Significant Increase In Endurance Research Articles

Use of game tools in martial arts for endurance development

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of research is to test experimentally the effectiveness of the influence of game means on the dynamics of endurance development in 10-year-old boys who attend the sports section of Kyokushinkai karate. Material and Methods. Forty 10-year-old boys engaged in Kyokushinkai karate took part in the research. The children and their parents were informed about all peculiarities of the research and agreed to participate in the experiment. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. Results. Statistically significant changes in results occurred in the studied groups (p<0,001). The improvement of the level of endurance development in 10-year-old boys’ karate athletes in favor of EG is confirmed. The highest statistically significant changes in EG indicators (р<0.001) occurred in tests "Bent arm hang" (14.6%), "Push-ups" (11.8%), "Burpee" (11.8%). The average performance in 300 m run (8.6%) and in kicks "Mawashi geri chudan" with the right (left) foot slightly increased by 9.8% and 8.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the results of the test "Sit-ups in 1 min from the supine position" between EG and CG groups (1.1%, p>0.05). However, both groups showed a sufficiently confident increase in the level of local dynamic power endurance (EG – 11.6%, CG – 10.4% at p<0.001). Conclusions. The level of boys’ endurance at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment corresponds to proper age norms. According to most results, 36% of boys are classified as of average level, 16.5% as above average, 17% as high. The rest of the indicators were distributed between below average and low levels, 12% and 18.5%, respectively. A significant lag was found in terms of general endurance (300 m run test). The dynamics of the obtained data testified to the effectiveness of the developed, tested, and implemented physical education methodology of endurance development in 10-year-old boys’ karate athletes with outdoor games. Because of application of game load (5 games, 3 repetitions with rest intervals of 20 s) there was a statistically significant increase in endurance (р<0.001).

Physical exercise and fatigue in advanced gastrointestinal cancer during chemotherapy

ObjectivesThis study was aimed to analyse the effect of a patient-oriented modality of physical exercise (programmed and directed physical exercise (PDPE)) on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life (QoL)....

Effects of a Weight Management Program on Body Composition, and Calcium, Zinc, and Iron Intake in Middle-aged Women with Obesity

Purpose: We sought to observe the effects of a body weight management program on body composition, physical activity, and intake of calcium, zinc, iron, and other nutrients in middle-aged women with obesity. Methods: Middle-aged women with obesity were divided into the following 2 groups: weight management plus nutrition education and exercise (WM-NE) and weight management and exercise (WM-E). Then, we observed their anthropometric parameters, physical activity and dietary intake for 3 months. Results: Both groups showed a significant decrease in the mean body weight, BMI, body fat, body fat mass, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio and showed a significant increase in endurance and flexibility after participating in the weight management program. The intake of calcium, zinc and iron in both groups decreased after participation in the weight management program. Conclusion: Consequently, the weight management program decreased body fat and waist circumference and increased physical fitness. These are positive steps for obesity improvement in middle-aged women with obesity. However, intake of calcium, zinc, and iron decreased; especially, calcium intake was insufficient. Therefore, we would like to study the weight management programs to improve bone health in middle-aged women with obesity.

Home-based telerehabilitation via real-time videoconferencing improves endurance exercise capacity in patients with COPD: The randomized controlled TeleR Study.

Telerehabilitation has the potential to increase access to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with COPD who have difficulty accessing centre-based PR due to poor mobility, lack of transport and cost of travel. We aimed to determine the effect of supervised, home-based, real-time videoconferencing telerehabilitation on exercise capacity, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity in patients with COPD compared with usual care without exercise training. Patients with COPD were randomized to either a supervised home-based telerehabilitation group (TG) that received exercise training three times a week for 8 weeks or a control group (CG) that received usual care without exercise training. Outcomes were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Thirty-six out of 37 participants (mean ± SD age = 74 ± 8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) = 64 ± 21% predicted) completed the study. Compared with the CG, the TG showed a statistically significant increase in endurance shuttle walk test time (mean difference = 340 s (95% CI: 153-526, P < 0.001)), an increase in self-efficacy (mean difference = 8 points (95% CI: 2-14, P < 0.007)), a trend towards a statistically significant increase in the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire total score (mean difference = 8 points (95% CI: -1 to 16, P = 0.07)) and no difference in physical activity (mean difference = 475 steps per day (95% CI: -200 to 1151, P = 0.16)). This study showed that telerehabilitation improved endurance exercise capacity and self-efficacy in patients with COPD when compared with usual care.

Using the Swiss ball versus peanut ball to assess the back extensors endurance among healthy collegiate physical therapy students at Taibah University

Spinal extensors endurance is a vital and fundamental pillar for the general endurance. Good endurance helps in injury prevention, and improves efficiency in all physical activities across different ages. Endurance testing of back extensors has been extensively examined in literature but there are many criticisms to the suitability and the practicality of the commonly used tests. The purpose of this study was to compare the endurance ability of the trunk extensors on the Swiss ball and on the peanut ball. Thirty five physical therapy students, aged between 18 and 22 years, were recruited from college of medical rehabilitation to participate in the study. The physical therapist demonstrated the activity to the participants. Every participant had to lie down over the gym ball and the peanut ball and arch the trunk backwards as long as tolerated. The order of measurement was counterbalanced. The mean score, in minutes, on the gym ball was 2.00 (SD=0.93), and the mean on the peanut ball was 2.48(SD=0.87). A significant increase in endurance holding time from gym ball to peanut ball was found [ t (34)= -3.43, p

'Healthy children in sound communities' (HCSC/gkgk)--a Dutch-German community-based network project to counteract obesity and physical inactivity

In 12 municipalities at the German-Dutch border an integrated approach of a multi-component intervention programme (physical activity, nutrition, public health, improvement of the physical environment) to enhance an active lifestyle has been implemented in 39 primary schools for a 4-year longitudinal intervention and evaluation study. A weekly lesson plan, including 3 hours of health enhanced physical education and two additional hours of physical activities offered by sport clubs to balance motor deficits and to reduce overweight and obesity was implemented. Furthermore, another hour of cross-curricular education of health and nutrition education is part of the school curriculum. To achieve 60 to 90 minutes of daily physical activities for 6- to 10-year-old pupils active commuting to school has become a part of school life. A physical fitness and motor development test is applied each school year including BMI measurements as a part of a socio-ecological concept. Intrapersonal developments of the pupils are measured by different questionnaires focusing on the individual social context of physical activity, nutrition habits and time allocation for electronic media. Original values of Motor Ability tests show significant increase in endurance, coordination, velocity and force tasks. Also first changes for BMI distribution are explored in only one year intervention. First results indicate the possibility to counteract obesity and to increase levels of physical fitness and motor development by a multi-component progamme and a multi-sector approach of intervention. The longitudinal design of the study allows having a look on long-term effects.

Acute effects of inspiratory pressure support during exercise in patients with COPD.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of inspiratory pressure support (IPS) of 5 cmH2O (IPS5) and 10 cmH2O (IPS10) on exercise endurance. Forty-five patients with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) = 39 +/- 14% pred) performed three constant-load endurance tests on a cycle ergometer at 75% of maximal workload. One test was without IPS, one test with IPSs, and one with IPS10. No statistically significant difference was found in exercise endurance between tests without IPS and IPS5 (4.2 +/- 2.6 versus 4.4 +/- 2.9 min). In contrast, IPS10 resulted in a statistically significant increase in endurance compared with exercise without IPS (6.3 +/- 6.7 versus 4.2 +/- 2.6 min), as well as compared with exercise with IPS5 (6.3 +/- 6.7 versus 4.4 +/- 2.9 min). A wide scatter in individual responses to IPS was found, ranging from a deterioration of 1.6 min (-36%) to an improvement of 16.3 min (+445%). In only 15 patients, the increase in endurance exceeded the upper limit of the 95%, confidence interval. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that maximal inspiratory pressure was the most important determinant of the increase in exercise endurance due to the application of IPS10. It was concluded that in contrast to inspiratory pressure support of 5 cmH2O, the application of inspiratory pressure support of 10 cmH2O during exercise resulted in a statistically significant improvement in exercise endurance in patients with COPD compared with exercise without inspiratory pressure support. However, on an individual basis, large differences in responses were found. Inspiratory muscle weakness was revealed as a determinant of improvement in exercise endurance due to the application of inspiratory pressure support of 10 cmH2O, explaining only 24% of the variance in outcome.

Multifidi muscles median frequency before and after spinal stabilization exercises

Sung PS. Multifidi muscles median frequency before and after spinal stabilization exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1313–8. Objective To determine changes in multifidi muscle endurance and functional status after a 4-week spinal stabilization exercise program for patients presenting with chronic low back dysfunction (LBD). Design Short-term longitudinal cohort study. Setting A rehabilitation facility. Participants Sixteen patients (10 men, 6 women) with chronic LBD. Interventions Patients were evaluated pre- and posttreatment for outcomes of functional status and muscle fatigue. Treatment consisted of patients participating in supervised spinal stabilization exercises 3 times a week over a 4-week period. Main outcome measures Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and muscle fatigue based on electromyographically based median frequency assessed during the first 4 seconds and the last 4 seconds of a modified 1-minute Sorenson test. Results Oswestry scores improved significantly from pre- to posttreatment (22.9 vs 18.3, P< .027). A significant treatment by gender interaction ( P< .031) indicated significant pre- to posttreatment loss of endurance for men (149.3 vs 143.2, P< .045) and a slight, but not statistically significant increase in endurance for women (110.7 vs. 115.5, P< .20). Conclusions A 4-week spinal stabilization exercise program significantly improved functional status in patients presenting with LBD. However, a significant pre- to posttreatment increase in multifidi muscle fatigue for men ( P< .045) coupled with a nonsignificant improvement in multifidi muscle endurance for women ( P< .20) was unexpected; this may reflect an insufficiency of a 4-week program to effect muscle fatigue or a lack of sensitivity of electromyographically based median frequency as the method for assessing muscle endurance. Additional randomized controlled trials to more fully investigate treatment effects and factors that may mediate these effects are needed.

Human torque velocity adaptations to sprint, endurance, or combined modes of training

We had groups of athletes perform sprint and endurance run training independently or concurrently for 8 weeks to examine the voluntary in vivo mechanical responses to each type of training. Pre- and posttraining angle-specific peak torque during knee extension and flexion were determined at 0, 0.84, 1.65, 2.51, 3.35, 4.19, and 5.03 radian.sec-1 and normalized for lean body mass. Knee extension torque in the sprint-trained group increased across all test velocities, the endurance-trained group increased at 2.51, 3.34, 4.19, and 5.03 radian.sec-1, and the group performing the combined training showed no change at any velocity. Knee flexion torque of the sprint and combined groups decreased at 0.84, 1.65, and 2.51 radian.sec-1. Knee flexion torque in the sprint-trained group also decreased at 0 radian.sec-1 and in the combined group at 3.34 radian.sec-1. Knee flexion torque in the endurance-trained group showed no change at any velocity of contraction. Mean knee flexion:extension ratios across the test velocities significantly decreased in the sprint-trained group. Knee extension endurance during 30 seconds of maximal contractions significantly increased in all groups. Only the sprint-trained group showed a significant increase in endurance of the knee flexors. These data suggest that changes in the voluntary in vivo mechanical characteristics of knee extensor and flexor skeletal muscles are specific to the type of run training performed.

Effects of Training on Endurance in Hanging by The Hands

The effect of training on endurance in hanging by the hands from a horizontal bar was examined by timing the duration of such hanging in six male and five female subjects each weekday for 2 weeks. A significant increase in endurance was observed. The results, both subjective and objective, indicated the most important factors in the training to be increased psychological endurance of discomfort and increased muscular strength and efficiency.

Shortterm Physical Training in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease

Seven women with rheumatic heart disease, ages 30 to 57, were hospitalized for 11 to 18 days during which time repeated testing and efforts at physical training were made. All testing was performed with a continuously progressive treadmill test; oxygen uptake ( V˙O2) was measured with an unsteady state technique previously described. A significant increase in endurance after training occurred in two patients; in one this was accompanied by higher oxygen uptake and heart rate (HR). In one of the five patients who was not significantly improved by training, higher HR values at the limit of endurance were associated with lower values of V˙O2.