Signing Capability Research Articles

Research on spatial information transmission efficiency and capability of safety evacuation signs

Fires in buildings are among the high-frequency disasters experienced in urban areas. Improving the efficiency of emergency evacuation during fires can effectively reduce casualties. Safety evacuation signs offer indispensable spatial direction information for emergency evacuation, and the spatial relationship between safety signs and evacuees affects response times as well as evacuation efficiency. The research presented in this paper took two kinds of safety evacuation signs—namely, hangtag-type and embedded—as the research object, and a simulation experiment and fire drill were designed to gauge the transfer efficiency and capability of the spatial direction information they conveyed. The results show that the space angle of the hangtag-type safety evacuation sign was inversely proportional to the transfer efficiency and capability of the spatial direction information, and a fire drill confirmed this conclusion. When the spatial angle of the embedded safety evacuation sign was 5° the transfer efficiency and capability of the spatial direction information increased, the participants in the fire drill took less time, on average, to escape, and a higher percentage chose unfamiliar exits. In addition, three-dimensional safety evacuation signs were designed on the basis of the research results, and their functional structure was improved, which can make fire emergency evacuation more efficient.

Research on Spatial Information Transmission Efficiency and Capability of Safe Evacuation Signs

As an indispensable spatial direction information indicator for emergency evacuation, the spatial relationship between safety evacuation signs and evacuees will affect the response time of evacuees and the evacuation efficiency. This paper takes 2 kinds of common safety evacuation signs, hangtag-type and embedded, as the research object and designs space direction information transmission efficiency and capability simulation experiment and fire drill, the efficiency and capability of spatial direction information transmission of safety evacuation signs are studied. The results show that the space angle of the hangtag-type safety evacuation sign is inversely proportional to the information transmission efficiency and capability of the space direction, and the fire drill also confirms this conclusion. When the spatial angle of the embedded safety evacuation sign is 5{\deg}, the spatial direction information transmission efficiency and capability increase. Simultaneously, the average escape time of the participants in the fire drill was lower, and the percentage of choosing unfamiliarity exports increased. The evolution of spatial angle has no significant effect on the intention of the response of subjects of different genders; when choosing the direction, males are more easily affected by the change of spatial angle than females; the confidence level of females' choice is more easily affected by spatial angle. In addition, according to the research results, the corresponding three-dimensional structure safety evacuation signs are designed. The functional structure of the safety evacuation signs is perfected, which can effectively improve the efficiency of fire emergency evacuation.

Recognition of Stress Activation by Unobtrusive Multi Sensing Setup

It is recognized that stress conditions play an important role in the definition of individual wellness and represent a major risk factor for most non-communicable diseases. Most studies focus on the evaluation of response to maximal stress conditions while a few of them reports results about the detection/monitoring of response to mild stimulations. In this study, we investigate the capability of some physiological signs and indicators (including Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, Respiratory Rate, Galvanic Skin Response) to recognize stress in response to moderate cognitive activation in daily life settings. To achieve this goal, we built up an unobtrusive platform to collect signals from healthy volunteers (10 subjects) undergoing cognitive activation via Stroop Color Word Test. We integrated our dataset with data from the Stress Recognition in the Automobile Drivers dataset. Following data harmonization, signal recordings in both datasets were split into five-minute blocks and a set of 12 features was extracted from each block. A feature selection was implemented by two complementary approaches: Sequential Forward Feature Selection (SFFS) and Auto-Encoder (AE) neural networks. Finally, we explored the use of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) to provide a flexible representation of an individual status. From the initial feature set we have determined, by SFFS analysis, that 2 of them (median Respiratory Rate and number peaks in Galvanic Skin Response signals) can discriminate activation statuses from resting ones. In addition, AE experiments also support that two features can suffice for recognition. Finally, we showed that SOM can provide a comprehensive but compact description of activation statuses allowing a fine prototypical representation of individual status.

CCA secure and efficient proxy re-encryption scheme without bilinear pairing

Proxy re-encryption enables the conversion of ciphertext of a message encrypted with one users public key into a ciphertext that could be decrypted by another users private key. Proxy re-encryption can be used as tool for delegation in wide variety of applications. Since proxy re-encryption is used as a primitive for delegation in varied applications, the primitive should be secure and efficient. Also, depending on application scenario, it should satisfy various properties. The proxy re-encryption scheme without bilinear pairing are preferred, as the bilinear pairing is costly operation. We propose an efficient proxy re-encryption scheme without bilinear pairing. The proposed scheme is unidirectional, key optimal, collusion safe, non-interactive, non-transitive, proxy visible, provides original access and satisfies temporary property. The scheme handles the temporary property elegantly compared to the existing schemes without affecting the signing capability of the delegator. Also, the proxy visible property allows the delegatee to prioritize his responses. The proposed scheme is proved to be secure against the chosen ciphertext attack under random oracle model. The proposed scheme is shown to be efficient than the existing schemes.

Post quantum proxy signature scheme based on the multivariate public key cryptographic signature

Proxy signature is a very useful technique which allows the original signer to delegate the signing capability to a proxy signer to perform the signing operation. It finds wide applications especially in the distributed environment where the entities such as the wireless sensors are short of computational power and needed to be convinced to the authenticity of the server. Due to less proxy signature schemes in the post-quantum cryptography aspect, in this article, we investigate the proxy signature in the post-quantum setting so that it can resist against the potential attacks from the quantum adversaries. A general multivariate public key cryptographic proxy scheme based on a multivariate public key cryptographic signature scheme is proposed, and a heuristic security proof is given for our general construction. We show that the construction can reach Existential Unforgeability under an Adaptive Chosen Message Attack with Proxy Key Exposure assuming that the underlying signature is Existential Unforgeability under an Adaptive Chosen Message Attack. We then use our general scheme to construct practical proxy signature schemes for three well-known and promising multivariate public key cryptographic signature schemes. We implement our schemes and compare with several previous constructions to show our efficiency advantage, which further indicates the potential application prospect in the distributed network environment.

Interrogating Indus inscriptions to unravel their mechanisms of meaning conveyance

This study conducts an epigraphic analysis of the yet undeciphered inscriptions of the ancient Indus Valley civilization and seeks to prove that just like proto-cuneiform administrative tablets of ancient Mesopotamia, or modern fiscal stamps and ration tokens, Indus seals and tablets too were formalized data-carriers that used both document-specific and linguistic syntaxes to convey messages. Analyzing various combinatorial patterns of Indus signs (e.g., typical co-occurrence restrictions present between some signs; tendency of some signs to form collocations; syntactic order(s) maintained between certain signs; strong positional preferences demonstrated by some signs; and the capability of certain signs to occur alone in inscriptions), this paper argues that Indus signs represented different content-morphemes and functional-morphemes—not phonograms used for spelling words—the majority of the inscriptions were logographic. Categorizing several Indus logograms into nine functional classes, it explores the way each sign-class has played unique functional roles for conveying complete messages through the brief inscriptions. By glossing the signs of the inscriptions using the names of their respective functional classes the study unravels the formulaic phrase-structures maintained by the majority of the inscriptions, where signs identified as phrase-final signs typically occur at the terminal positions of the semantic phrases, while signs used as connective-morphemes join semantically autonomous constituents in certain subordinating and coordinating ways, to form longer composite inscriptions. The study identifies certain Indus signs as numerical and metrological signs, which frequently collocate with specific lexemes, and clearly quantifying them in certain ways. This article also analyses the underlying relationships between certain metrological and phrase-final signs; examines the compositional nature of Indus collocations; and argues that some of the repeated sign-sequences were probable examples of linguistic reduplication. Analyzing the occasional occurrences of certain attributive quantifier signs as substantive lexemes, this paper suggests that in some inscriptional contexts those quantifier signs possibly represented certain commonly used metonyms of Indus civilization. Finally, this study explores the compositional semantics of Indus inscriptions without assigning any sound value to the signs and without speculating about whether the script encoded the speech of any specific ancient language.

A provably secure delegated authentication scheme and its applications

In a proxy signature scheme, an original signer can delegate his/her signing capability to a proxy signer, so that the proxy signer can sign on behalf of the original signer. Proxy signature is an important technology in delegated authentication schemes, so it is important to design provably secure proxy signature schemes. Boldyreva et a1. (2012) gave the definition of proxy signature and formalised a model of security for proxy signature schemes. They not only formalised a model of security for proxy signature schemes, but also specified the adversary's capabilities and goals. In this paper, we propose a new provably secure proxy signature scheme under this model, which is more efficient than that of the existing ones. Furthermore, we use this signature scheme to construct a proxy blind signature scheme, and give the security analysis of the new scheme. Proxy blind signature can be applied in cloud computing.

Functional Signcryption

Functional encryption (FE) allows to restrict decryption in a highly sophisticated fashion, whereas, functional signature (FS) enables to enforce arbitrarily complex control on signing capabilities. This paper introduces a new cryptographic primitive, termed as functional signcryption (FSC), which unifies the functionalities of FE and FS into a cost-effective formulation. FSC is a crucial step towards efficient implementation of modern digital communication and storage systems that demand advanced forms of confidentiality and authenticity simultaneously. Precisely, we make the following contributions:−First, we present a formal definition of FSC and carefully formulate its security requirements.−Next, we provide a generic construction of FSC supporting signing and decryption functionalities realizable by general polynomial size circuits, based on fundamental cryptographic tools, namely, indistinguishability obfuscation (IO) for circuits and statistically simulation-sound non-interactive zero-knowledge proof of knowledge (SSS-NIZKPoK).−Finally, we exhibit a number of representative applications of this interesting cryptographic primitive:(i)We develop the first ever attribute-based signcryption (ABSC) scheme for arbitrary polynomial size circuits from FSC.(ii)We show how FSC can be utilized to build SSS-NIZKPoK systems and IO for general circuits. This result in conjunction with our FSC construction can be interpreted as establishing an equivalence between FSC and the other two important cryptographic primitives.

Smart Textile Using Hetero-Core Optical Fiber for Heartbeat and Respiration Monitoring

This paper aims to describe a novel smart textile that uses a single-mode hetero-core optical fiber sensor for monitoring heartbeat and respiration. The smart textile was designed by weaving hetero-core optical fibers together with the wool fabric. This novel textile that can detect variations in shapes can be incorporated into clothes. Such clothes can offer comfort to the wearer. To simultaneously monitor heartbeat and respiration, the proposed textile is sewn on to the clothes to be able to sense minute load changes produced by chest movements. The vital signs, which were calculated from the heartbeat and respiration frequency of a healthy adult, while sitting, were in agreement with those verified using commercial monitoring devices. In addition, to confirm the capability of monitoring vital signs, seven monitoring trials were performed in which the subjects were asked to wear and take off the smart cloth. The vital signs rates were successfully extracted within the four beats per minute error by the fiber optic sensor system. The proposed smart textile in clothes can monitor vital signs in daily life activities, such as sitting and standing.

Interrogating Indus Inscriptions Through Their Context, Structure and Compositional Semantics, to Understand Their Inner Logic of Message Conveyance

This study conducts an epigraphic analysis of the yet undeciphered inscriptions of the ancient Indus Valley civilization and seeks to prove that just like proto-cuneiform administrative tablets of ancient Mesopotamia, or modern fiscal stamps and ration tokens, Indus seals and tablets too were formalized data-carriers that used both document-specific and linguistic syntaxes to convey messages. Analyzing various combinatorial patterns of Indus signs (e.g., typical co-occurrence restrictions present between some signs; tendency of some signs to form collocations; syntactic order(s) maintained between certain signs; strong positional preferences demonstrated by some signs; and the capability of certain signs to occur alone in inscriptions), this paper argues that Indus signs represented different content-morphemes and functional-morphemes — not phonograms used for spelling words — the majority of the inscriptions were logographic. Categorizing several Indus logograms into nine functional classes, it explores the way each sign-class has played unique functional roles for conveying complete messages through the brief inscriptions. By glossing the signs of the inscriptions using the names of their respective functional classes the study unravels the formulaic phrase-structures maintained by the majority of the inscriptions, where signs identified as phrase-final signs typically occur at the terminal positions of the semantic phrases, while signs used as connective-morphemes join semantically autonomous constituents in certain subordinating and coordinating ways, to form longer composite inscriptions. The study identifies certain Indus signs as numerical and metrological signs, which frequently collocate with specific lexemes, and clearly quantifying them in certain ways. This article also analyses the underlying relationships between certain metrological and phrase-final signs; examines the compositional nature of Indus collocations; and argues that some of the repeated sign-sequences were probable examples of linguistic reduplication. Analyzing the occasional occurrences of certain attributive quantifier signs as substantive lexemes, this paper suggests that in some inscriptional contexts those quantifier signs possibly represented certain commonly used metonyms of Indus civilization. Finally, this study explores the compositional semantics of Indus inscriptions without assigning any sound value to the signs and without speculating about whether the script encoded the speech of any specific ancient language.

A New Certificateless Strong Designated Verifier Signature Scheme: Non-Delegatable and SSA-KCA Secure

Certificateless public key cryptography is a commonly adopted implementation system to solve problems of key-escrow and untrusted authority. Certificateless strong designated verifier signatures (CL-SDVSs) are special variations of digital signatures, since their authenticity can only be convinced by a designated verifier. To offer this functionality, most CL-SDVS mechanisms use shared secret key between a signer and a designated verifier. However, Shim points out that the leakage of common values will inevitably delegate signing capability to any third party. Furthermore, we notice that such protocols also cannot fulfill the notion of signer ambiguity if a signer’s private key is compromised, and signatures have not been received by a designated verifier. In this paper, the author defines the first formal security model of strong signer ambiguity against key-compromise attacks (SSA-KCA) for CL-SDVS schemes. Then, a concrete construction satisfying not only the proposed SSA-KCA security, but also the essential existential unforgeability under adaptive chosen-message attacks (EUF-CMA) security against super-level adversaries is presented. We show that our construction is both non-delegatable and non-transferable. In addition, without using time-consuming bilinear pairings, the proposed scheme exhibits lower computational costs and shorter signature lengths when compared with previous works, which makes our protocol suitable for computation-constrained mobile devices in low-bandwidth Internet of Thing communication environments.

図形記号の記号学的性能について : 図形記譜とピクトグラムを例に(第29回研究発表大会概要集)

図形記号の記号学的性能について : 図形記譜とピクトグラムを例に(第29回研究発表大会概要集)

Secure delegation of services through proxy signature with revocation

The trusted delegation of services requires an effective synchronised and verifiable signature scheme to convince the authorisation of involving entities in the delegation processes. The proxy signature scheme enables an original signer to delegate her signing capability to a proxy signer in a secure manner. In this paper, we present a controlled delegation of generating a proxy signature using a control entity (mediator). The mediator controls the delegation capability of the proxy signer for making the signature even before/after the delegation period. We propose a new construction of proxy signature with revocation by using a mediator that controls the delegation capability and authorisation of the proxy signer. The security hardness of the proposed scheme is based on the computational bilinear Diffie-Hellman (CBDH) intractability assumption in the random oracle model. Furthermore, we verify the revocation process of our proposed scheme using model checking.

Secure delegation of services through proxy signature with revocation

The trusted delegation of services requires an effective synchronised and verifiable signature scheme to convince the authorisation of involving entities in the delegation processes. The proxy signature scheme enables an original signer to delegate her signing capability to a proxy signer in a secure manner. In this paper, we present a controlled delegation of generating a proxy signature using a control entity (mediator). The mediator controls the delegation capability of the proxy signer for making the signature even before/after the delegation period. We propose a new construction of proxy signature with revocation by using a mediator that controls the delegation capability and authorisation of the proxy signer. The security hardness of the proposed scheme is based on the computational bilinear Diffie-Hellman (CBDH) intractability assumption in the random oracle model. Furthermore, we verify the revocation process of our proposed scheme using model checking.

Comparative Capabilities of Clinical Assessment, Diagnostic Criteria, and Polysomnography in Detecting Sleep Bruxism.

To evaluate the diagnostic capability of signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism (SB) as per the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria and a diagnostic grading system proposed by international experts for assessing SB. The study was conducted in three phases (interview, physical examination, and sleep studies). Subjects were asked about self-reported tooth grinding sounds occurring during sleep, muscle fatigue, temporal headaches, jaw muscle pain, and jaw locking. A visual examination was conducted to check for presence of abnormal tooth wear. A full-night polysomnography (PSG) was performed. After three phases, the subjects were divided into two groups matched by age and gender: Case Group, 45 SB subjects, and Control Group, 45 non-SB subjects. Diagnostic accuracy measurements were calculated for each sign or symptom individually and for the two diagnostic criteria analyzed. Muscle fatigue, temporal headaches, and AASM criteria were associated with highest sensitivity (78%, 67%, 58%, respectively) and also with highest diagnostic odds ratio (OR = 9.63, 9.25, 6.33, respectively). Jaw locking, muscle pain, and the criterion of "probable SB" were associated with the worst sensitivity (16%, 18%, 22%, respectively). Presence of muscle fatigue and temporal headaches can be considered good tools to screen SB patients. None of the diagnostic criteria evaluated was able to accurately identify patients with SB. AASM criteria had the strongest diagnostic capabilities and--although they do not attain diagnostic values high enough to replace the current gold standard (PSG)--should be used as a screening tool to identify SB.

A Secure ID-based Proxy Signature Scheme from Bilinear Pairings

In a proxy signature scheme, a user delegates his/her signing capability to another user in such a way that the latter can sign messages on behalf of the former. Proxy signature helps the proxy signer to sign messages on behalf of the original signer. It is very useful when the original signer is not available to sign a specific document. In this paper, we propose a secure an identity based proxy signature scheme from bilinear pairings. The proposed scheme satisfy all the security property of proxy signature scheme.

Construction of Graduation Certificate Issuing System Based on Digital Signature Technique

With the development of computer architecture and its technologies in recent years, applications like e-commerce, e-government, e-governance and e-finance are widely used, and they act as active research areas. In addition, in order to increase the quality and quantity of the ordinary everyday transactions, it is desired to migrate from the paper-based environment to a digital-based computerized environment. Such migration increases efficiency, saves time, eliminates paperwork, increases safety and reduces the cost in an organization. Digital signatures are playing an essential role in many electronic and automatic based systems and facilitate this migration. The digital signatures are used to provide many services and solutions that would not have been possible by the conventional hand-written signature.
 In the educational environment, the process of issuing the graduation certificates can no longer be restricted to the traditional methods. Hence, a computerized system for issuing certificates of graduation in an electronic form is needed and desired. This paper proposes a Graduation Certificates Issuing System (GCIS) based on digital signature technology. In doing so, this research highlights the state-of-the-art and the art-of-the-practice for some existing digital signature-based systems in the literatures. In addition, eight intertwined elected services are identified, namely: message authentication, entity authentication, integrity, non-repudiation, time stamping, distinguished signing authorities, delegating signing capability and supporting workflow systems. Moreover, this research examines nine existing systems, showing their merits and demerits in terms of these elected services. Furthermore, the research describes the architectural design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and provides the concrete implementation of the proposed GCIS. The GCIS is implemented using Visual Basic.Net programming language and SQL Server database management system.
 

Identity‐based proxy signatures: a generic construction and a concrete scheme from RSA

AbstractProxy signatures allow an entity to delegate its signing capability to a proxy which can sign messages on behalf of the delegator. We examine identity‐based versions of proxy signatures which employ identity strings in place of randomly generated public keys. First, we give a new generic construction of identity‐based proxy signatures from identity‐based standard signatures and show that our generic construction is secure if the underlying identity‐based standard signature is secure. In addition, we present the first identity‐based proxy signature from Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA), secure under the one‐wayness of RSA in the random oracle model. We should highlight that the proxy key exposure attack cannot be applied to our proposed constructions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An Efficient Construction of Convertible Undeniable Proxy Signatures

In the undeniable signatures, the validity or invalidity can only be verified via the Confirmation/Disavowal protocol with the help of the signer. Convertible undeniable signatures provide the flexibility that a signer can convert an undeniable signatures into publicly verifiable one. A proxy signature scheme allows an entity to delegate his/her signing capability to another entity in such a way that the latter can sign messages on behalf of the former when the former is not available. Proxy signatures have found numerous practical applications in ubiquitous computing, distributed systems, mobile agent applications, etc. In this paper, we propose the first convertible undeniable proxy signature scheme with rigorously proven security. The properties Unforgeability, Invisibility and Soundness in the context of convertible undeniable proxy signatures are also clearly defined. The security of our construction is formally proven in the random oracle models, based on some natural complexity assumptions.

Arbitrated Proxy Signature Scheme Based on Quantum Cryptography

Proxy signature is a special signature which provided the signer can delegate his signing capability to others. The proxy signature provides that the original signer can delegate his signing permission to a proxy signer, and the proxy signer can replace the original signer to sign the message. In this paper, we propose a proxy signature scheme based on ideas from classical proxy signature schemes and quantum cryptography. The scheme is implemented by Bell states and a symmetrical quantum key cryptosystem. Compile with classical proxy signature schemes, the new scheme can guarantee the security by using quantum key distribution and one-time pads. And it also can prove that the scheme have the characteristics of non-counterfeit, non-disavowal and traceability. Furthermore, the new scheme uses a special quantum encryption to ensure the receiver cannot forge the signature. The validity of the new scheme can be verified, and it is a secure proxy signature scheme.