Significant Increase In Volume Research Articles

An InVivo Assessment of Different Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Tissue Types and Their Differentiation State on a Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold for Bone Regeneration.

A combined biomaterial and cell-based solution to heal critical size bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial area is a promising alternative therapeutic option to improve upon autografting, the current gold standard. A shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffold, composed of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) and coated with bioactive polydopamine, was evaluated with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from adipose (ADSC), bone marrow (BMSC), or umbilical cord (UCSC) tissue in their undifferentiated state or pre-differentiated toward osteoblasts for bone healing in a rat calvarial defect model. Pre-differentiating ADSCs and UCSCs resulted in higher new bone volume fraction (15.69% ± 1.64%) compared to empty (i.e., untreated) defects and scaffold-only (i.e., unseeded) groups (4.41% ± 1.11%). Notably, only differentiated UCSCs exhibited a significant increase in new bone volume, surpassing both undifferentiated UCSCs and unseeded scaffolds. Further, differentiated ADSCs and UCSCs had significantly higher trabecular numbers than their undifferentiated counterparts, unseeded scaffolds, and untreated defects. Although the mineral density regenerated within the unseeded scaffold surpassed that achieved with cell seeding, the connectivity of this bone was diminished, as the regenerated tissue confined itself to the spherical morphology of the scaffold pores. The SMP scaffold alone, with undifferentiated BMSCs, with undifferentiated and differentiated ADSCs, and differentiated UCSCs (29.72 ± 1.49 N) demonstrated significant osseointegration compared to empty defects (14.34 ± 2.21 N) after 12 weeks of healing when assessed by mechanical push-out testing. Based on these results and tissue availability to obtain the cells, pre-differentiated ADSCs and UCSCs emerge as particularly promising candidates when paired with the SMP scaffold for repairing critical size bone defects in the craniofacial skeleton.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers unfolded protein response as an antiviral strategy of teleost erythrocytes

IntroductionFish nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, play a crucial role in maintaining immune system balance by modulating protein expression in response to various stimuli, including viral attack. This study explores the intriguing behavior of rainbow trout RBCs when faced with the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), focusing on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR).MethodsRainbow trout RBCs were Ficoll-purified and exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated VHSV or live VHSV at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs). Using cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT), we uncovered structural and cellular modifications in RBCs exposed to UV-inactivated VHSV. Moreover, RBCs were treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, to investigate its effect on viral replication. Quantitative real-time PCR was also used to analyze the expression of genes related to the UPR and other related cellular pathways.Results and discussionBeyond their antiviral response, RBCs undergo notable intracellular changes to combat the virus. Cryo-SXT highlighted a significant increase in the ER volume. This increase is associated with ER stress and the activation of the UPR pathway. Interestingly, VHSV replication levels augmented in RBCs under ER-stress inhibition by 4-PBA treatment, suggesting that rainbow trout RBCs tune up ER stress to control viral replication. Therefore, our findings suggested the induction of ER stress and subsequent activation UPR signaling in the antiviral response of RBCs to VHSV. The results open a new line of investigation to uncover additional mechanisms that may become novel cellular targets for the development of RBC-targeted antiviral strategies.

Automated Identification and Segmentation of H i Sources in CRAFTS Using Deep Learning Method

Abstract Identifying neutral hydrogen (H i) galaxies from observational data is a significant challenge in H i galaxy surveys. With the advancement of observational technology, especially with the advent of large-scale telescope projects such as FAST and SKA, the significant increase in data volume presents new challenges for the efficiency and accuracy of data processing.To address this challenge, in this study, we present a machine learning-based method for extracting H i sources from the three-dimensional (3D) spectral data obtained from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS). We have carefully assembled a specialized dataset, HISF, rich in H i sources, specifically designed to enhance the detection process. Our model, Unet-LK, utilizes the advanced 3D-Unet segmentation architecture and employs an elongated convolution kernel to effectively capture the intricate structures of H i sources. This strategy ensures a reliable identification and segmentation of H i sources, achieving notable performance metrics with a recall rate of 91.6% and an accuracy of 95.7%. These results substantiate the robustness of our dataset and the effectiveness of our proposed network architecture in the precise identification of H i sources. Our code and dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/fishszh/HISF.

Dampak Perdagangan Bebas AFTA Terhadap Transformasi Ekonomi Indonesia

Free trade plays a crucial role in global economic development, especially in the era of globalization, and the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) aims to create a single market within the ASEAN region through the liberalization of trade in goods. This study examines the impact of AFTA on Indonesia's economic transformation, including increased export and import volumes as well as regional economic integration, highlighting benefits such as the growth of exports in manufacturing, agriculture, and consumer goods, alongside strengthening domestic industries. However, free trade poses risks, such as competition from imported products that could pressure local producers. Using a qualitative approach through literature studies, the findings show a significant increase in export and import volumes following AFTA implementation, although regional development disparities remain a challenge. This study emphasizes the need for strategies to improve product quality, enhance infrastructure, and build sectoral synergy to ensure inclusive economic integration and drive Indonesia's overall economic progress.

Alterations in Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Heterozygous APE1/Ref-1 Deficient Mice.

The role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) in adipose tissue remains poorly understood. This study investigates adipose tissue dysfunction in heterozygous APE1/Ref-1 deficiency (APE1/Ref-1+/-) mice, focusing on changes in adipocyte physiology, oxidative stress, adipokine regulation, and adipose tissue distribution. APE1/Ref-1 mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) were measured in APE1/Ref-1+/- mice, compared to their wild-type (APE1/Ref-1+/+) controls. Oxidative stress was assessed by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted to observe adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration of WAT. Adipokine expression was measured, and micro-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify abdominal fat volumes. APE1/Ref-1+/- mice exhibited significant reductions in APE1/Ref-1 mRNA and protein levels in WAT and liver tissue. These mice also showed elevated ROS levels, suggesting a regulatory role for APE1/Ref-1 in oxidative stress in WAT and liver. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed hypertrophic adipocytes and macrophage infiltration in WAT, while Oil Red O staining demonstrated enhanced ectopic fat deposition in the liver of APE1/Ref-1+/- mice. These mice also displayed altered adipokine expression, with decreased adiponectin and increased leptin levels in the WAT, along with corresponding alterations in plasma levels. Despite no significant changes in overall body weight, microMRI assessments demonstrated a significant increase in visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes in APE1/Ref-1+/- mice. APE1/Ref-1 is crucial in adipokine regulation and mitigating oxidative stress. These findings suggest its involvement in adipose tissue dysfunction, highlighting its potential impact on abdominal fat distribution and its implications for obesity and oxidative stress-related conditions.

A Decade of Vertebrate Palaeontology Research in the UK: Bibliometric and Topic Modelling Analysis

The study of vertebrate palaeontology in the United Kingdom holds a significant position in global research. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and topic modelling of UK vertebrate palaeontology from 2014 to 2023, utilizing data from the DeepBone database and Web of Science. A total of 2884 publications were analysed using bibliometric methods and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify key research themes, institutional contributions, and international collaborations. The results reveal a significant increase in publication volume over the decade, peaking in 2021 with 374 papers. High-impact journals such as Nature and Science published approximately 6.60% of the total papers. The LDA analysis identified seven primary research themes, including morphology, palaeoanthropology, evolutionary biology, and geological periods. The Natural History Museum, University of Bristol, and University of Oxford emerged as major contributing institutions. Scientists from the United States were found to be the most frequent international collaborator. The average impact factor of the top journals in the field was 8.28 in 2024, highlighting the high quality of UK vertebrate palaeontology research. This study provides objective insights into the current state of vertebrate palaeontology in the UK, emphasizing its multidisciplinary nature, the importance of international cooperation in the field.

Developing A Conceptual Model of Factors Influencing Express Delivery Packaging Recycling Behaviors of E-Commerce Enterprises in China

The rapid growth of the e-commerce industry has led to a significant increase in express delivery service volumes, resulting in substantial environmental pollution and resource depletion from express delivery packaging (EDP) waste. Recycling express delivery packaging (EDPR) has become a critical global concern, particularly in China, the largest contributor to EDP waste for decades. Despite numerous government regulations aimed at promoting recycling behavior to support carbon peaking and neutrality targets, China’s recycling rate remains low, at just 25%-30%, compared to rates as high as 65% in EU countries, with some exceeding 80%. Drawing on Structuration Theory (ST), this study posits that the authority effect positively influences the recycling behavior of e-commerce organizations. It also examines the mediating role of recycling intention in the relationship between authority effect and recycling behavior and the moderating role of social sanction on recycling intention and behavior. This research aims to develop a comprehensive model for understanding the factors influencing EDPR and offers valuable insights from an organizational perspective. The findings will guide future empirical studies and help policymakers devise more effective strategies by understanding the impacts of authority and social sanction on recycling behavior.

Noninvasive Monitoring of Steatotic Liver Disease in Western Diet-Fed Obese Mice Using Automated Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography.

Ultrasound imaging and shear wave elastography (SWE) can be used to noninvasively stage hepatopathologies and are widespread in clinical practice. These techniques have recently been adapted for small animal use in a novel 3D invivo imaging system capable of high-throughput automated scanning. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility of using this imaging tool in the murine Western diet (WD) model, a highly translatable preclinical model of obesity, metabolic disease and liver fibrosis. Female C57BL/6 mice (N = 48) were placed on WD or chow diet and imaged longitudinally for a period of 48 weeks. Imaging consisted of 3D B-mode and targeted SWE captures. Liver volume, liver echogenicity and liver stiffness were quantified from invivo imaging data. A subset of mice was sacrificed at various timepoints (0, 12, 24 and 48 weeks) for histological workup. Correlation analysis was performed between invivo imaging and histological measurements to determine level of agreement. Noninvasive imaging showed statistically significant increases in liver volume and echogenicity, but non-significant increase in liver stiffness in the WD-fed cohort, suggesting development of hepatomegaly and steatosis, but negligible fibrosis. Exvivo analysis confirmed significant increases in liver weight, liver triglycerides and ALT, but limited increases in fibrosis corroborating noninvasive imaging results. Correlation analysis between imaging and histology demonstrated good agreement between liver volume/liver weight (R2 = 0.85) and echogenicity/triglycerides (R2 = 0.76). This study demonstrated that noninvasive ultrasound liver assessments are feasible in the WD mouse model and closely reflect the underlying pathological state of the animal. Automated ultrasound can serve as a high-throughput noninvasive screening method for preclinical liver disease research and drug development.

Quantitative Assessment of the Effect of Instability Levels on Reactive Human Postural Control Using Different Sensory Organization Strategies

Reactive postural control (RPC), essential for maintaining balance during daily activities, relies on a complex sensory system integrating visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs. Deficits in RPC can lead to falls, especially in unpredictable environments where sensory inputs are challenged. Traditional rehabilitation often fails to prepare patients adequately for real-world conditions. This study aims to explore the effects of varying instability levels (ILs) and sensory integration strategies (SIS) on RPC by evaluating balance disturbances without applying additional external force. Twenty-five healthy participants (12 men, 13 women, 24.5 ± 6.1 years) performed balance tasks on Abili® platforms with adjustable ILs (0, 1, 2, 3) while altering sensory strategies (Basic, Visual, Proprioception, Vestibular) using the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB). RPC efficiency was measured using the 95th percentile confidence interval for chest movement’s ellipsoid volume and average velocity, analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Cliff’s delta effect size. Results showed significant increases in chest movement velocity and volume, particularly with the Vestibular strategy at higher ILs, with a 7176% increase in chest volume from Basic strategy at 0IL to Vestibular strategy at 3IL. Additionally, removing visual input (Visual and Vestibular strategies) had a greater impact on chest movement than increasing instability levels. These findings underscore the significant role of combined platform instability and reduced sensory input on postural control. This study presents a novel method for challenging balance and suggests that sensory integration with variable instability could be valuable in training and rehabilitation, even for healthy individuals.

Limitations of outcome prediction based on interfractional volume changes of large (≥ 10cm3) brain metastases during fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery.

This study investigated the interfractional volume changes of large (≥ 10 cm3) brain metastases (BMs) during fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery (FGKRS) to assess its predictive value for tumor control outcomes. The patients who underwent FGKRS for large BMs between January 2017 and December 2022 in our center were reviewed. The interfractional volume change was defined as the disparity in tumor volume (TV) measured between the magnetic resonance images acquired on the first treatment day and those obtained after 2 or 3 fractions during the course of FGKRS. A total of 73 lesions in 70 patients with various primary pathologies were included. Over a median follow-up period of 11months (range 1-77), the tumor control rate was 63%. Initial TV (cm3) was associated with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in both univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.01). Interfractional TV changes revealed an increase in 13 (17.8%) lesions, no change in 14 (19.2%) lesions, and a decrease in 46 (63.0%) lesions, with a mean volume reduction of 5% ± 0.12. Three cut-offs (5%, 10% and 15% volume decrement) were established and patients were divided into two groups based on each reference point. However, there were no significant differences in PFS and OS between the two groups, irrespective of the chosen cut-off value used. Interfractional volume changes of large BMs were not found to be associated with tumor control outcomes. Neither significant interfractional volume reduction nor significant volume increase necessarily predicts the tumor control, making early close monitoring essential after FGKRS.

Effects of Hyrax Maxillary Expander on Nasal Cavity and Upper Airway in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Whether Hyrax maxillary expander is an effective treatment for maxillary transverse deficiency as well as expansion of the upper airway is still controversial. The study's purpose was to evaluate 3D changes in upper airway dimensions of adolescent patients measured primarily by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with the Hyrax maxillary expander. Studies up to 1 April 2024 were searched in the following databases: PubMed/MEDICINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials and cohort studies that assessed the effect of RME in adolescent patients with upper airway stenosis using CBCT-based three-dimensional analysis. The risk of bias in the study outcomes was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, the GRADE method, and a tool for evaluating non-randomized controlled study (non-RCT) literature from a previous systematic review, depending on the types of articles. The study was reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The study conducted a random effects meta-analysis of mean differences and 95% confidence intervals for changes in upper airway volumes, including the nasal cavity (NC), in the outcomes of 16 included studies, followed by subgroup analyses. A significant increase in nasopharynx volume was observed after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by Hyrax maxillary expander (MD = 0.69, 95% CI (0.09~1.28), p = 0.02).

Sitting foot: posture dependent changes of volume, edema and perfusion of the foot. A prospective interventional study with 27 volunteers

BackgroundSitting is known to be bad for your cardiovascular health. We furthermore hypothesized that sitting posture will reduce perfusion of the foot and increase edema, possibly predisposing to disease like osteochondritis.MethodsWe included 27 healthy volunteers and performed MRI measurements including arterial spin labelling (ASL) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion as well as short tau inversion recovery (STIR) edema measurement and 3D volumetry. After randomization, the elevation of one foot during the day was used as an intervention.ResultsIntra- and interrater variability was 1–6%. ASL perfusion measurement was hindered by artifacts. IVIM perfusion showed no significant changes during supine measurements. Volumetry could demonstrate a highly significant (p = 0.00005) volume increase, while the intervention led to a significant (p = 0.0076) volume decrease during the day. However, the water content in STIR remained unchanged and the normalized (quotient bone/muscle) edema was reduced on the control side (p = 0.006) and increased on the intervention side (p = 0.01).ConclusionsSitting all day leads to swelling of the healthy foot. Compensation in healthy subjects seems to prevent lasting perfusion changes or edema evolution in the bone despite an increase of muscle signal and volume increase. Thus, the etiology of osteochondritis needs further studies.

Modulation of p300 acetylation to protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Abstract Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely-used anti-neoplastic agent, but the most common adverse reaction to its use is cardiotoxicity(1). DOX acts by producing reactive oxygen species (ROSs) that cause DNA damage(1,2), which activates various proteins, including the tumour suppressor p53 and the acetyltransferase p300. When activated, p300 acetylates and increases the activity of p53 which leads to increased apoptotic activity(3). Cardiotoxicity results because the heart has limited mechanisms to dispose of ROSs(4), and because cardiomyocytes have a low turnover rate(5). Purpose We examined the p300 inhibitor Theracurmin (THR)(6,7) as a candidate to prevent DOX cardiotoxicity using an in-vivo mouse model, and sought to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms using in-vitro studies. Methods C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated with THR or vehicle (as control), then administered DOX or vehicle. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. In vitro studies used cardiac fibroblasts (FBs) and cardiac endothelial cells (ECs) pre-treated with THR, then with DOX, as in the animal studies. Western blotting and rt-qPCR was used to quantify protein and mRNA levels of genes in the p53-p300 pathway or related to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cell cycle control. Results DOX-treated mice showed significant decreases in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF, p=0.0004), fractional shortening (FS, p=0.0012), and a significant increase in end-systolic volume (ESV, p=0.0004). We also showed a significant decrease in anterior (LVAW;d, p=0.005) and posterior (LVPW;d, p=0.005) wall thickness of the LV in these mice. However, when mice were pre-treated with THR prior to DOX administration, we saw significant increases in LVEF (p=0.045) and LVPW;d (p=0.015), and a significant decrease in ESV (p=0.0047) compared to those that were not pre-treated. In-vitro analyses demonstrated a significant increase in cleaved caspase 3 protein expression in DOX-treated ECs (p=0.007), that was not prevented by THR pre-treatment. In DOX-treated FBs, we saw a reduction in AKT mRNA (p=0.017) and increases in BAX 9p=0.008), P21 (p=0.0001), and GADD45 (0.037) mRNA expression. In DOX-treated ECs, we also saw significant increases in BAX (p=0.015) and P21 (p=0.011) mRNA expression. These changes in mRNA expression were not reversed with THR pre-treatment in either cell type. Conclusion THR pre-treatment successfully mitigated functional deficits and structural deficits associated with DOX cardiotoxicity. In-vitro studies show that THR pre-treatment was not sufficient to significantly prevent changes in key molecular targets associated with apoptosis. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism behind the observed functional changes.Abstract OverviewAbstract Results

BMP3b regulates bone mass by inhibiting BMP signaling

Bone morphogenetic protein 3b (BMP3b), also known as growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), is a non-osteogenic BMP highly expressed in the skeleton. Although in vitro studies have shown that BMP3b suppresses osteoblast differentiation, the physiological role of BMP3b in regulating bone mass in vivo remains unknown. Here, we show that BMP3b deletion in mice leads to a high bone mass phenotype via an unexpected novel mechanism involving de-repression of canonical BMP/Smad signaling. BMP3b null mice were viable, and exhibited no significant difference in body size compared to wildtype control. Trabecular bone parameters assessed by histomorphometry and μCT, revealed a significant increase in bone volume and bone mineral density. Expression of osteoblast-differentiation genes were elevated in bone tissue of BMP3b null mice, whereas expression of osteoclast-related genes remained unchanged. Consistent with this, Bmp3b was highly expressed in osteoblasts relative to osteoclast cells. Ex-vivo culture of primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and primary bone marrow-derived osteoclasts revealed that inactivation of BMP3b enhances osteogenesis without affecting osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that BMP3b suppressed BMP4-induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation and inhibited the activity of a BMP4-driven Id-1 luciferase reporter. Protein-protein interaction assays revealed that BMP3b competitively interfered with the association of BMP4 and BMP type I receptors. These findings suggest that BMP3b regulates bone mass by acting as a BMP receptor antagonist. Thus, maintenance of bone mass involves antagonism of canonical BMP/Smad signaling by a member of the BMP family.

The influence of spider news on online information-seeking.

Fear of spiders is a widespread condition often disproportionate to the actual danger spiders pose to humans. Likely rooted in evolutionary history, fear of spiders might also have a cultural component. Recent studies have shown that a significant fraction of spider-related media reports are misleading and sensationalistic. Information-seeking behaviours serve as common coping mechanisms for our fears and anxieties, yet the link between spider-related news stories and such behaviors remains unexplored.We hypothesize that media reports foster concern about spiders, resulting in an increased awareness of spiders and health issues associated with them. We extracted 1486 reports in English from a public database providing a content-analysis of spider-related online traditional media reports published between 2010-2020. We examined whether the volume of spider-related queries in Google Trends, Wikipedia, and iNaturalist increased in the week following the publication of each news story.Sensationalistic news stories were associated with a small, significant increase in search volumes, compared to non-sensationalistic ones. The search volume for "brown recluse" (Loxosceles reclusa), which are potentially dangerous spiders, was higher after the publication date of news related to human-spider encounters. There was a significant positive relationship between the number of spider-related news stories published in a given month and the traffic on target spider-related Wikipedia pages, especially so for the page on brown recluse spiders.Our results suggest that traditional media have a detectable impact on the behaviour of the general public towards spiders, supporting the hypothesis that the fear of spiders is perpetuated by culture. Additionally, our findings indicate that information-seeking behaviour is a common response to learn about spiders and potentially fact-check spurious claims found in sensationalised news. By recognizing the role of media in shaping attitudes towards spiders and acknowledging the benefits of accurate representation, we can lay the foundation for a more informed and harmonious relationship between humans and spiders.

Volume changes in the contralateral submandibular gland following unilateral gland excision in oral cancer patients

BackgroundThe effects of unilateral submandibular gland excision on the size of the contralateral gland are not well understood, with no human studies reported to date. This study aims to investigate the impact of unilateral submandibular gland excision on the contralateral gland’s size, providing insights into compensatory mechanisms and their clinical implications.MethodThis retrospective study involved patients with oral cancer who underwent unilateral submandibular gland excision and ipsilateral neck dissection at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital between 2008 and 2023. Patients were included if they had preoperative and follow-up 3D radiological images. The contralateral submandibular gland volume was measured using 3D Slicer software on preoperative, post-operative, and follow-up radiographic data.ResultsThe mean volume change of the contralateral submandibular gland was 1.35 ± 2.06 cm3, with a mean change ratio of 1.18 ± 0.24. These changes were statistically significant (p = 0.006). Other factors such as age, gender, and radiotherapy did not significantly affect the volume change ratio (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe contralateral submandibular gland exhibits a statistically significant increase in volume following unilateral gland excision, indicating compensatory hypertrophy. This morphological adaptation should be considered in post-operative care and surgical planning for oral cancer patients to optimize outcomes.

Changes in Internet Search Behavior After a Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Campaign for Faricimab-svoa.

Purpose: To analyze changes in Google search volume after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and initiation of a direct-to-consumer marketing campaign for faricimab-svoa. Methods: Google Trends data between December 26, 2021, and June 17, 2023, were downloaded and searched for terms prominently featured in the marketing campaign, including "wet AMD", "diabetic macular edema", "Vabysmo", and "faricimab-svoa". Data were standardized to the week and the term with the highest search volume, resulting in weekly relative search volumes for each term. The mean relative search volume and percentage change in relative search volume were calculated for the time periods of interest. Results: The direct-to-consumer campaign was associated with an increase in relative search volume in the first month for the terms "Vabysmo" (2.5% to 18.0%) and "wet AMD" (3.0% to 77.3%) and was sustained in the second month (P < .01). No significant changes in relative search volume were seen for the terms "diabetic macular edema" or "faricimab-svoa". After FDA approval, "Vabysmo" had the only significant increase in relative search volume (0.3% to 2.8%; P = .02). Conclusions: A direct-to-consumer advertising campaign for faricimab-svoa was associated with a surge in Google search volume of 620% and 2475% for "Vabysmo" and "wet AMD," respectively (P < .01), without a corresponding increase for "diabetic macular edema". Although FDA approval was associated with an increase in search volume for "Vabysmo" (P = .02), the marketing campaign was more influential at driving internet search behavior.

Optimizing Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity through Numerical Modeling and Strategic Well Placement

This study focuses on optimizing the storage capacity of an underground natural gas storage facility through numerical modeling and simulation techniques. The reservoir, characterized by an elongated dome structure, was discretized into approximately 16,000 cells. Simulations were conducted using key parameters such as permeability (10–70 mD) and porosity (12–26%) to assess the dynamics of gas injection and pressure distribution. The model incorporated core and petrophysical data to accurately represent the reservoir’s behavior. By integrating new wells in areas with storage deficits, the model demonstrated improvements in storage efficiency and pressure uniformity. The introduction of additional wells led to a significant increase in storage volume from 380 to 512 million Sm³ and optimized the injection process by reducing the storage period by 25%. The study concludes that reservoir performance can be enhanced with targeted well placement and customized flow rates, resulting in both increased storage capacity and economic benefits.

Effects of 90-Minute Football Match on Red Blood Indices in Sedentary Young Males

While exercise-induced haemorheological alterations are well-documented in various sports, the specific impact of a football match on red blood cell (RBC) parameters remains unknown. This study investigates the acute effects of a 90-minute football match on RBC indices in sedentary young males. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty (20) moderately active, non-smoking male volunteers (mean age: 20.00 ± 0.4 years) participated in the study. Venous blood samples were collected pre- and post- football match to assess RBC count, haematocrit (HCT), and plasma volume (PV). Data generated were subjected to paired student's t-tests using SPSS, to compare values between pre- and post-match measurements. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in haematocrit (HCT) and red blood cell count (RBC) after the match (p &lt; 0.05) when compared to pre-match values. This was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma volume (PV) (p &lt; 0.05), which was higher than pre-match values. These changes suggest that the physiological demands of the football match influenced blood parameters, likely due to fluid shifts and haemodilution during intense physical activity. These findings suggest potential implications for exercise physiology, diagnosis, and therapy in sports medicine.

Effect of Ce-doping on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical features of Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion method for battery-type supercapacitors

This study investigates the potential of cerium (Ce) doping to improve the performance of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles as battery-type supercapacitor electrodes. Pure Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via a solution combustion method and then doped with 2.5 % (Ce-Co3O4) and 5 % Ce (CeO2-Co3O4). Comprehensive characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), was used to analyze the impact of Ce doping on the material properties. XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of Ce into the Co₃O₄ structure, with distinct CeO2 phases forming at higher doping levels. Ce doping resulted in decreased crystallite size and peak intensity, indicating reduced crystallinity and increased defect concentration. Raman spectroscopy corroborated these findings, showing a redshift that suggests weakened metal-oxygen bonds and smaller grain sizes due to Ce³⁺ incorporation. FESEM images demonstrated that Ce doping effectively reduced nanoparticle agglomeration, with 2.5 % doping leading to smaller particles and 5 % doping promoting a 2D flake-like morphology with increased porosity. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements revealed a significant increase in surface area and pore volume for CeO2-Co₃O₄, facilitating improved electrolyte diffusion and reduced resistance, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. Evaluation of the electrochemical properties of undoped and Ce-doped Co₃O₄ materials revealed a battery-like response in a three-electrode configuration. Notably, the CeO2-Co3O4 exhibited a superior specific capacity of 603.3 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, significantly exceeding the values of 368.5 C g−1 and 127.1 C g−1 achieved by Ce-Co3O4 and undoped Co3O4, respectively. Furthermore, the CeO2-doped Co3O4 demonstrated exceptional cyclic stability, retaining 87 % of its initial capacity after undergoing 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g−1. These results suggest that Ce doping is a promising strategy for optimizing Co₃O₄-based battery-type electrode materials, potentially leading to the development of high-performance and cost-effective energy storage systems.