Significant Number Of Employees Research Articles

The Determinants of Part-Time Employment in the Philippines: Pre-Pandemic and During Pandemic

This study looked into how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the determinants of part-time employment in the Philippines. Amartya Sen has mentioned that one disparity in a person’s function capability is the occurrence of disasters such as the pandemic. Evidently, employment across the globe has been greatly affected by the pandemic as mentioned in the literature. The effect of the pandemic has been evident in the Philippines due to the policies implemented by the government such as lockdowns and other protocols to control the spread of the virus. As such due to the restrictions, a significant number of employees have lost their jobs and some engaged in part-time employment. By bridging the gap in the literature, the study looked into how the COVID-19 pandemic affects part-time employment in the Philippines by using multinomial logistic regression and making the COVID-19 pandemic an interaction time variable on the determinants. The results showed the determinants of part-time employment in the Philippines and the relationship of these determinants to part-time employment that changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the part of the government and business sector have also been drawn from this result of the study.

The impacts of visual comfort on pediatric oncology intensive care units

Abstract Patient's discomfort in hospital Intensive Care Units (ICUs) regarding infrastructure, the lack of natural light and complementary artificial light, as well as colours found in these environments are important humanization concerns directly affecting the physical and emotional well-being of patients, caregivers and the multidisciplinary team, especially in paediatric oncology ICUS, which are stressful environments. This paper sought to answer relevant questions about visual comfort and traces of stress experienced by caregivers and a multidisciplinary team in a paediatric oncology ICU. For this purpose, a Visual Comfort Questionnaire and a Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory were applied to obtain participants´ feedback at a [hospital] in Brazil. The results showed that caregivers and employees pointed out the need to have more windows in the environment, addressing the importance of natural light for physical and emotional well-being. Based on this, a significant number of employees and companions associate stress to the everyday life in the ICU, which occurred mainly in the intermediate (resistance) or final (exhaustion) phases, according to the Lipp scale. These results showed the importance of a broader approach to hospital humanization.

A system of measures to achieve the efficiency of the production processes of the enterprise

The paper considers the methodology for calculating and analyzing the efficiency indicators of production processes, systematizes the efficiency indicators that reflect the economic efficiency of the use of production resources. The analysis of the cost level of Public Joint Stock Company “Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port” for key production processes was carried out. Based on the calculated resource intensity indicators, the amount of relative savings / overspending of resources, as well as the efficiency of their use in a particular production process, is determined. An important point in the work is the calculation and analysis of generalizing indicators of the efficiency of the activity of the analyzed company, which showed the excess of spending limits and the involvement of excess resources in production and economic activities with the current volume of production. Based on the calculations, a matrix of the ratio of effectiveness and efficiency is presented, the construction of which made it possible to draw a conclusion about the uneconomical and ineffective activities of the enterprise. In order to identify the reasons for this situation, the author conducted a SWOT analysis of the production processes efficiency of the company in question, which involves identifying strengths and weaknesses, opportunities for improvement and threats of deterioration. The conducted assessment of the efficiency of production processes made it possible to assess the validity of the costs incurred by the enterprise and develop measures to optimize them. The system of measures to achieve the efficiency of production processes proposed by the author is of great importance, since this type of company has a developed infrastructure and a significant number of employees, which affects the level of its costs. The main ways to achieve cost-effectiveness of production processes are aimed at optimizing not only production, but also management costs, which is especially relevant in modern crisis conditions.

AUDIT OF CALCULATIONS FOR PAYMENTS TO EMPLOYEES AT THE ENTERPRISE

The purpose of the article is to study the organization and methodology of audit of payments to employees at the enterprise. The methodology consists in the use of the following methods: method of observation, methods of analysis and synthesis, monographic method, method of generalization. The scientific novelty of the work is to improve the organization and methodology of audit of payments to employees, which will objectively evaluate the level of these payments in the total costs of the enterprise, to verify the correctness of the formation of employee benefits under current legislation at enterprises. Conclusions. In modern business conditions, accounting of payments to employees of constant control and improvement. Any incorrect entry, error in calculations, lack of documentation, incorrect approach to the formation of wages, other payments can cause not only problems with the calculation of wages and other payments to employees, but also lead to incorrect reflection of other economic indicators of the enterprise. Audit of employee benefits usually takes up a significant portion of the audit, as this area of accounting is quite specific and requires the auditor to pay more attention and concentration. However, it should be noted that there is no single approach to the organization and methodology of the audit, namely: experts suggest considering the audit of payments as a list of issues to be investigated. The lack of a systematic approach to the audit of payment settlements makes it impossible to consider this process comprehensively, in accordance with a clearly defined purpose and objectives of the audit. Payments, as the object of the audit, need special attention because it is a time-consuming and voluminous stage, during which it is impossible to conduct a continuous audit. At the enterprises with a significant number of employees, it is almost impossible to verify salary transactions in a continuous manner in the short period of time allotted for the for the conduction of audit. That is why the audit mainly uses a selective method of checking documents and transactions on salary, which is justified and appropriate, although not sufficiently developed. That is why audit the calculations of payments to employees at the enterprise is important. Keywords: audit, payments to employees, salary, audit of payment settlements.

Влияние кризиса пандемии вируса Сovid-19 на малый и средний бизнес

Introduction. Throughout the existence of the Russian Federation, its economy is constantly being shaken by crises, and the year 2020 was no exception, when the Covid crisis broke out in the country, as a result of which service enterprises were badly affected. In this regard, we believe that assessing the impact of the current crisis on small and medium-sized businesses, as well as analyzing state support measures, is an urgent and timely task being solved by economic science. Theoretical analysis. Around the world, small and medium-sized businesses are the backbone of the economy, since in developed countries their share occupies more than 80%. The increased attention and demand of this sphere is due to their high adaptability to crisis situations, as well as the involvement of a significant number of employees in the business. As for Russian realities, in the early 1990s, the demand for this type of enterprise was insignificant, due to the legacy of the Soviet Union in the form of large monopolies, but in the process of transformation and the transition to the digital economy, the country’s government is forming infrastructure aimed at supporting this sector. Empirical analysis. The response in developed countries of the world (USA, Germany, Italy, UK) to the Covid-19 crisis was the support of entrepreneurs in the form of interest-free lending, deferral of loan and leasing payments, and employee benefits. In Russia, on the one hand, the rescue package was close to the world one, but in fact many entrepreneurs were unable to take advantage of them, due to high bureaucracy and a weak regulatory and legislative framework. Results. The Covid crisis has largely struck the Russian service sector, as a result, more than 3 million entrepreneurs are on the verge of closing their businesses, and some have already become bankrupt. The negative factors that aggravated the situation were also: a decrease in real incomes of the population, a decrease in oil prices and economic sanctions against Russia. As a result of a circumstances combination, the economy plunged into crisis and the Government of the Russian Federation was forced to develop measures aimed at maintaining small and medium-sized businesses, but these measures are not enough and enterprises continue to close. The only positive point is the transition of most enterprises to an online format, which brings the country closer to the digital economy.

Challenges in the Tourism Industry During COVID-19 Pandemic in Kosovo

From March 2020 to early June 2020, Kosovo introduced various travel restriction measures for foreign nationals, including entry bans, closure of land and air border crossings, two-week quarantine, and self-isolation. From March to May, the country was almost completely blocked, where the activities of the tourism industry were strictly prohibited while businesses encountered great difficulties to operate and provide services, the number of jobseekers in the country increased significantly, precisely because of the cessation of activities, because this sector is considered to be one of the sectors that contributes the most to employment in our country, despite the fact that some of these businesses are family businesses. A significant number of employees in these sectors in our country may lose their jobs, as a result of the situation created, and this will further deepen the tourism industry, mainly due to the decline in the volume of remittances and tourism diaspora in Kosovo. While restrictive measures may have had a positive impact on curbing the spread of the virus, and preventing the escalation of the health crisis, the effect and consequences of closing the economy for months is severe for the tourism industry.

An Approach to Corporate Volunteering in Spain

This study aims to analyse the role of corporate volunteerism in the framework of corporate social responsibility of enterprises. After reviewing the active components in the employee volunteering concept, we present the steps taken at the European level in this area, focusing on Spain’s situation. We start with a search and comparison of information on the topic published by the major Spanish listed companies. This first approach verifies that the data are disclosed from various sources and presented heterogeneously. Then, we identify the sector that concentrates a more significant number of employees in volunteer activities. Subsequently, we focus on this sector to explore the type of volunteer activities these companies reveal according to Spanish legislation. The study sheds light on corporate governance practices, especially the disclosure of information about this activity type.

МЕТОДИКА СЕГМЕНТУВАННЯ РЕГІОНІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЗА СТАНОМ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ

The article proposes a methodical approach to segmenting the regions of the national economy by the state of the agricultural sector. The assessment of the state of the agricultural sector of the regions and their segmentation was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, two parameters are set for evaluation and segmentation: the volume of agricultural production in farms of all categories and the number of employed population in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The level of each region according to the selected parameters (high or low) was determined relative to their average value. As a result, four groups of regions were obtained: with significant volumes of agricultural production and with a significant number of employees; with insignificant volumes of production and with a significant number of employees; with significant production volumes and a small number of employees; with insignificant volumes of production and with insignificant number of employees. In the second stage, evaluation and segmentation were conducted to determine the specialization of the agricultural sector of the regions (livestock, crop production). Grouping by relevant specialization is carried out according to the following parameters: the number of enterprises engaged in agricultural activities; the number of employees in enterprises engaged in agricultural activities; agricultural products per capita; sown areas of crops; gross harvest of cereals and legumes; gross harvest of sunflower, potatoes, vegetables, fruit and berry crops; raising farm animals; production of meat, milk, eggs and wool. The ratings of the regions of the national economy were determined for each of the indicators selected for analysis, and then the arithmetic mean of these ratings was calculated. According to the results of the analysis of the calculated average values of regional ratings for indicators that separately characterize the development of crop production and livestock development, Vinnytsia, Poltava, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Khmelnytsky regions are almost equally focused on both crop and livestock production - they occupy almost identical positions in two different ratings; the agricultural sector of such regions as Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Kirovohrad, Chernihiv and Mykolayiv specializes in crop production; the agricultural sector of Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, and Volyn oblasts is mostly focused on animal husbandry.

Применение обучающих модулей при формировании риск-ориентированного мышления специалистов нефтедобывающей отрасли

Introduction. The relevance of the presented work is, first of all, due to the significant number of employees of oil companies. There are more than a million of such specialists working in Russia. At the same time, world statistics claim that more than a third of critical deviations in the health indicators of workers are associated with harmful production factors. In order to avoid the relevant risks, it is important, in particular, to organize productive training in labor safety standards and rules, and to form risk-oriented thinking. Problem Statement. The conducted research is aimed, first, at identifying typical occupational risks in the field of oil production. The Standard Regulation on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System developed by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation is used as the basis for classification. Secondly, the features of modular training in labor safety standards and rules, taking into account the risks in the workplace, are justified. Theoretical Part. The regulatory and legal framework of labor protection, including enterprises with high accident risks, is considered. The paper provides key professions and main labor functions taking into account the production practices of two oil-producing enterprises operating in Russia. The analysis of actual workplaces and regulatory documents allowed us to establish typical occupational risks for the specialties under consideration. The recommendations for improving the system of training in labor safety standards and rules are proposed. Conclusions. Occupational risks are identified from the list of hazards presented in the Standard Regulation on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. The recommendations for the implementation of the identified occupational risks in the system of training in occupational safety standards and rules are proposed. With this information, you can reduce the time spent on identifying occupational risks in oil production, which generally optimizes the risk management of this field.

Impacts of Pandemics on Economy - Focusing on the Measures and Employee Performance in Banking Industry of Pakistan during COVID-19

This study deals with the impacts of pandemics on economy with the focus lying on the banking sector of Pakistan. This work centers on the recent pandemic of Corona Virus that instigated in late 2019. COVID-19 is not the single pandemic observed by the nations. However, the span of its outbreak is larger than those occurred earlier. This occurrence has affected the health and life of people. Besides, it is also causing strokes to the economies. Pakistan is one of the developing nations those came across with the hit. Nevertheless, banks are the only business that is operating with almost its full capacity even though many other businesses are either closed or working partially and lockdown is being observed in the country. Responses from 112 bank employees working in Pakistan obtained regarding their stance during COVID-19 and resultant lockdown. The study explores that bank employees in Pakistan are not satisfied with the financial benefits that must have been provided to work in this situation. Moreover, a significant number of employees is also having trouble due to the non-availability of appropriate conveyance facility because public transport is not available under lockdown. This condition, if prevails further, may cause employees’ demotivation, reduced productivity and economic slowdown in the long run.

Andragogical staff in prison and correctional facilities: Between needs and reality

Bearing in mind the specific nature of education, training and upskilling of prisoners during their prison term, and the ambivalent relationship that the profession and the science have towards that kind of practice, in this article we have tried to answer the following questions by analyzing the data from the Administration for Enforcement of Penal Sanctions: who are the educators, and what is the initial education of staff employed in services providing qualification and employment training practice. We have presented here the data on professional development and knowledge and skills that the staff lack in working with prisoners, based on the results of research conducted in 2016 on a convenience sample (51 employees in these two offices in PCF Požarevac, Zabela and Sremska Mitrovica). The analyzed data have confirmed what we already know, that the significant number of employees in Serbian prisons do not have professional competence for working with prisoners based on their initial education (history teachers, teachers of Marxism, defense and protection teachers, geography teachers, political scientists, mechanical engineers). It is necessary to organize additional education and/or to engage experts in certain fields to improve the practice and create new programs in order to decrease prisoners' recidivism. Prisoners are entitled to education and training with the aim of successful integration in everyday life and the increase of their chances for employment. Andragogical disciplines should be responsible for planning, organization, realization and evaluation of education and training of prisoners. Only staff equipped with such broad education, including in lifelong, non-formal and informal education and learning, can be useful in organization and practice of resocialization, training and reintegration of prisoners. Educational make-up, that is, professional competences of the large number of staff within the services for prisoners' education and training practice are not in accordance with the specific needs of the prison population they are working with.

Shiftwork Is Not Associated with Increased Risk of NAFLD: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

There is increased focus on the metabolic impact of shiftwork, especially given the significant number of employees who work nighttime or rotating shifts. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between shiftwork and the risk of NAFLD. We used aggregated data from the 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We defined NAFLD by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (males: AST>40 or ALT>37; females: AST>31 or ALT>31) in the absence of excessive alcohol use and viral hepatitis. We defined shiftworkers as participants who self-reported currently working regular night shifts or rotating shifts. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable logistic regression. Overall, 8159 participants aged 20-79years reported working at a job or business using the NHANES Occupation Questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Of these, 11.1% were classified as shiftworkers. Compared to non-shiftworkers, shiftworkers were younger, were less likely to be non-Hispanic White, and have health insurance or health care. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 15.7%. NAFLD occurred more frequently in shiftworkers (17.0%) than non-shiftworkers (15.5%). However, in the overall multivariable analysis, shiftwork was not associated with the risk of NAFLD (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.43). The findings from this NHANES-based cross-sectional study do not support an association between shiftwork and increased risk of NAFLD.

BCA’s employer branding – the challenge ahead

BCA’s employer branding – the challenge ahead

Individual Differences in 401(k) Plan Allocation Choices

Insufficient retirement savings behavior practiced by a significant number of employees underscores the importance of understanding the characteristics of those individuals most likely to choose th...

Individual Differences in 401(k) Plan Allocation Choices

Insufficient retirement savings behavior practiced by a significant number of employees underscores the importance of understanding the characteristics of those individuals most likely to choose the default contribution and asset allocation vehicles of an organization. We conducted an experiment of savings behavior involving 217 subjects asked to make choices about allocating 401(k) funds and investing those funds in investment vehicles. Individuals who specified their own allocation amounts invested significantly more money versus those who accepted a default. Psychological and demographic factors also predicted higher investment dollars and higher-risk investment choices. Changes in ambiguity tolerance significantly affected men’s decisions to choose high-risk investments for their 401(k) dollars, but these psychological variables did not affect women’s high-risk investment decisions. We offer implications for future research and practice.

Who Can Help Working Students?

A significant number of employees attend graduate school, and the impact of the student role may be substantial and valuable to the work-life literature. In this study the authors examine whether psychological involvement in graduate school increases school-work facilitation. Further, they suggest that employers and graduate schools can provide social support resources that will strengthen the relationship between psychological involvement and school-work facilitation, thereby creating a win-win situation for both student and employer. The study results suggest that the interaction between psychological school involvement and social support in the school and work domains produce stronger levels of school-work facilitation. Specifically, co-worker support, classmate support and supervisor support strengthened the relationship between involvement and facilitation.

The Phenomenon of Organizational Resentment

A significant number of employees have developed powerful, yet largely unexplained attitudes of dislike, disdain, and bitterness toward their employers. What is the nature of these strong and potentially destructive thoughts, feelings, and actions? To answer this question, I introduce the concept of organizational resentment. First, I explicate the key role that justice and power plays in the suppression of this unrecognized concept in the field of management. I specifically argue that organizational resentment is a negative attitude that individuals have toward organizations composed of indignant cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. I discuss the validity, value, and proper level of analysis of organizational resentment as well. Following my overview and conceptualization of this phenomenon, I offer a substantive research agenda with specific propositions, and I conclude with the managerial implications.

Policies Controlling Use of Computer-Based Resources in Small Businesses

To protect themselves from legal liability resulting from employee misuse of computer-based resources, small businesses need well-defined policies and practices assuring acceptable use of the organization's computer network and related resources. This study analyzed the risks and legal implications that parallel employee use of computing technologies, such as e-mail and Internet, and the rights of employers to monitor employee use of computer-based resources. A survey of small businesses in Arkansas indicated that a significant number of employees within the organizations have access to computer-based resources. Sixty-eight percent of the organizations use at least one technique of monitoring employee use of these resources, yet fewer than half store and formally review employee computer files and e-mails or review Internet activity. Only 38% of the small businesses have formal policies regulating use of computer-based resources. Although the majority of all respondents are aware of their right to monitor use of computer-based resources, many are less aware of potential organizational legal risks that could be faced as a result of system misuse.

Restructuring and Organization: Managementʼs Role in Defining Organizational Culture

The lights are on late in evening in executive suite of St. Swizzlestick Hospital as Executive Team meets to consider organization's future. All along, management has recognized that there have been huge shifts in volume of activity, and while pleased with their hospital's competitive position, it was very clear that its main revenue stream-inpatient care-was gradually being diminished. They always knew that future would see fewer people working within organization, and they expected to deal with this lower volume in some thoughtful, deliberative way. Recent financial reports, however, have shaken their belief in more prolonged, leisurely pace at which they anticipated reducing size of organization. In fact, last several months had yielded major losses-something that until Executive Team had yet to face, and something that certainly disappointed trustees. The problem was further compounded when Executive Team recognized that many of managed care contracts they had successfully negotiated, which called for a per diem arrangement, had turned out to be financially disastrous, as length of stay dropped precipitously by as much as 30 percent over last year and a half. The team finally had to realize that economic downturn of hospital was not a temporary phenomenon. Combined with a lesser volume and prejudicial managed care contracts, hospital's revenue, in immediate and long-term future, was likely to be significantly less than anticipated. The team's choices at this late-night session were difficult. It was clear that failure to stop bleeding could have disastrous results. Most obvious was that it would begin quickly to damage hospital's financial ratios, which could possibly call into question its bond covenants and, if unchecked, ultimately weaken its credit worthiness. This would have disastrous long-term results, not only financially but for hospital's image. The truth of adage the future is now sunk home with this group of executives with startling reality. The desperateness of situation caused significant tension in room. It was clear that this group could no longer avoid obvious. While no one wanted to be accused of a knee-jerk reaction, clearly some immediate attention was absolutely necessary. The proposals were quickly and quietly outlined on blackboard. They included such obvious opportunities as limiting travel policy, canceling special events, and reviewing all purchasing decisions. It was quickly realized that monetary effect of these changes fell far short of what was needed to reverse situation. The management team was then faced with fact that in an organization whose expenses are from 50 to 60 percent personnel related, any effective reaction would necessitate a cutback of employees. There, in that executive suite, managers came face-to-face with most dreaded decision that employers must make, particularly if they have a sincere regard and affection for their employees. The future viability of organization was very much in question, and failure to act would have longterm consequences. Yet realization that a significant number of employees could be cut back was a very unhappy thought. This scenario is being repeated in executive suites of hospitals and healthcare systems across this country. In some cases warning signs were present for years and management simply failed to acknowledge or address them. In other cases, financial fortunes reversed much quicker, and while it was always management's intent to deal with issue, it was caught off guard with rapidity with which financial situation deteriorated. In either case, need for action is evident. Downsizing, Reengineering, and Restructuring: Long-Term Implications for Healthcare Organizations deals analytically with elements involved in reducing labor costs and reviews most recent literature and experiences researchers have had with these cost-cutting tools. …

Unions in the 21st Century

There have been no specific causes as to why declines in unionization have occurred over the past 20 or 30 years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Surveys indicate that between 1961 and 1984, a significant number of employees in unions declined to 51 % from 73%. This decline was among production employees within metropolitan areas, and dipped to 12% from 17% for non-supervisory clerical workers. It has been found that declines in union membership can be attributed to employment shifts, and that job change has different affects depending on if the shift entails an employee change. Unions have been fighting to maintain both membership and public approval. Although union approval declined until 1981, people's attitudes toward organized labor never became negative. This study has found that the percentage of the general public that approves of unions has increased recently in many important areas. The key to success of unions in the 21st Century seems to lie in the creation of a cooperative atmosphere between organized labor and management. In order to do so, unions must realize and address issues of importance to the changing work force and give voice to the skill demands of workers, more women in the work force, and the current health care crisis. The 21st Century holds in store for unions an image of reduced health care costs, greater participation by previously unorganized segments of the work force, and better understanding and an adaption to technological changes. All of these things will help corporations keep their costs lower and retain more employees, leading to greater job security, improved relations between labor and management, and more satisfied workers.