Significant Predictor Of Subjective Well-being Research Articles

Social support predicted subsequent subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study

BackgroundSubjective well-being (SWB) is associated with social support in cross-sectional studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how social support predicts SWB longitudinally, especially during the COVID-19 contingency.MethodsBy adopting a prospective design, the current work addressed this research question in a sample of 594 participants from the U.K. The data were collected via the online platform, Prolific, at two time points (June, 2020 and August, 2021) with a 14-month interval. Descriptive analysis and a moderated mediation model were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.ResultsBaseline social support was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (SWB) 14 months later, even after controlling for baseline SWB and other covariates such as personality traits. Additionally, affect balance (i.e., the affective component of SWB) fully mediated the link between baseline social support and subsequent life satisfaction (i.e., the cognitive component of SWB). Moreover, household income moderated this relationship, indicating a stronger mediation for individuals with lower monthly household income.ConclusionThe present work sheds light on the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the association between social support and different components of SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Impact of Relational Depth on Subjective Well-being in Close Relationships in the Community

Relational depth (RD)—moments of profound connection and engagement between two people—is a humanistic–existential construct, showing preliminary association with psychological growth in psychotherapy. This research investigates the impact of RD, alongside relationship satisfaction and emotional intimacy, on subjective well-being in close relationships in the community. Psychometric properties of latent variables were assessed in a stratified online sample of 497 participants in the United Kingdom (47.1% male, 52.1% female, 1% other; mean age 45.7 [ SD = 15.9]; 86.5% white, 7.8% Asian, 3.2% Black, 1.4% mixed and 1% other), followed by lagged regressions, and moderation analyses to assess the role of RD on Personal Well-being Score (PWS). Data were collected at two further time points at 3-month intervals on a stratified subset of participants ( n = 297 and n = 267). RD emerged as a significant predictor of subjective well-being in close relationships in the community and was moderated by emotional intimacy and relationship satisfaction. This study provides the first robust evidence of the relevance and impact of the humanistic–existential construct of RD on well-being beyond a psychotherapy context. This points to the value of practices that can facilitate RD experiences in the community.

Predicting subjective well-being and stress response using sense-making and benefit-finding in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Japan

Objective This study aims to predict subjective well-being and stress response using sense-making and benefit-finding in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods The sample consisted of 307 mothers of Japanese individuals with ASD, and who completed a questionnaire comprising of items related to the demographic profile, Sense Making Scale, Benefit Finding Scale in Developmental Disorder Parenting, Subjective Happiness Scale, and the abbreviated six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyse the data. Results The benefit-finding score emerged as a significant predictor of subjective well-being and stress response. However, the sense-making score and the interaction of sense-making and benefit-finding did not predict subjective well-being and stress response significantly. Conclusion The findings provide further insights necessary to support the mothers of children afflicted with ASD who experience various difficulties daily.

Subjective Well-Being and Self-Assessed Health of Adolescents: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the stability and predictors of subjective well-being and self-perceived health in adolescents over a two-year period, focusing on the importance of mental health in overall well-being. Participants in this longitudinal cohort study were surveyed at the ages of 15 (n = 441) and 17 (n = 354) through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Hierarchical regression was employed to investigate significant predictors of subjective well-being. The subjective well-being and self-perceived health dimensions showed a consistent level of stability throughout the two-year period of secondary education. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between well-being at the beginning and end of this education period. Furthermore, self-perceived health dimensions, particularly general health, vitality, and mental health, were positively associated with well-being at the end of secondary education, highlighting their role in overall subjective well-being. The regression analysis revealed that self-perceived health factors, notably "General health" and "Mental health", significantly predicted overall subjective well-being, enhancing the model's explanatory power beyond gender and economic status. Nevertheless, baseline subjective well-being has the strongest predictive effect on final well-being. This study highlights the importance of psychological and health factors, particularly mental health, that affect the overall well-being of adolescents and emphasizes the need to focus on and improve these factors in order to improve subjective well-being.

The income-happiness nexus: uncovering the importance of social comparison processes in subjective wellbeing

IntroductionPrevious research has established a positive correlation between income and subjective wellbeing (SWB). This correlation is attributed to income’s ability to provide material circumstances and influence one’s perceived socioeconomic rank in society, known as subjective socioeconomic status (SES).ObjectiveThis study sought to examine whether social comparison processes could mediate the relationship between income and SWB. Specifically, we aimed to explore the impact of comparing one’s current socioeconomic situation to individuals from a similar socioeconomic background (referred to as Comsim) on SWB, based on the similarity hypothesis of social comparison theory.MethodsData stem from two separate two-wave surveys. Study 1 comprised 588 participants, with 294 men and 294 women; age range 25–60 years; mean age 41.5 years). Study 2 comprised 614 participants, with 312 men and 302 women; age range 25–60 years; mean age 43.5 years. In both studies, data on predictors and SWB were collected 3 months apart.ResultsIn both study 1 and study 2, bivariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between income and SWB. However, multivariate regression models revealed that income did not have a direct effect on SWB. Instead, in both studies, subjective SES and Comsim emerged as significant predictors of SWB, with Comsim being the most influential. Furthermore, our formal mediation analysis indicated that subjective SES and Comsim fully mediated the relationship between income and SWB, when combined. Additionally, in study 2, we found that cognitive factors such as personal control, as well as affective factors like self-esteem, played a mediating role between the social comparison processes and SWB.ConclusionThis study contributes to existing research by emphasizing the importance of two distinct social comparison mechanisms in mediating the relationship between income and SWB.ImplicationsTherapeutic interventions to improve SWB should also consider social comparison processes. From a political standpoint, policies addressing income inequality can mitigate the negative effects of social comparisons on wellbeing. Providing support to those in lower socioeconomic positions can also enhance SWB.

Investigating the relationship between language teachers' occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work, and their subjective wellbeing.

Despite the growing interest in the well-being of educators, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding the specific factors that influence the well-being of language teachers. To address this gap, this study explored the relationship between Iranian language teachers' occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work and their subjective well-being. The study involved 120 EFL teachers, and data were collected through self-report questionnaires. The results pointed to significant positive correlations between subjective well-being and occupational self-efficacy (r = 0.625, p < 0.001) as well as satisfaction and meaning at work (r = 0.493, p < 0.001). Regression analyses further indicated that occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work were significant predictors of subjective well-being. Notably, occupational self-efficacy emerged as a stronger predictor, outweighing the influence of satisfaction and meaning at work. Furthermore, the ANOVA results demonstrated that the regression models significantly contributed to the prediction of subjective well-being, indicating the relevance of these factors in understanding language teachers' well-being. The coefficients analysis supported the significance of occupational self-efficacy (β = 0.625, p < 0.001) in predicting subjective well-being, while satisfaction and meaning at work also made a significant contribution (β = 0.258, p = 0.003). These findings suggest that enhancing teachers' occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work could promote their subjective well-being. The study contributes to understanding the relationship between teachers' job-related factors and their subjective well-being and could have implications for developing interventions to enhance their well-being.

Psychosocial Factors of Subjective Well-Being in Women with Eating Disorders.

Eating disorders are known as the most lethal mental health conditions, and lately there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of these disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the perceived quality of professional support, the relationship between subjective well-being, loneliness, resilience, and the quality of family functioning, and the possibility of predicting subjective well-being based on knowledge of psychosocial factors in people with eating disorders. Eighty-six women with a diagnosed eating disorder participated in the online survey. The Diener Subjective Well-Being Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Self-Report Family Inventory were used to measure the constructs. Questions were constructed to collect information about the perceived quality and availability of professional support. Results showed lower levels of life satisfaction and flourishing and more frequent negative experiences. Reports of medium levels of loneliness, lower levels of flourishing, and lower perceived quality of family functioning were also obtained. Significant predictors of subjective well-being were loneliness and resilience, while family cohesion was significant in predicting positive and negative experiences and flourishing. These findings can contribute to the recognition of aspects existent prior to the development of the disorder, based on which experts can determine what to focus on in the treatment process.

ВПЛИВ ЧАСОВОЇ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА ОСОБИСТІСНИХ РИС НА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ БІЖЕНЦІВ У ЄВРОПІ

Background. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to a sharp increase in the number of Ukrainian refugees in Europe. Due to the war and the subsequent need to adapt to new socio-cultural conditions, the mental health of this population is particularly vulnerable. People who have been forced to leave their country experience significant stress and are prone to developing symptoms of anxiety and depression. While psychopathology in this context has been well researched, protective factors that could potentially contribute to a better adjustment of Ukrainian refugees in the new environment have been less frequently studied. Accordingly, this study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of time perspective and personality traits in influencing the psychological well-being of Ukrainian refugees. Methods. A sample of 599 Ukrainian refugees from different European countries was studied using three key instruments: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, short version (ZTPI-15), the Big Five Personality Inventory, short version (BFI-10), and the Singer-Wheeler Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS). Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between these constructs. Results. Both time perspective and personality traits were shown to predict subjective well-being significantly. In particular, refugees who demonstrate greater openness, emotional stability, and friendliness report higher levels of life satisfaction. Similarly, positive orientations toward the past and future were associated with increased well-being, while negative orientations were associated with decreased well-being. In contrast, conscientiousness, extraversion, and fatalistic orientation to the present were not significant predictors of subjective well-being, which is at odds with some existing literature. Conclusions. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both time perspective and personality traits in understanding the psychological well-being of Ukrainian refugees. They also point to the potential benefits of interventions to develop adaptive time perspectives and positive personality traits. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate such interventions.

Belief in a Just World and Infantilism as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being

The article describes the results of a study of belief in a just world, psychological infantilism, and suggestibility as predictors of subjective well-being. The collection of empirical data was carried out in August-September 2022 with citizens of Ukraine. The sample consisted of 71 people (71.8% - women). It was established: Personal beliefs in a just world is a significant predictor of cognitive and emotional components of subjective well-being. The change of residence forced by the martial law increases the emotional discomfort. At the same time, the negative impact of the change of residence on the emotional state of the individual is partially compensated by the strengthening of the personal beliefs in a just world. Psychological infantilism, primarily infantilism of coping behavior, is a negative predictor of subjective well-being. Suggestibility is not a significant predictor of subjective well-being. At the same time, it is directly related to the infantilism of coping-behavior and position of dependency. By supporting these manifestations of infantilism, suggestibility can make a certain contribution to reducing subjective well-being. The article discusses the limitations of empirical research.

Effects of Time Utilization on the Well-being of College Athletes

Background: Considering that college student-athletes spend a lot of time attending to academic and athletic tasks, their well-being can be compromised. Published literature on the impact of time demands on the well-being of college student-athletes is limited. Hence, the scholarly place of the current study is warranted. Objective: This research investigated the effects of academic time use and athletic time use on the subjective, emotional, and physical well-being of college student-athletes. Methods: A subset of the NCAA GOALS data, which included 5,042 student-athletes, was utilized. Two research questions were examined: (1) to what extent does academic time use predict subjective, emotional, and physical well-being? and (2) to what extent does athletic time use predict subjective, emotional, and physical well-being? and (2) to what extent does athletic time use predict subjective, emotional, and physical well-being? A series of two-step hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Race, gender, and NCAA division level were used as control variables. Results and Discussion: Results revealed that academic time use is a significant positive predictor of subjective well-being. Moreover, athletic time use is also a significant predictor of all well-being indicators. It positively predicted subjective well-being but negatively predicted emotional and physical well-being. Conclusion: Our findings showed that both academic and athletic time utilizations are significant predictors of subjective well-being but in varying directions.

What makes locked-down students happy: The sense of mattering and subjective well-being

&lt;span&gt;Subjective well-being (SWB) of university students who had to study off-campus due to the pandemic was investigated in this current study. Studies had reported that one of the most robust factors of SWB is the sense of mattering. While the sense of mattering is built upon social feedback, being locked down limited their source of social feedback to they can only develop their interpersonal mattering through their significant others whom they shared the dwelling place and their societal mattering through the ‘society’ they found in the social media. We purposively selected 82 participants to respond to our scales of mattering types and SWB. Among our inclusion criteria was to have a limited number of living partners (0-3) to make sure that their mattering was predominantly built from the social media feedback. The result of the multiple regression analysis suggested that despite their interpersonal mattering having a weaker contribution to their SWB, it was still a significant predictor of SWB when controlling for societal mattering. Thus, both types of mattering are still considered salient and robust predictors of SWB. Further limitations and suggestions are discussed.&lt;/span&gt;

The impact of physical activity rate on subjective well-being among North-Western Italian population during COVID-19 nationwide lockdown.

Several factors influence subjective well-being, and one of them is the rate of physical activity. However, the possibilities to perform physical activity are compromised by the running COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between self-reported physical activity levels during COVID-19 and subjective well-being. Furthermore, our secondary aim was to investigate whether personal well-being was different between men and women and between people with different self-reported physical activity levels. Physical activity rate and subjective well-being were assessed using specific online surveys. Well-being was investigated using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index while physical activity rates using the official Italian short form of IPAQ. Participation was voluntary, and people could fill the questionnaire simply by clicking on a specific link reachable via Social Networks or by email. The final sample size was 595 Italian responders. Male and female were equally distributed (50.3% male and 49.7% female). The multiple regression indicated that the model was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (R2=0.070,F <inf>(3,59)</inf>=14.68, P<0.0001). The univariate ANOVA detected a statistically significant difference in subjective well-being perception between gender (P<0.05; ƞ2=0.01) and among physical activity rates ([whole sample: P<0.0001, ƞ2=0.03]; Males: F <inf>(2,296)</inf>=4364, P<0.01, ƞ2=0.03; Females: F <inf>(2,293)</inf>=5256, P<0.001, ƞ2=0.04). Tuckey's post-hoc identified a difference between Low active and moderate active males (P<0.01) and low active and very active females (P<0.01). More vigorous activities are necessary for women to reach the goal of feeling good and satisfied with life than men. Therefore, women should be encouraged to spend more time practising physical activity at a more vigorous rate. This outcome might help practitioners set specific home training programs to be advised during periods of social life restrictions as the running COVID-19 pandemic.

A Study of Personal Values, Sociocultural Adaptation And Subjective Well-Being From the Perspective of Refugees in the Time of Covid19 Pandemic

The goals of the present study were to test the relationship between personal values (i.e., self-transcendence and self-enhancement) and subjective well-being and the mediation of this relationship by sociocultural adaption among a sample of Afghan refugees (N = 381) during COVID19. The data was analysed using SPSS 25. Results show that self-transcendence was a significant predictor of subjective well-being, even by controlling for sociocultural adaptation. Sociocultural adaptation did not significantly mediate the positive relationship between refugees’ self-transcendence and subjective well-being. This research provides a novel understanding from the psychological perspectives of refugees’ well-being in time of crisis. We anticipate many new insights with the recent flourishing of research on personal value-subjective well-being relations, and with the additional inclusion of sociocultural adaptation.

Mediating role of financial satisfaction between income and subjective wellbeing: an evidence from Pakistan

The present study aims at analysing the role of income on subjective well-being (SWB) through the mediation channel of financial satisfaction (FS) by deploying the generalised structural equation model (GSEM) with order logit after collecting the data from 1566 households in rural and urban Punjab, Pakistan. Results of this study illustrate that education, income and household assets related to FS are significantly positive, while these variables had no significant relationship with SWB. Moreover, findings of the study showed that income does not affect SWB of people unless they are financially satisfied with the overall position of their household. Health, social capital and freedom of choice are also significant predictors of SWB. The present study suggests the policy makers to lower the interest rate to encourage investment among lower- or middle-income group, which may lead to an increase in their assets and consequently, an increase in financial and subjective wellbeing.

Inspiration, meaning in life and gratitude as predictors of subjective well-being in the case of a group of students

The aim of the present study is to determine the prediction level of gratitude, meaning in life, and inspiration on Subjective Well-being (SWB). 325 undergraduates (149 males and 176 females) with Mage=19,29 (S.D.=1,40) participated in the study. In order to measure the respective concepts, we used the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), the Inspiration Scale (IS), and Single-item measures for life satisfaction and gratitude. The study used descriptive, correlational, and regression analyses. The results of the regression analyses showed that gratitude accounts for most of the SWB variance. The presence of meaning affects SWB positively, while the search for meaning is a negative predictor of SWB. Inspiration frequency is one of the weak predictors of SWB, while inspiration intensity is not a significant predictor of SWB. The results are discussed within the context of the existing literature.

Mediating role of financial satisfaction between income and subjective wellbeing: an evidence from Pakistan

The present study aims at analysing the role of income on subjective well-being (SWB) through the mediation channel of financial satisfaction (FS) by deploying the generalised structural equation model (GSEM) with order logit after collecting the data from 1566 households in rural and urban Punjab, Pakistan. Results of this study illustrate that education, income and household assets related to FS are significantly positive, while these variables had no significant relationship with SWB. Moreover, findings of the study showed that income does not affect SWB of people unless they are financially satisfied with the overall position of their household. Health, social capital and freedom of choice are also significant predictors of SWB. The present study suggests the policy makers to lower the interest rate to encourage investment among lower- or middle-income group, which may lead to an increase in their assets and consequently, an increase in financial and subjective wellbeing.

Gratitude and Forgiveness as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being Among Young Adults in Pakistan

The present study was aimed to explore the impact of gratitude and forgiveness in predicting subjective well-being in young adults. The sample for the study included 300 participants between the ages of 18 and 24 years who were conveniently selected from a university in Karachi city. Gratitude Questionnaire (McCullough et al., 2002), Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005) and Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010) were used as the measures to collect data. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed gratitude to be nonsignificant predictor of subjective well-being, whereas, forgiveness was found to be a significant predictor of subjective well-being . Further, weak positive relation of gratitude with subjective well-being (r = .14), and forgiveness with subjective well-being (r = .34) has been found. However, the explanatory power of this model was revealed to be significant (R2 = .12), suggesting that the variables share an important association which needs further extensive study. This study implies that forgiveness and gratitude may be effectively used in psychotherapy and substantially integrated in general counselling for young adult clients.

College students' trait gratitude and subjective well-being mediated by basic psychological needs

I explored how trait gratitude affects subjective well-being and whether this relationship is mediated by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. Participants were 481 Chinese undergraduate students, who responded to measures of trait gratitude, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and subjective well-being (SWB). The results revealed that trait gratitude, fulfillment of basic psychological needs, and SWB were significantly correlated with each other. Further, structural equation modeling results indicated that trait gratitude was a significant predictor of SWB, and this effect was partially mediated by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. My findings provide new insight into the mechanism of how gratitude can promote SWB.

THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: FINDINGS FROM THE K2 STUDY

It has been pointed that the environments effect subjective well-being(SWB). However, it is still not clear what aspects of environments effect SWB among older adults and if degree on physical condition of older adults cause the difference on relations between and environments and SWB. In this study, firstly, we examined the relationship between the physical and social environments, social activities, and SWB in a sample of older Japanese. Secondly, we examined the differences on the effects of environments on SWB between older adults with lower physical functions and those with higher physical functions. We used data from locally representative longitudinal study of older adults 75±1, 80±1, and 85±1 years of age (at baseline) , which was conducted in Japan (The Keio-Kawasaki Aging Study(K2 study) ; N = 1388). Concerning the environments, we assessed the physical environments (public spaces and buildings, and accessibility) and the social environments (culture and recreation programs, and inclusive social environment). Results from covariance structure analyses showed that the accessible physical environment and the social environments were significant predictors of SWB, and showed that accessibility and the social environments influenced SWB via participation of social activities, too. Moreover, results from multiple group structural equation modeling showed that accessibility was a stronger predictor of SWB among older adults with lower physical functions, while accessibility was not a predictor among older adults with higher physical functions. The potential benefits of this approach provide a basic developing compensation model of SWB for this population of older adults.

Openness to Experience, Extraversion, and Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Awe.

Awe is the emotion experienced when people confront stimuli so vast and novel that they require accommodation. Dispositional awe, in contrast, captures individual differences in the tendency to experience awe. Previous research has found that state awe could predict life satisfaction; however, no study has focused on the indirect effects of dispositional awe on the relationship between personality traits and subjective well-being. Previous studies have found that both openness to experience and extraversion were significant predictors of subjective well-being. Both openness to experience and awe involve cognitive flexibility. Awe can also arise from engaging in social events. Previous research has found that those who are higher in dispositional awe tend to be more extraverted and open to experience. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to test the mediating role of dispositional awe among openness to experience, extraversion, and subjective well-being. To test this hypothesis, a total of 332 Chinese college students were invited to complete an anonymous survey using a cross-sectional design. The results of structural equation modeling showed that openness to experience and extraversion predicted higher levels of dispositional awe, while dispositional awe predicted higher levels of subjective well-being. Moreover, dispositional awe mediated the effects of openness to experience and extraversion on subjective well-being. The findings of this study suggest that openness to experience and extraversion may invite more experiences of awe and thus promote subjective well-being.