Significant Moderating Effect Research Articles

CSR perceptions, meaningful work and innovative behaviors: the moderated mediation effects of co-worker instrumental and emotional support

PurposeThis study examines the role of meaningful work in mediating the relationship between employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and innovative behavior. This study further examines how co-worker support, both instrumental and emotional, moderates the meaningful work–innovative behavior relationship.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing survey data from 355 employees in South Korea with a two-wave longitudinal design, path modeling with the M-plus PROCESS macro was performed to analyze the mediation and second-stage moderated mediation effects.FindingsThe results showed that the relationship between employee CSR perceptions and innovative behavior was mediated by meaningful work. Co-worker instrumental support strengthened the meaningful work–innovative behavior relationship, whereas co-worker emotional support had no significant moderating effect. The three-way interaction analysis indicated that the meaningful work–innovative behavior relationship was weakest when co-worker instrumental support was low. Additionally, instrumental support by co-workers moderated the indirect effect of CSR perceptions on innovative behavior via meaningful work.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature on CSR perceptions and meaningful work. Our focus on meaningful work as a key psychological mechanism provides insights into how and why employee CSR perceptions promote desirable outcomes including innovative behavior, an underexplored yet important outcome. Furthermore, by identifying co-worker instrumental support as a significant boundary condition, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the social context that promotes innovative behavior.

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computerized Adaptive Testing on the Motivation and Emotion of Examinees

Abstract: Findings on the motivational and emotional effects of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) compared to nonadaptive testing (NCAT) have been heterogeneous and inconclusive so far. This meta-analysis aims to determine the specific effects of CAT better by analyzing several moderator variables related to the test, the examinee, and the test setting. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies needed to be original, correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental studies in English, German, or Chinese, and they needed to compare CAT to NCAT regarding motivational and/or emotional states. A three-level random-effects model with motivation, negative emotion, and positive emotion as dependent variables was estimated. The risk of bias and publication bias were examined. Twenty-seven studies with a total of 190 effect sizes were analyzed. The overall effect of CAT was not significant for motivation and negative emotion and significant for positive emotion after publication bias correction. The moderator analysis showed significant moderator effects for “test speededness” on motivation and positive emotion, “instantaneous feedback on given responses” and “possibility of response revision” on positive emotion, and “average difficulty of presented items” on negative emotion. For CAT configurations, it is recommended to avoid speededness, present easy items, allow for response revision, and provide feedback.

The association between trait mindfulness and sleep problems: A three-level meta-analysis.

Trait mindfulness has shown potential in relieving the symptoms related to sleep problems, but the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep problems varies across studies. To explore this association and obtain reliable estimates, a three-level meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. A comprehensive literature search identified 86 studies involving 87 independent samples and 35,521 participants. A total of 441 effect sizes were analyzed. The study indicated a negative association between trait mindfulness and sleep problems. Furthermore, the meta-analysis revealed significant moderating effects of study design, mindfulness facets, and measurement for trait mindfulness on this relationship. This study suggests that trait mindfulness is closely related to the alleviation of sleep problems. Furthermore, trait mindfulness is vital important in strengthening prevention and intervention measures targeting individuals' sleep problems.

CEO Personality on Strategic Agility and Organisational Performance of Selected Airlines in Kenya

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the moderating effect of CEO personality on the relationship between strategic insight, internal response orientation and external response orientation on organizational performance of selected Aviation airlines in Kenya. The study was guided by Balance score card and explanatory research dynamic capabilities theory design was used for this investigation. The study was done at eight (8) selected aviation airlines in Kenya. The study population included the top four (4) managers of each selected airlines (Executive CEO, financial manager, marketing manager and operations manager), 125 middle level managers, 160 middle level operational managers and 185 managers on ground handling ticketing/dispatching staff from the selected airline making a total target population of 502. The sample size for the study was 223 respondents. The study used simple random sampling to select respondents. This study used primary sources of data to produce quantitative information. The data were collected from the respondents’ using questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistical techniques: mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages and inferential statistics techniques: multiple regressions, and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. The analyzed data was presented on tables. The study results showed that strategic insight had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Internal response orientation had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. External response orientation had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. CEO personality had a negative and significant moderating effect on the relationship between strategic insight and organizational performance. CEO personality has a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between internal response orientation and organizational performance. CEO personality has a negative and significant moderating effect on the relationship between external response orientation and organizational performance. The study reveals that CEO personality significantly affect the relationship between strategic insight, internal response orientation and organizational performance. A higher CEO personality negatively affects strategic insight, positively enhances internal response orientation, and negatively impacts external response orientation, indicating a negative effect on organizational performance. Since CEO personality have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between external response orientation and organizational performance. Organizations should consider this when evaluating the effectiveness of their external response strategies and selecting CEOs who can effectively navigate and adapt to external challenges.

A meta‐analysis of the association between teacher support and school engagement

AbstractSchool engagement is a multidimensional concept describing how students behave, feel, and think. Previous meta‐analyses suggest that school engagement may be underpinned by specific aspects of teacher support. However, given that school engagement is also multifaceted, it is important to examine how each aspect of school engagement is related to different aspects of teacher support. Thus, a meta‐analysis was conducted to ascertain the magnitude of the association between different domains of teacher support and various dimensions of school engagement. We also considered the moderating roles of study (e.g., study design) and sample characteristics (e.g., school level). Of the 1249 studies identified from three databases, 141 studies (i.e., 525,129 students) met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that teacher support was positively associated with school engagement, but the magnitude of this association differed depending on which aspects of teacher support and school engagement were examined. Significant moderating effects were evident for sample language discrepancy (i.e., discrepancy between the language spoken by the student at home and in school), school level, sex, study design, and informants. Current findings emphasize a need to adopt a comprehensive approach when examining teacher support and school engagement. Findings also suggest the importance of fostering an emotionally supportive school context to promote school engagement among students. Implications for educational research and practice are discussed.

A Mechanistic Study of Enterprise Digital Intelligence Transformation, Innovation Resilience, and Firm Performance

Enterprise Digital Intelligence Transformation is based on the Digital Conversion of information and process service upgrading, further touching the enterprise’s core business, with the goal of building a new business model of Digital Intelligence Transformation at a higher level. Based on dynamic capability theory, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the mechanism of enterprise Digital Intelligence Transformation and firm performance. This paper selects manufacturing companies listed in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, and analyzes and tests the sample data using empirical research methods in order to explore the actual impact of Digital Intelligence Transformation on firm performance, including the specific pathways of action and moderating effects. This study helps enterprises to positively face the megatrend of Digital Intelligence Transformation and upgrading and the challenges it brings, and to grasp the new opportunities in the digital era. This study finds that enterprises carry out digital empowerment transformation and development strategies, and implement information Digital Conversion, service upgrading, and Digital Intelligence Transformation to promote firm performance to different degrees. Enterprise innovation resilience has a mechanism effect between information digitalization conversion enterprise performance and process service upgrading enterprise performance. The higher the environmental uncertainty, the greater the positive contribution of information digitalization to firm performance. Digital Conversion is the base and service upgrading is the process. The current sample enterprises have limited years of data collection, and most of them have only carried out the strategic implementation of Digital Conversion or servitization, and have not reached the high-level stage of digital and intellectual transformation. Therefore, it is found that enterprise innovation resilience has not yet shown a significant role mechanism effect between digital–intelligent transformation and enterprise performance at present. And environmental uncertainty has not yet shown a significant moderating effect in the stage of Servitization Upgrading and digital–intelligent transformation. The marginal contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following: (1) This study introduces the dynamic capability theory to explore the role of Digital Intelligence Transformation (Digital Conversion + service upgrading) on enterprise performance. (2) This paper investigates the role of Digital Intelligence Transformation in influencing the performance of enterprises from the Digital Conversion and service upgrading phases, and enriches the relevant role and regulatory mechanisms. (3) This study provides new ideas and strategic suggestions on Digital Intelligence Transformation for enterprises with different factor intensities, at different stages of development, and in different regions.

Insomnia symptoms as a mediator between school connectedness and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal model.

School connectedness is related to suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents. However, little is known about the mediating role of insomnia symptoms in the school connectedness-SI link. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal mediating effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between school connectedness and SI as well as the moderating effect of sex using a three-wave longitudinal design. A total of 3110 adolescents completed three online surveys. Data were collected over the course of 1 year, in three waves 6 months apart. Participants completed the School Connectedness Scale, Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale, Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and a self-compiled demographic questionnaire. Linear regressions and mediation analyses were performed to examine the associations between school connectedness, insomnia symptoms and SI. School connectedness had a significant mediating effect on SI through insomnia symptoms (βa×b = -.03, 95% confidence interval = -0.04, -0.02) after controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses showed that insomnia symptoms accounted for 23.1% of the total effects in the entire sample, with 13.3% in males and 27.3% in females. Sex had no significant moderating effect on the school connectedness-SI link association. The association between school connectedness and SI appears to be mediated by insomnia symptoms. Assessing and promoting school connectedness, as well as intervening and treating distress associated with insomnia, may have important clinical implications for reducing the risk of SI in adolescents.

Social Network Contact Frequency and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Digital Capabilities

The aims of this study were to identify (a) the social network contact frequency of the elderly with children, relatives, and friends; (b) the impact of contact frequency (face-to-face/non-face-to-face) on life satisfaction of the elderly; and (c) the moderating effect of digital capabilities of the elderly on the relationship between social contact frequency and life satisfaction. Data were obtained from the National Survey of Older Koreans 2020. The sample comprised 6,119 adults aged 65+ who were in single or couple households. The principal findings were as follows. First, couple households, higher levels of education, and better health status increased life satisfaction of the elderly. Second, the higher the frequency of face-to-face contact with children and the higher the frequency of non-face-to-face contact with friends, the more positive the effect on life satisfaction of the elderly. Third, the interaction effect of the digital capabilities of the elderly differed according to children, relatives and friends. There was a significant and positive moderating effect on the relationship between life satisfaction and the frequency of face-to-face/non-face-to-face contact with children and the frequency of face-to-face contact with relatives. Conversely, there was a significant negative effect on the relationship between life satisfaction and the frequency of face-to-face/non-face-to-face contact with friends. By examining the impact of non-face-toface contact on life satisfaction of the elderly in the era of digital transformation, the findings have significance in that they provide basic data to support policies and education programs aimed at improving the digital capabilities of the elderly.

Exploring the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents.

Previous research suggests potential moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, relevant research is mainly conducted on adult women from Western countries, and limited evidence exists for adolescent samples, especially from non-Western contexts (e.g., China). Thus, this study aimed to examine the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents. We recruited 545 Chinese adolescents (53.9% boys, aged 12-16 years) who completed measures of body dissatisfaction, dispositional mindfulness, body image flexibility, and disordered eating. Moderation analyses were examined with PROCESS macro on SPSS. In separate models, both higher dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility weakened relationships between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, when both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility were entered into the same moderation model, only body image flexibility showed a significant moderating effect. Both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility may weakenthe association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescents. However, body image flexibility might have a stronger effect than dispositional mindfulness. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction to prevent disordered eating in adolescents may pay more attention to adolescents' body image flexibility.

FACT OR FICTION? — CLIMATE CHANGE RISK AND TRADE CREDIT

The economic consequences of frequent weather events at the firm level have received considerable attention in recent years. This study empirically investigates the impact of climate change risk on firms’ trade credit, using Chinese-listed firms as research subjects. The results suggested that climate change risk has a negative impact on corporate trade credit by deepening firms’ financial distress and lowering the level of industry competitiveness. Both digital transformation and government transparency were found to have a significant negative moderating effect. Heterogeneity analyses showed that firms without environmental background executives, nonstate-owned firms, and nongreen firms were more significantly affected. Finally, we found that the green, low-carbon city pilot policy had a benign effect on corporate trade credit.

Factors influencing the purchase intention toward electric vehicles; a nonuser perspective

PurposeThe demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased in recent years, though some countries like Sri Lanka have reported the opposite direction compared to the global trend. Hence, this study focused on identifying factors affecting EV purchase intention and barriers to the widespread adoption of EVs in a developing country context. Also, this study presents an overview of the theoretical perspectives utilized for understanding consumer intentions and adoption behavior toward alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs).Design/methodology/approachThe questionnaire method was employed, and 394 individuals who lived in Colombo City, Sri Lanka, with valid driving licenses and a hybrid or conventional vehicle were the study sample. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the research hypothesis.FindingsThe findings confirmed that the three relationships between the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) variables and EV purchase intention are significant, and there is no significant moderator effect from the consumer’s perceived risk.Originality/valueThese results offer useful information for governments and EV companies to better understand consumer behavior toward purchasing EVs.

The interaction effect of high social support and resilience on functional connectivity using seed-based resting-state assessed by 7-Tesla ultra-high field MRI.

Recent resilience research has increasingly emphasized the importance of focusing on investigating the protective factors in mentally healthy populations, complementing the traditional focus on psychopathology. Social support has emerged as a crucial element within the complex interplay of individual and socio-environmental factors that shape resilience. However, the neural underpinnings of the relationship between social support and resilience, particularly in healthy subjects, remain largely unexplored. With advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as ultra-high field MRI at 7T and beyond, researchers can more effectively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying these factors. Thus, our study employed ultra-high field rs-fMRI to explore how social support moderates the relationship between psychological resilience and functional connectivity in a healthy cohort. We hypothesized that enhanced social support would amplify resilience-associated connectivity within neural circuits essential for emotional regulation, cognitive processing, and adaptive problem-solving, signifying a synergistic interaction where strong social networks bolster the neural underpinnings of resilience. (n = 30). Through seed-based functional connectivity analyses and interaction analysis, we aimed to uncover the neural correlates at the interplay of social support and resilience. Our findings indicate that perceived social support significantly (p<0.001) alters functional connectivity in the right and left FP, PCC, and left hippocampus, affirming the pivotal roles of these regions in the brain's resilience network. Moreover, we identified significant moderation effects of social support across various brain regions, each showing unique connectivity patterns. Specifically, the right FP demonstrated a significant interaction effect where high social support levels were linked to increased connectivity with regions involved in socio-cognitive processing, while low social support showed opposite effects. Similar patterns by social support levels were observed in the left FP, with connectivity changes in clusters associated with emotional regulation and cognitive functions. The PCC's connectivity was distinctly influenced by support levels, elucidating its role in emotional and social cognition. Interestingly, the connectivity of the left hippocampus was not significantly impacted by social support levels, indicating a unique pattern within this region. These insights highlight the importance of high social support levels in enhancing the neural foundations of resilience and fostering adaptive neurological responses to environmental challenges.

Effect of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on halal purchase intentions in the UK: an elaboration likelihood model approach

PurposeThis study aims to examine the mediating role of product judgement in the relationship between electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and purchase intention. Additionally, it explores the moderating effects of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement, with a specific focus on Halal products. We utilise the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to investigate how individuals navigate the processing of information, distinguishing between central and peripheral routes. This exploration aims to enhance our understanding of how the ELM framework influences product judgement and purchase intention in the context of eWOM, with a focus on Halal products.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these objectives, an online survey was conducted in the United Kingdom. The study employed a moderated-mediation model, analysed using PLS-SEM.FindingsThe findings highlight the significant role of source credibility in the central route of information processing and purchase judgements. This study confirms that Halal product judgement fully mediates the relationship between eWOM and purchase intention. Additionally, it reveals that higher source credibility amplifies the impact of eWOM on consumer judgement. However, no significant moderating effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement was observed in this context.Originality/valueThis study enhances our understanding of how Halal products are adopted in non-Muslim societies, shedding light on persuasive processes. Additionally, it refines the ELM in the context of cross-cultural consumer behaviour. The findings underscore the importance of prioritising source credibility in communication to shape information evaluation and persuasion.

CFO age and R&amp;D investment of gem-listed companies: The moderating role of female executives

This study focuses on examining the non-linear association between CFO age and enterprise R&amp;D investment while also investigating the moderating role of female executives in effecting such a link between the two in order to promote enterprises’ R&amp;D investment and increase female executives’ participation in corporate. Taking Chinese GEM-listed companies over 2009-2021 consisting of 5891 firm-year observations as the samples, conduct the empirical analysis. The findings indicate that a significant inverted U-shaped relationship exists between CFO age and R&amp;D intensity. Specifically, the curve relationship initially exhibits a positive effect of CFO age on R&amp;D intensity before the age of 44, and after that, it turns out to be negative. Moreover, and quite critically, female executives have a significant negative moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship mentioned above. The findings were confirmed by rich robustness and endogeneity tests. Additionally, further exploration of the relationship between CEO tenure and R&amp;D intensity reveals a similar inverted U-shaped curve but does not find any moderating effect of female executives. Based on these results, the study provides Chinese GEM-listed enterprises with rich theoretical guidance and practical implications to optimize the allocation and motivation of executive talents, the career planning of CFOs, and the decision-making patterns of female executives.

The relationship between mobile phone dependence and academic burnout in Chinese college students: a moderated mediator model.

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the level of mobile phone dependence among college students and their experience of academic burnout. Additionally, the study sought to explore the potential mediating effect of study engagement and the moderating role of love. During October and December 2023, a cross-sectional study measuring mobile phone dependence, academic burnout, and study engagement among Chinese college students, using the UtrechtWork Engagement Scale-student (UWES-S), College Student Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (CSMPDQ), and Academic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). To examine the hypothesis of mediating and moderating effect, SPSS PROCESS was utilized. The predictive effect of mobile phone dependence on academic burnout was significant (β = 0.410, t = 14.236, p < 0.001), and the predictive effect of mobile phone dependence on academic burnout remained significant when the mediating variable study engagement was introduced (β = 0.308, t = 10.288, p < 0.001), mobile phone dependence had a significant predictive effect on study engagement (β = -0.292, t = -11.639, p < 0.001), and study engagement had a significant positive predictive effect on academic burnout (β = -0.270, t = -9.028, p < 0.001). Love significantly negatively predicted study engagement (β = -0.564, t = -9.641, p < 0.001); and the interaction term for mobile phone dependence and love was significant (β = -0.211, t = -3.688, p < 0.001), indicating a significant moderating effect of love between mobile phone dependence and study engagement. Mobile phones among college students has been found to have a direct correlation with academic burnout. It can also indirectly contribute to academic burnout by diminishing levels of academic engagement. This indirect relationship is further influenced by love. These findings can help researchers and educators better understand the underlying mechanisms between smartphone dependence and learning burnout in undergraduates.

High-performance work practices and entrepreneurial firm performance: the moderating role of firm size and industry type

PurposeThis paper examines the moderating role of firm size (FS) and industry type in the relationship between high-performance work practices (HPWPs) and entrepreneurial firm performance.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive research design involving a five-year dataset from firms in the retail and services industries of Nigeria was used in the analyses.FindingsThe use of HPWPs is widespread among entrepreneurial firms, with ability- and motivation-enhancing practices being dominant. Country context influences the types of HPWPs implemented by entrepreneurial firms. FS and industry type do not have significant moderating effects on the relationship between HPWPs and the performance of entrepreneurial firms. The positive effect of HPWPs on performance is consistent with findings made in prior studies.Research limitations/implicationsFS plays a neutral role in the relationship between HPWPs and entrepreneurial firm performance. Within the broader retail and services industries, this relationship is weaker in capital-intensive firms compared to less capital-intensive ones. The restricted focus on only retail and service industries may limit the universal applicability of the findings.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that the efficacy of HPWPs is neither influenced by FS nor industry type. Entrepreneurial firms with higher capital intensity benefit relatively more from the use of HPWPs.Originality/valueUnlike other research efforts focusing on a single moderating influence, this study combines two important contextual factors, FS and industry type, to provide a better understanding of HPWPs. The study spotlights the effects of country context in the implementation of HPWPs in a way that prior studies have not done.

Family Accommodation and Separation Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Child Attachment.

Family accommodation, or changes in parental behavior aimed at avoiding or alleviating child anxiety-related distress, contributes to the severity of anxiety symptoms, and is most strongly associated with separation anxiety. This study examined whether child attachment security, characterized as the degree to which children perceive their parents to be reliable, available, and communicative, moderates the association between family accommodation and separation anxiety symptoms, and whether this moderation is specific to separation anxiety among other anxiety symptoms. In a sample of clinically anxious children (N = 243, 6-12years), family accommodation was significantly positively associated with separation anxiety symptoms across levels of attachment security. Family accommodation was more strongly associated with parent-reported separation anxiety symptoms in children with lower attachment security compared with those with higher attachment security. No significant moderation effect emerged for other anxiety symptoms. Findings enhance understanding of the role of attachment within family accommodation of child anxiety.

Workload doesn’t mean exhaustion: Antecedents of teacher burnout

Workload has consistently been found to be a predictor of burnout in teachers. However, while academia considers workload a psychological concept, the public tends to simplify workload as the number of tasks assigned. This study seeks to provide further evidence of the psychological nature of workload by examining if workload understood in terms of quantity of work had any effect on teacher burnout and whether this relationship was moderated by psychological processes such as self-efficacy and mediated by stress. 117 primary and high school teachers holding at least two roles at school participated in the study. Teacher burnout was measured using MBI-ES, self-efficacy was measured by OSTES and stress and workload were measured by single-item questions. Results showed that workload (i.e., the number of roles assigned) did not have a main effect on burnout. Perceived stress and self-efficacy had direct effects on teacher burnout: stress increased burnout while self-efficacy reduced burnout. Self-efficacy had a significant moderation effect on workload-burnout interaction. Workload increased burnout only in teachers with low self-efficacy while stress did not moderate the workload-burnout relationship. These findings support the psychological nature of the relationship between workload and burnout among teachers. They also point out the importance of enhancing teacher stress management and self-efficacy in protecting them from burnout.

Place attachment theory and virtual reality: the case of a rural tourism destination

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore from a place attachment (PA) theory perspective the extent to which and how, a fully immersive virtual reality (VR) experience enhances tourists’ attachment level on-site at a rural destination.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied an exploratory mixed method approach. Respondents were tourists visiting the Lake District National Park who were asked to try a VR experience. In Study 1, interviews were conducted to explore new themes and to develop an enhanced PA framework in VR. Study 1 confirmed existing variables from the literature and highlighted new variables (themes) to be included in the new framework on how PA is formed. In Study 2, surveys were conducted, and the proposed framework analyzed using structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). To fully understand how VR had an impact on enhancing PA, the moderating effect of tourists’ pre-existing PA was considered.FindingsThe findings revealed “Accessibility”, “Memories” and “Increased Place Knowledge” as new themes (variables) and confirmed that these and established variables “Aesthetics” and “Presence” enhance PA, leading to increased loyalty. Significant moderating effects of existing PA were found.Practical implicationsVR serves as a complementary and substitutional tool for tourism. Tailored VR experiences for diverse tourist needs may enhance destination marketing and competitiveness. For tourists with low PA, destinations should focus on promoting activities and highlights to enhance engagement and the experiential understanding of the destination. For tourists with high PA, VR experiences should focus on providing a comprehensive view of the destination and unveiling new places. In both cases, the VR experience leads to deeper engagement with the destination and an increase in PA.Originality/valueResearch on the impact of VR on tourists’ PA is limited. To address this gap, this study’s theoretical contribution lies in developing and testing a PA framework within a VR and tourism context. This also includes the validation of new measurement items developed in relation to the new themes.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, INTERNAL CONTROL AND ENTERPRISE VALUE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL

This study looks at panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021 to see how internal control affects the relationship between digital transformation and enterprise value. It also looks at how human capital affects that relationship. The results show that digital transformation significantly contributes to enhancing enterprise value, with internal control playing a significant mediating role in this effect. However, the value creation effect of digital transformation varies among enterprises of different scales, ownership attributes, and industries. Further analysis demonstrates that human capital has a significant and positive moderating effect on the impact of digital transformation on enterprise value, indicating that enterprises with better human capital experience a more pronounced effect on enhancing enterprise value through digital transformation. These findings provide valuable managerial insights for enterprise decision-makers to utilize digital practices to enhance their competitiveness and achieve value creation.