Significant Performance Decrement Research Articles

Quantitative susceptibility mapping based basal ganglia segmentation via AGSeg: leveraging active gradient guiding mechanism in deep learning.

With better visual contrast and the ability for magnetic susceptibility quantification analysis, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has emerged as an important magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for basal ganglia studies. Precise segmentation of basal ganglia is a prerequisite for quantification analysis of tissue magnetic susceptibility, which is crucial for subsequent disease diagnosis and surgical planning. The conventional method of localizing and segmenting basal ganglia heavily relies on layer-by-layer manual annotation by experts, resulting in a tedious amount of workload. Although several morphology registration and deep learning based methods have been developed to automate segmentation, the voxels around the nuclei boundary remain a challenge to distinguish due to insufficient tissue contrast. This paper proposes AGSeg, an active gradient guidance-based susceptibility and magnitude information complete (MIC) network for real-time and accurate basal ganglia segmentation. Various datasets, including clinical scans and data from healthy volunteers, were collected across multiple centers with different magnetic field strengths (3T/5T/7T), with a total of 210 three-dimensional (3D) susceptibility measurements. Manual segmentations following fixed rules for anatomical borders annotated by experts were used as ground truth labels. The proposed network took QSM maps and Magnitude images as two individual inputs, of which the features are selectively enhanced in the proposed magnitude information complete (MIC) module. AGSeg utilized a dual-branch architecture, with Seg-branch aiming to generate a proper segmentation map and Grad-branch to reconstruct the gradient map of regions of interest (ROIs). With the support of the newly designed active gradient module (AGM) and gradient guiding module (GGM), the Grad-branch provided attention guidance for the Seg-branch, facilitating it to focus on the boundary of target nuclei. Ablation studies were conducted to assess the functionality of the proposed modules. Significant performance decrement was observed after ablating relative modules. AGSeg was evaluated against several existing methods on both healthy and clinical data, achieving an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) =0.874 and average 95% Hausdorff distance (HD95) =2.009. Comparison experiments indicated that our model had superior performance on basal ganglia segmentation and better generalization ability over existing methods. The AGSeg outperformed all implemented comparison deep learning algorithms with average DSC enhancement ranging from 0.036 to 0.074. The current work integrates a deep learning-based method into automated basal ganglia segmentation. The high processing speed and segmentation robustness of AGSeg contribute to the feasibility of future surgery planning and intraoperative navigation. Experiments show that leveraging active gradient guidance mechanisms and magnitude information completion can facilitate the segmentation process. Moreover, this approach also offers a portable solution for other multi-modality medical image segmentation tasks.

Aptitude measurement: is measurement validity compromised in the morning.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the General Aptitude Test (GAT), a national instrument for the measurement of aptitude/achievement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a function of daytime testing. Participants were 722 students who took on the GAT across morning and evening administrations in a within-person pre-post design. Participants were matched for gender, parental education, and test center characteristics (i.e., size). The GAT was tested for its psychometric properties and its measurement invariance across time of day. Results pointed to a significant misfit using an exact invariance protocol. Specifically, there was a large number of non-invariant items pointing to Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Second, internal consistency reliabilities were consistently lower during morning testing compared to evening testing as evidenced using both statistical and visual means. Concerns about dimensionality were also raised for the morning compared to the evening administration. Last, comparison of performance levels indicated that morning testing was associated with significant decrements in performance across all domains compared to performance levels during evening testing. The results have implications for the validity of measurement and public testing policy if test validity during morning administration is compromised.

A laboratory model of canine search vigilance decrement, I.

Previous studies have found that infrequent targets can reduce dogs' vigilance. The purpose of this study was to develop a laboratory model to evaluate the effects of infrequent targets on dogs' search behavior and performance. Dogs (n=18) were trained to detect smokeless powder in an automated olfactometer in two distinct rooms ("operational" and "training"). During baseline, the dogs received five daily sessions at a high target odor frequency (90%) in both rooms. Subsequently, the frequency of the target odor was decreased to 10% only in the "operational" room but remained at 90% in the training room. Last, the odor prevalence was returned to 90% in both rooms. All dogs showed a significant decrement in detection performance in the operational room when the target odor frequency was decreased but simultaneusly mantained high performance in the training room. This decrement was largely due to decreases in adequate search behavior. All dogs recovered performance when the odor frequency was increased again to 90%. Trial accuracy was associated with tail position, search score, latency, and duration of environmentally directed behaviors. The data show that low target odor prevalence significantly reduced search behavior and performance and that there are behaviors that can be used by handlers to assess their dog's search state.

Hamiltonian-Based Efficient Algorithms for Legalization with Neighbor Diffusion Effect

Neighbor diffusion effect (NDE) is a crucial aspect in advanced technology node that is well-known for its infamous consequence of significant performance decrement of the circuit. In this paper, we observe that NDE is caused by different diffusion heights (the number of fins) between two adjacent cells, and consider reducing the number of height differences in single row to reduce NDE violations. Ignoring the movement of the cells, we first propose a Hamiltonian-completion-based algorithm that reorders the cells in the row such that the number of NDE violations is reduced to a near-optimal value. Then, for a given fixed integer [Formula: see text], we devise an algorithm to compute the new positions of cells, such that the number of NDE violations is bounded by [Formula: see text] and the maximum displacement is minimized. Moreover, we extend our algorithm for legalization in multiple rows against mixed-height cells. Experimental results show that our algorithm reduces the NDE violations to a near-optimal minimum without any area overheads while achieving a better practical running time compared to baselines conforming with the theoretical analysis.

A randomised controlled trial of 1- versus 2-day per week formats of Nordic hamstring training on explosive athletic tasks in prepubertal soccer players

ABSTRACT This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of volume-equated programmes of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training, executed at frequencies of 1- or 2-days per week, on explosive athletic tasks (30 m sprint, 15 m manoeuvrability and standing long jump [SLJ]) in male youth soccer players (mean age: 10.3 ± 0.5 years). Players were divided into an experimental group (n = 31) which was further subdivided into 1-day (n = 16) and 2-days (n = 15) per week training conditions, and a control group (n = 14). There were significant group-by-time interactions for 30-m sprint (p < 0.001, d = 0.6), SLJ (p = 0.001, d = 1.27) and 15 m manoeuvrability (p < 0.001, d = 0.61). The experimental group demonstrated small to moderate effect sizes in 30-m sprint (d = 0.42, p = 0.077), SLJ (d = 0.97, p < 0.001) and 15 m manoeuvrability (d = 0.61, p < 0.001). The control group showed small significant performance decrements or no change in these variables. There were no significant differences between the 1-day and 2-day training groups. In two of the three tests (30 m sprint, SLJ) the 2-day group demonstrated larger effect sizes. The NHE enhances explosive athletic task performance in prepubertal youth soccer players and there may be only small advantages to spreading training over two days instead of one.

Cognitive-Motor Interference and Cortical Activation While Walking in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.

The present study expands on current understanding of dual-task cognitive-motor interference, by including cortical activation measures to both traditional and ecologically valid dual-task paradigms. Fifteen individuals with multiple sclerosis and 14 control participants underwent mobility testing while wearing functional near-infrared spectroscopy. In the absence of increased prefrontal cortical activation, subjects with multiple sclerosis performed significantly worse on measures of cognition under both single- and dual-task conditions. These findings suggest that persons with multiple sclerosis may be unable to allocate additional cortical resources to cognition under dual-task conditions, leading to significant cognitive-motor interference and decrements in performance. This study is the first to investigate cortical activation across several commonly used and ecologically valid dual-task assessments.

Multiple field tests on landing day: Early mobility may improve postural recovery following spaceflight.

Adaptation to microgravity causes astronauts to experience sensorimotor disturbances during return to Earth leading to functional difficulties. Recently, the Field Test (FT) study involving an incrementally demanding sensorimotor functional test battery has allowed for an unprecedented view into early decrements and recovery from multiple tests conducted on the landing day following 6-months International Space Station missions. Although the protocol was challenging and temporarily increased motion sickness symptoms, there were anecdotal reports that performing these tasks within the first few hours of landing accelerated their recovery. Therefore, results from computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) following return to Houston were used to compare recovery between crewmembers that participated in FT (n = 18) with those that did not (controls, n = 11). While there were significant decrements in postural performance for both groups, some FT participants tended to perform closer to their preflight baseline in the most challenging condition of the CDP sensitive to vestibular function—eyes closed, unstable support and head movements. However, the distribution of difference scores appeared bimodal with other FT participants in the lower range of performance. We attribute these observations to the manner in which the field tests were implemented—some benefitted by encouraging early movement to drive adaptation when performed in a constrained incremental fashion; however, movements above aversive thresholds may have impaired adaptation in others. Challenging the sensorimotor system with increasingly provocative movements performed as close to landing as possible, as long as within individual thresholds, could be a useful intervention to accelerate astronaut’s sensorimotor readaptation that deserves further study.

Using the job demands-resources model to understand and address employee well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

Telecommuting during COVID-19 and the JD-R model Previous research has demonstrated that telecommuting can positively affect employee well-being when it provides employees with greater flexibility, reduces the stress and time costs of commuting, increases employee productivity, and allows employees to better balance their home and work lives (for a review of the benefits of telecommuting, see Mann & Holdsworth, 2003). Job demands refer to the physical, social, or organizational characteristics of the work itself (e.g., role overload, ambiguity, time pressure) that require prolonged physical and/or mental effort by employees and are subsequently associated with significant decrements in employee health and performance over time. Both role ambiguity, defined as a lack of information or unclear information about a given worker’s job or expectations, and role conflict, defined as an individual’s experience of incompatible demands from the different roles they have (e.g., employee and parent), have been consistently associated with decreased job satisfaction and commitment, as well as increased mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety;Fisher & Gitelson, 1983;Tubre & Collins, 2000). [...]it is important for managers to be as transparent and clear as possible when communicating with their teams about how project timelines, priorities, and tasks may be affected during this time.

Time Course of Recovery for Performance Attributes and Circulating Markers of Muscle Damage Following a Rugby Union Match in Amateur Athletes.

Background: We sought to determine the time course of changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle damage following a single rugby union match. Methods: Fourteen male amateur rugby players (28.9 ± 3.5 yrs; 1.7 ± 5.1 m; 86.1 ± 11.1 kg) participated. Plasma activity of creatine kinase ([CK]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-run test (change of direction) and 30-m sprint (T30; speed) with 10-m lap time (T10; acceleration) were assessed on six occasions: one week before the match (PRE) and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-match. Results: Relative to PRE, LDH was elevated immediately post-match (+33.6% ± 13.6%; p < 0.001) and [CK] was elevated immediately (+64.1% ± 38.8%, p = 0.001) and 24 h post-match (+352% ± 317%; p = 0.024). L-run test time increased 16.0 ± 8.7% relative to PRE at 24 h post (p < 0.001) and remained elevated through 96 h post-match (p < 0.05). T10 and T30 times increased relative to PRE immediately post-match (+12.0% ± 10.4%, p = 0.008; and +6.1% ± 4.9%; p = 0.006, respectively), though T30 times were similar to baseline by 48 h post-match whereas T10 times remained elevated through 72 h post-match. Conclusions: A single, competitive rugby union match induces significant muscle damage and performance decrements with distinct time courses of recovery in amateur athletes. Notably, change of direction attributes (i.e., L-run) appear to have the longest time course to full recovery.

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers.

Vigilance degradation usually causes significant performance decrement. It is also considered the major factor causing the out-of-the-loop phenomenon (OOTL) occurrence. OOTL is strongly related to a high level of automation in operative contexts such as the Air Traffic Management (ATM), and it could lead to a negative impact on the Air Traffic Controllers’ (ATCOs) engagement. As a consequence, being able to monitor the ATCOs’ vigilance would be very important to prevent risky situations. In this context, the present study aimed to characterise and assess the vigilance level by using electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. The first study, involving 13 participants in laboratory settings allowed to find out the neurophysiological features mostly related to vigilance decrements. Those results were also confirmed under realistic ATM settings recruiting 10 professional ATCOs. The results demonstrated that (i) there was a significant performance decrement related to vigilance reduction; (ii) there were no substantial differences between the identified neurophysiological features in controlled and ecological settings, and the EEG-channel configuration defined in laboratory was able to discriminate and classify vigilance changes in ATCOs’ vigilance with high accuracy (up to 84%); (iii) the derived two EEG-channel configuration was able to assess vigilance variations reporting only slight accuracy reduction.

Using simulation to explore the impact of device design on the learning and performance of peripheral intravenous cannulation

BackgroundThe design of medical devices impacts upon the performance of healthcare professionals and patient safety. However, multiple devices serving the same function are often available. The purpose of this study was to use simulation as a means of examining the impact of differences in device design on (1) learning of, or attainment of behavioral fluency in, peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC); and (2) the generalization, or transfer, of learning on one device to performance of PIVC using an untrained device.MethodsA total of 25 final cycle medical students participated in this study which used a randomized two-group design. Participants were randomly assigned to learn PIVC using either a closed PIVC device (a single device which consists of an intravenous cannula with a pre-attached extension tube; n = 14) or an open PIVC device (a two-piece device made up of an intravenous cannula and a separate extension tube which is attached following insertion of the cannula; n = 11). Task analyses were developed for the performance of PIVC using each device. Subsequently, simulation-based fluency training was delivered to both groups using their assigned PIVC device, and continued for each participant until the fluency criterion was achieved. Following achievement of fluency, participants were asked to perform PIVC using the untrained device (i.e., the PIVC device that they had not been trained on).ResultsAll participants in both groups met the fluency criterion, and no significant differences were observed in the number of trials or total training required by groups to achieve fluency. Participants in both groups improved significantly from baseline (M = 11.69) to final training trial (M = 100). However, a significant decrement in performance (M = 81.5) was observed when participants were required to perform PIVC using the untrained device.ConclusionsParticipants achieved fluency in PIVC regardless of the device used. However, significant decrements in performance were observed when participants were required to perform PIVC using a novel device. This finding supports the need for careful consideration of devices purchased and supplied in the clinical setting, and the need for training prior to the introduction of novel devices or for new staff members.

Efficacy of Dry Electroencephalography and Cognitive Assessment in Identifying Normobaric Hypoxia in Designated Aviators

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of EEG and cognitive functioning assessments to identify hypoxia in naval aviators. Naval aviators were brought slowly to a 6,096 m exposure to induce normobaric hypoxia while completing a cognitive assessment and a simulated flight task. There were significant reductions in cognitive performance at 6,096 m when compared to sea level. There were no significant changes in EEG-recorded brainwave activity during the 6,096 m exposure compared to sea level. There were also no significant decrements in flight performance at 6,096 m. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of hypoxia on brainwave activity and pilot performance.

Sleep inertia: current insights.

Sleep inertia, or the grogginess felt upon awakening, is associated with significant cognitive performance decrements that dissipate as time awake increases. This impairment in cognitive performance has been observed in both tightly controlled in-laboratory studies and in real-world scenarios. Further, these decrements in performance are exaggerated by prior sleep loss and the time of day in which a person awakens. This review will examine current insights into the causes of sleep inertia, factors that may positively or negatively influence the degree of sleep inertia, the consequences of sleep inertia both in the laboratory and in real-world settings, and lastly discuss potential countermeasures to lessen the impact of sleep inertia.

The Effects of Sleep Loss on Military Physical Performance.

As part of both training and active service, military members can be exposed to prolonged periods of sleep loss. Given the extent of physical and cognitive performances viewed as critical to successful military performance, such sleep disruption may present risk to health and performance. The primary aim of this narrative review was to investigate evidence on the effect of inadequate sleep on measures of aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, muscular strength and muscular endurance in military personnel. Sleep loss appears to have the greatest negative impact on aerobic capacity, muscular endurance and military-specific performance in military populations. The findings showed varied results for handgrip strength and anaerobic capacity, with sleep loss inducing a decrease in mean power of the upper body. In comparison to other measures of performance, lower-body muscular strength appeared to be resilient to sleep restriction. However, due to the limited evidence and inter-individual variability in results there is no clear consensus on the specific volume of sleep loss that induces significant or meaningful performance decrements. The difficulties of conducting well-designed and -controlled interventions in military populations are appreciated. However, due to the low quality of reporting and lack of control for confounders (i.e. physical activity, load carriage, prior sleep debt, motivation and energy intake) in the majority of studies, it is difficult to establish the relationship between sleep loss and physical performance in military populations.

(340) Stroop Task, but not a Pain-Specific Stroop Task, is Associated with Clinical and Experimental Pain in Older Adults

Chronic pain is a cause of disability in older individuals and is commonly associated with executive function deficits. In particular, cognitive inhibitory processes have been previously reported to decline with age and in relation to pain; however, no studies have focused on older individuals with and without pain. The present study investigated cognitive inhibitory processes using a computer adapted Stroop task including neutral, congruent, incongruent and pain-specific paradigms in older (60-93 years old) participants in the Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan (NEPAL) study. A subset of the sample completed demographic, clinical pain assessments followed by a multi-modal quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery and the Stroop paradigm. There were significant differences between older individuals with (n=20) and without (n=34) chronic pain with regards to Stroop-interference and Stroop-facilitation scores (p 0.05). Similarly, Stroop interference and facilitation were inversely correlated to self-reported pain experienced while performing physical activities and cold detection thresholds (p's 0.05). Our findings suggest that inhibitory control as measured by the Stroop task are associated with clinical and experimental pain in older adults with performance deficits in those with chronic pain. These deficits were not related to attentional bias towards pain words; thus, it is possible that the significant decrements in Stroop performance reaches a ceiling effect, with no further decrements in the pain-specific Stroop performance. Future research examining pain and aging interactions in relation to cognitive inhibitory processes may improve our understanding of the impact of pain-related information on executive function in aging.

Assessment of vision in concussion.

To review emerging vision-based assessments in the evaluation of concussion. Involvement of the visual pathways is common following concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury. The visual system contains widely distributed networks that are prone to neurophysiologic changes after a concussion, resulting in visual symptoms and ocular motor dysfunction. Vision-based testing is increasingly used to improve detection and assess head injury. Several rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks, such as the King-Devick test and the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System, show capacity to identify athletes with concussion. Video-oculography (VOG) has gained widespread use in eye-tracking and gaze-tracking studies of head trauma from which objective data have shown increased saccadic latencies, saccadic dysmetria, errors in predictive target tracking, and changes in vergence in concussed individuals. RAN tasks demonstrate promise as rapid screening tools for concussion. Further investigation will involve assessment of the role for age, characterization of learning effects over repeated measurements, and identification of optimal thresholds for clinically significant performance decrements. Various RAN tasks are likely to be functionally distinct, engaging different neural networks according to the demands of each task. Measures of saccades, smooth pursuit eye-movements, the vestibulo-ocular reflex and, more recently, disparity vergence are candidate vision-based markers for concussion. Work to adopt these assessments to the sideline or clinical environments is ongoing.

The Effect of Increased Cognitive Demand on Auditory Processing Assessment.

Auditory processing (AP) is commonly regarded as the perceptual processing of auditory information in the central nervous system. However, the degree to which higher level cognitive processes are involved in AP or its disorders is contentious. Furthermore, there is little evidence regarding the effects of nonauditory cognitive processes on the various tests of AP in common clinical usage and thus on clinical diagnoses of auditory processing disorder. To determine the effects of increased cognitive demand, generated by using a dual-task paradigm, on performance on different AP tests and types of AP tests in common clinical usage. In addition, to investigate the relationship between executive function and changes in AP test performance associated with increased cognitive demand. Counterbalanced repeated measures design, with assessment of AP test performance both on its own and in a dual-task paradigm designed to increase cognitive demand. Twenty-nine young adults, with no reported hearing, learning, language or attention difficulties, English as first language, and hearing and middle-ear status within normal limits. Testing was completed within a single 90-min session. A selection of standard AP tests, representing both adaptive and nonadaptive tests, as well as tests employing difference scores, was administered. These were Competing Sentences Test, Dichotic Digits Test, Frequency Pattern Test (nonadaptive tests); and Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences test, conditions "same-voice, 0°", "different-voice, 0°", and "same-voice, 90°" (adaptive tests), from which the difference scores "talker advantage" and "spatial advantage" were also derived. Each AP test was completed on its own (alone condition), and simultaneously with a visually presented task (dual-task condition). Executive function was assessed using the phonemic subtest of the Verbal Fluency Test. Nonparametric statistical test procedures were used. All five AP measures obtained from the nonadaptive tests showed a significant performance decrement in the dual-task condition compared with the alone condition, with one exception because of a strong ceiling effect. By contrast, none of the three AP measures obtained from the adaptive tests showed a significant performance decrement in the dual-task condition. Furthermore, neither of the two AP measures based on difference scores showed a significant performance decrement, but this finding simply reflects the lack of significant decrements in the relevant raw scores. Consistent with past reports of associations between executive function and AP performance, a significant positive correlation was found between executive function scores and performance on the Dichotic Digits Test. However, there were no significant correlations between executive function scores and changes in AP test scores between alone and dual-task conditions. Performance on commonly used nonadaptive tests of AP was significantly compromised by the increased cognitive demand resulting from the dual-task paradigm. By contrast, performance on AP measures obtained by adaptive test procedures was not significantly affected. Further investigation of the resilience to increased cognitive demand of the adaptive tests used here, and other adaptive tests of AP, is warranted. Results from this study support the further development of computerized adaptive tests of AP for use in clinical test batteries.

Stance and Transition Movement Effects on Marksmanship Performance of Expert Shooters During a Simulated Multiple Target Engagement Task

A primary Soldier skill is the ability to quickly and effectively acquire and engage threats. This research evaluates shooting stances and transition movements of expert shooters when conducting multiple engagements requiring gross body movement across a 50 degree arc. Seven participants were classified during post analysis as utilizing two different unsupported standing firing positions (a narrow-based and wide-based stance) in a loaded and unloaded condition. Marksmanship was assessed using traditional lethality measures, a mobility timing measure, and weapon handling/stability measures. Significant differences were found across performance between the two positions. In a follow-on analysis, participants were categorized into stance type (fighter stance vs. isosceles stance) and transitional movement method (lifted feet vs. grounded). Significant decrements in performance were seen for the isosceles stance and the lift-foot method after the transition to target 2. These results suggest that stance and transition methods are extremely influential on lower-body stability and marksmanship performance.

Braking and performance characteristics of experienced and inexperienced mountain bikers navigating an isolated off-road turn using a brake power meter

ABSTRACTUsing a brake power meter, experienced and inexperienced mountain bikers were tested on an isolated, controlled off-road cycling descent with a turn to determine how riding experience affects the pattern of braking behaviour. Overall braking measurements such as absolute and relative brake work and brake power, as well as brake time, were significantly related to performance time on the track used in this study. Inexperienced mountain bikers displayed greater absolute and relative brake work and brake time, but had lower absolute and relative brake power when compared with experienced mountain bikers, which resulted in a significant performance decrement for inexperienced riders. Experienced mountain bikers concentrated braking efforts to later in the track, which meant that they spent less time at lower speeds. Inexperienced riders displayed a greater reliance on the rear brake, which likely contributed to their overall increased braking variables. The results of this study highlight that differences in braking magnitude and behaviour are attributable to reduced performance on an isolated off-road track with a corner. Inexperienced mountain bike riders may be able to improve their performance by learning braking patterns similar to those of experienced mountain bikers.

Performance Trends During Sleep Deprivation on a Tilt-Based Control Task.

Understanding human behavior under the effects of sleep deprivation allows for the mitigation of risk due to reduced performance. To further this goal, this study investigated the effects of short-term sleep deprivation using a tilt-based control device and examined whether existing user models accurately predict targeting performance. A task in which the user tilts a surface to roll a ball into a target was developed to examine motor performance. A model was built to predict human performance for this task under various levels of sleep deprivation. Every 2 h, 10 subjects completed the task until they reached 24 h of wakefulness. Performance measurements of this task, which were based on Fitts' law, included movement time, task throughput, and time intercept. The model predicted significant performance decrements over the 24-h period with an increase in movement time (R2 = 0.61), a decrease in throughput (R2 = 0.57), and an increase in time intercept (R2 = 0.60). However, it was found that in experimental trials there was no significant change in movement time (R2 = 0.11), throughput (R2 = 0.15), or time intercept (R2 = 0.27). The results found were unexpected as performance decrement is frequently reported during sleep deprivation. These findings suggest a reexamination of the initial thought of sleep loss leading to a decrement in all aspects of performance.Bolkovsky JB, Ritter FE, Chon KH, Qin M. Performance trends during sleep deprivation on a tilt-based control task. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(7):626-633.