una reflexión desde un recorrido lector y escritural de la obra del escritor uruguayo Eduardo Galeano (1940-2015), en la cual los <em>ninguneados </em>como personajes de creación literaria son la fuente que anuncia las condiciones de la vida moderna con sus signos de desigualdad y miedo. Pero también, en condición sensible de posibilidad, <em>el derecho al delirio </em>como abandono y resistencia a las marcas infligidas por los discursos y actos omniabarcantes y totalitarios, resultado de la crisis de civilización a la que asistimos. El artículo dice de Eduardo Galeano, como hombre de letras y palabras, que subvierte las maneras inefables del poder, para hacer y pronunciar desde ellas las resistencias a sus fuerzas homogeneizantes. Este autor delira y construye las figuras del <em>ninguneado</em>, los <em>nadies</em>, los <em>ningunos</em>, como cuerpos de la periferia, excluidos por las maneras biopolíticas de controlar el mundo. Figuras que se presentan como sarcasmos poéticos para pensar el desarrollo, la explotación bárbara de la vida humana y no humana, el desgarramiento de una tierra ya no habitada sino dominada y el sufrimiento humano como efecto devastador de sus designios. El ensayo contiene rasgos biográficos en cuanto vida y obra del escritor uruguayo, apuntes etimológicos y secciones narrativas en torno a la condición de los <em>nadies </em>como cuerpos del exilio en la morada habitada; así mismo, de manera crítica, el desarrollo como promesa sobre el temor de los <em>ninguneados</em>, y finaliza con un fragmento del <em>derecho al delirio</em>: sentida muestra de su pensamiento.</p>

Race in Cuba: essays on the revolution and racial inequality

As a young militant in the 26th of July Movement, Esteban Morales Dominguez participated in the overthrow of the Batista regime and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution. The revolutionaries, he understood, sought to establish a more just and egalitarian society. But Morales Dominguez, an Afro-Cuban, knew that the complicated question of race could not be ignored, or simply willed away in a post-revolutionary context. Today, he is one of Cuba s most prominent Afro-Cuban intellectuals and its leading authority on the race question. Available for the first time in English, the essays collected here describe the problem of racial inequality in Cuba, provide evidence of its existence, constructively criticize efforts by the Cuban political leadership to end discrimination, and point to a possible way forward. Morales Dominguez surveys the major advancements in race relations that occurred as a result of the revolution, but does not ignore continuing signs of inequality and discrimination. Instead, he argues that the revolution must be an ongoing process and that to truly transform society it must continue to confront the question of race in Cuba.

Women’s advancement in journalism: psychological characteristics

One of the trends that can be observed today is the steadily increasing presence in professional spheres and management positions traditionally regarded as male. range of opportunities for education and professional training is expanding, and today many women are able to obtain qualifications that allow them to apply for new positions in new areas. The glass ceiling, which reflects both gender inequality in the social and economic spheres and rigid stereotypes of men's and women's social roles, is gradually being destroyed. Women are stepping outside traditional occupations with limited responsibilities, low salaries, and few chances for promotion.These processes are intense in the sphere of journalism. For instance, in Western Europe and North America, critical growth in the numbers of women in journalism began in the late 1970s and early 1980s, following the launch of women's open struggle for their rights. Gender equality came to be associated with the development of democracy, and protest movements had an effect on media content.The atmosphere in editors' offices had been changing since the beginning of corporate debates about sexist jargon, male workers' abuse of alcohol, sexual harassment, lower salaries for women, and other signs of gender inequality (Djerf- Pierre, 2007). This period resulted in the strengthening of the status of journalists, a status that no longer had marginal connotations. Women were granted access to traditionally male spheres and positions in journalism.However, for a large part of the 20th century, the presence of female-oriented material in Soviet periodicals that were not aimed solely at women was still an exception. As a rule, in the sphere of journalism, women took positions that were not prestigious enough for men and that mainly involved the technical aspects of data preparation: stenographers, typists, proofreaders. With the spread of mass television, the need for presenters arose.Although the feminization of journalism has been a steady trend both in the West and in Russia, in Russia it was influenced by different factors, despite the seeming similarities of the process in different countries. feminization of journalism in this country was hardly affected by such phenomena as the struggle for gender equality.Because Soviet women initially enjoyed equal rights with men, they should have gradually been entering the journalistic and media field. However, through all of the Soviet period, the profession of journalist remained predominantly male, and this stereotype held firmly in public consciousness. On the whole, the feminization of journalism was developing at a much slower rate in Soviet Russia than in most European and North American countries.The intensification of this process in Russia began in the early 1990s; it was brought about by inner social and political transformations rather than as a vindication of women's rights. commercialization of the previous state media made this sector economically unstable, which was especially obvious at the early stages of perestroika, when journalists' salaries went down and the prestige of the profession was damaged. These factors as well as others forced many men to abandon the profession or to remain in managerial positions only. vacant media spots were soon taken by women, who were less demanding in regard to working and payment conditions.Therefore, journalism turned into a female professional sphere in Russia as the result of social and political changes in the country rather than because of the promotion of gender equality as in the West.In the 2000s the media sector in Russia was characterized by a much higher degree of stability than in the 1990s. According to the Gender Pay Gap in Journalism Report (2012), Russia had the highest pay level for journalists of any of the former USSR states; the average monthly salary equaled 929 USD or 20,932 RUB (compared with 654 USD in Ukraine). …

Are different groups of cancer patients offered rehabilitation to the same extent? A report from the population-based study “The Cancer Patient’s World”

The number of cancer survivors is growing and cancer is now viewed as a chronic disease. This has highlighted the importance of providing adequate rehabilitation to prevent physical, psychological, and social sequelae of cancer. However, it is unclear whether those in need of rehabilitation are offered this. Using patient-observer agreement and cognitive interviews, we validated a seven-item questionnaire designed to assess cancer patients' perception of the sufficiency of the offered rehabilitation. A cross-sectional study among 2,202 Danish cancer patients affiliated with hospitals was carried out. The questionnaire was well understood, indicating good validity. In the cross-sectional study, 1,490 patients (68%) participated. Up to 39% of cancer patients did not receive the physical rehabilitation they felt they needed. About half of those who had felt a need to talk to a psychologist were offered this. Insufficiency of other rehabilitation offers was reported by 10-24%. Age most consistently predicted insufficient rehabilitation; higher age predicted insufficient information about support from other sources (than hospital staff) and younger age predicted lack of help to manage symptoms, return to everyday life, and deal with financial and especially work-related consequences. We found no consistent signs of traditional social inequality in the perception of rehabilitation, but we observed some signs of social inequality for unemployed or divorced/separated patients. Age predicted sufficiency of the rehabilitation in two directions, possibly reflecting different needs in younger and older patients. When tailoring rehabilitation programs, it should be ensured that the different needs are met.

Pandemonium in the Plaza: The First Los Angeles Riot, July 22, 1856

183 THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION of California in 1846, the Hispanic population lost both political and social influence. Soon outnumbered by Anglo-Americans, they slowly adapted to changes in government and culture brought by the invaders. The economic boom and inflation from the gold rush softened the social upheaval of the early 1850s but, as the economy slowed and unsuccessful miners flooded into Los Angeles, tensions increased. Disenchanted Anglo-American miners venturing into the town brought renewed support to existing anti-Hispanic prejudices, while recent immigrants from Mexico, already the object of discrimination in the gold fields, sought equality in the largely Hispanic town. Glaring injustices and obvious signs of inequality kindled resentment within many in the Hispanic community. By 1856, one incident ignited a volatile population, resulting in the first race riot in Los Angeles. Culminating in a race war or substantial rebellion, the threat subsided only after prominent Californios intervened and committed themselves to maintaining the American legal system.1