Significant Fluorescence Enhancement Research Articles

Construction of Near-Infrared Probes with Remarkable Large Stokes Shift Based on a Novel Purine Platform for the Visualization of mtG4 Upregulation during Mitochondrial Disorder in Somatic Cells and Human Sperms.

G-quadruplex structures within the nuclear genome (nG4) is an important regulatory factor, while the function of G4 in the mitochondrial genome (mtG4) still needs to be explored, especially in human sperms. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function, it is crucial to develop excellent probes that can selectively visualize and track mtG4 in both somatic cells and sperms. Herein, based on our previous research on purine frameworks, we attempted for the first time to extend the conjugated structure from the C-8 site of purine skeleton and discovered that the purine derivative modified by the C-8 aldehyde group is an ideal platform for constructing near-infrared probes with extremely large Stokes shift (>220 nm). Compared with the compound substituted with methylpyridine (PAP), the molecule substituted with methylthiazole orange (PATO) showed better G4 recognition ability, including longer emission (∼720 nm), more significant fluorescent enhancement (∼67-fold), lower background, and excellent photostability. PATO exhibited a sensitive response to mtG4 variation in both somatic cells and human sperms. Most importantly, PATO helped us to discover that mtG4 was significantly increased in cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain damage caused by complex I inhibitors (6-OHDA and rotenone), as well as in human sperms that suffer from oxidative stress. Altogether, our study not only provides a novel ideal molecular platform for constructing high-performance probes but also develops an effective tool for studying the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function in both somatic cells and human sperms.

Self-Internal Standard Fluorescence for Ultrasensitive Detecting of mtDNA to Evaluate Matrilineal Genetic Defect Levels.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a unique genetic material characterized by maternal inheritance. It possesses a circular structure devoid of histone protection and exhibits low cellular abundance, which poses great challenges for its sensitive and selective detection at the living cell level. Herein, we have designed three bis-naphthylimide probes with varying linker lengths (NANn-OH, n = 0, 2, 6), facilitating the formation of distinct twisted or folded molecular conformations in the free state. These probes emit the red fluorescence around 627 nm with different fluorescence quantum yields (ΦNAN0-OH = 0.0016, ΦNAN2-OH = 0.0136, and ΦNAN6-OH = 0.0125). When encountering mtDNA (0.4-3.4 μg/mL), these probes undergo conformational changes depending on the length of the attached C-strand and exhibit a gradually increasing fluorescence signal around 453 nm. The fluorescence intensity increased to 13.5-fold, 1.9-fold, and 8.2-fold, respectively. Notably, the red fluorescence intensities around 627 nm remain constant throughout this process, thus serving as an inherent correction mechanism for proportional fluorescence signal enhancement to improve selectivity and sensitivity. NAN0-OH, NAN2-OH, and NAN6-OH showed good linearity for mtDNA in the range of 0.4-3.4 μg/mL with detection limits of LODNAN0-OH = 1.04 μg/mL, LODNAN2-OH = 1.10 μg/mL, and LODNAN6-OH = 1.15 μg/mL. Cellular experiments reveal that NAN6-OH effectively monitors curcumin-induced mtDNA damage in HepG-2 cells while enabling monitoring of genetic mtDNA damage. We anticipate that this tool holds significant potential for the precise evaluation of maternal genetic defects, thereby enhancing hypersensitive assessment in clinical medicine.

Metasurface Platform Incorporating Aggregation Induced Emission Based Biosensor for Enhanced Human Serum Albumin Detection

AbstractMetasurfaces exhibit excellent optical performance to enhance the light–matter interaction of target molecules in biosensing based on its well‐optimized nanostructured unit cells. In the meantime, fluorescence (FL) biosensors with aggregation induced emissions (AIE) features also demonstrate outstanding performance in biomarker detection due to their fast response, high selectivity, and low background noise. Nevertheless, extremely low‐level analytes are difficult to detect in practical applications since complex urine samples include a number of uncontrolled variables such as impurities, autofluorescence, other urine components, etc. At present, improving optical signal sensitivity of human serum albumin (HSA) detection is always a big challenge to overcome such interference in human urine scenarios. In this work, first an AIE‐based FL biosensor TPE‐4TA is combined with an all‐dielectric metasurface platform to achieve quantitative detection of trace HSA in urine by utilizing biofunctionalization protocols on the silicon (Si) nanostructures. The results indicate significant FL enhancement in the metasurface platform that offers a promising pathway for improving biomarker detection in the future.

A CHA amplifier assisted DNA logical circuits for accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Developing sensitive and reliable strategies for the simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs is crucial for the accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infraction (AMI). Herein, we have rationally designed a signal amplifier-assisted DNA “AND” logic gate for simultaneously detecting three AMI-related miRNAs. To achieve amplified signal output, hairpins labeled with FAM and BHQ1 are employed, which remain in the signal-off state. Upon the input of all three targets, the “AND” logic gate is activated, resulting in the release of a trigger molecule. This trigger molecule then initiates the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction, leading to amplified fluorescence signal enhancement. Notably, the system demonstrates excellent sensing performance in serum, exhibiting a wide detection range spanning from 0.05 to 20 nM and low limits of detection (31.34, 39.07, and 23.86 pM) for the three miRNAs. The AND-CHA system ensures that fluorescence signal output is obtained only when all three inputs are present simultaneously. It provides a direct result without the need for further signal analysis, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and convenience.

A biologically inspired fluorescent probe with enhanced sensing performance for detection of Al3+ based on metal replacement strategy

Salicylaldehyde acyl-hydrazone derivatives have been widely applied to design fluorescent probe for Al3+ detection, but they are always restricted to detect Al3+ in water and actual samples by their poor solubility, low sensitivity, and long response time. Biologically inspired, four salicylaldehyde acyl-hydrazone compounds were designed and synthesized and H4L1 as one of them was selected for in-situ assembly of the ytterbium complex (FP-Al), which has been developed to be a new fluorescent probe for Al3+ detection by the central mental displacement process. The in-situ structure transformation from FP-Al to Al-L was fully characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis, 1H NMR, FT-IR, and spectral analysis. The intrinsic driving force was explained and elaborated by theoretical calculation. FP-Al showed a significant visible fluorescence enhancement and near-infrared luminescence decreased upon the addition of Al3+. Compared with the ligand H4L1, FP-Al showed enhanced sensing performance during Al3+ detection, especially in improving water solubility and selectivity to Al3+, promoting response speed, reducing background fluorescence and increase cell-membrane permeability. The application of spontaneous metal replacement reaction might be able to provide a new strategy to develop high-performance optical chemo-sensors.

Bifunctional Tb(III)-modified Ce-MOF nanoprobe for colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of α-glucosidase activity

α-Glucosidase, which directly involves in the metabolism of starch and glycogen and causes an increase in blood sugar level, is the major target enzyme for the precaution and therapy of type II diabetes. Based on the previous work, we adopted a post-synthetic modification method to encapsulate Tb3+ into Ce-MOF nanozyme which owned mixed valence states. Tb@Ce-MOF displayed induced luminescence characteristic and exceptional oxidase-like activity that could oxidize colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue ox-TMB. α-Glucosidase can hydrolyze the substrate l-ascorbic acid-2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl (AAG) to generate ascorbic acid (AA), which could increase the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox valence mode in Tb@Ce-MOF, leading to the inhibition of the allochroic reaction of TMB and the decreased absorption of ox-TMB at 652 nm. The energy transfer (EnT) process from Ce3+ to Tb3+ will enhance due to the increased Ce3+/Ce4+ mode in Tb@Ce-MOF, which will result in an enhanced fluorescence signal of Tb@Ce-MOF at 550 nm. But the addition of inhibitor acarbose will inhibit the above process. We have constructed a dual-mode detection platform of α-glucosidase and its inhibitor via colorimetric and fluorometric method. The linear range of α-glucosidase were 0.01–0.5 U/mL (colorimetric mode) and 0.8–1.5 U/mL (fluorometric mode), respectively, with a detection limit as low as 0.0018 U/mL. Furthermore, our approach was also successfully employed to the analysis of α-glucosidase in serum samples.

A novel tricyanofuran-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for rapid detection and discrimination of Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S

A novel dual-emission responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe (2-OH-TCF-NBD) for the detection and discrimination of Cys/Hcy, GSH/H2S was developed on the basis of the conjugation of a tricyanofuran-based fluorophore (2-OH-TCF) and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl). When the probe was added to the Cys/Hcy solution, it resulted in significant fluorescence enhancement at both 527 and 630 nm, while GSH/H2S induced major fluorescence emission only at 630 nm. The detection limits for Cys, Hcy, GSH, and H2S were determined to be 0.029, 0.020, 0.29, and 0.20 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the probe demonstrated some merits including easy preparation, rapid response time, and good anti-interference ability. The possible response mechanism was also proposed and validated by HPLC analysis of the reaction process. Therefore, the probe can be a potential tool for discriminating the detection of Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S under physiological conditions.

Synthesis and experimental investigations of a photoactive naphthopyran for sensing nanomolar concentration of ammonia

Selective detection and identification of toxic analytes such as trace gases hold significant relevance in supramolecular host–guest functional systems. Identification becomes easier when the detection tool is prone to fluorescence enhancement instead of quenching. A judiciously designed substituted naphthopyran derivative was synthesized and its interactions with several amine guests have been investigated. The probe displayed enhancement in fluorescence signal on interaction with ammonia. Based on fluorescence spectroscopy a limit of detection value of 56 nM was witnessed for ammonia. Molecular level interaction analysis performed using 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated ring opening of naphthopyran derivative induced by ammonia. The designed naphthopyran probe might be useful as a tool for portable NH3 sensing.

Development of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with enhanced fluorescence reaction for the quantitation of atezolizumab in plasma.

Atezolizumab (ATZ) is a human monoclonal antibody, which has been granted multiple approvals from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the immunotherapy of different types of cancer. This study describes the prototype of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for the quantitation of ATZ in plasma. The assay involved the non-competitive binding of ATZ to its specific antigen [programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein]. The immune complex formed on the inner surface of the assay plate wells was quantified by anti-human secondary antibody labeled with a chelate of europium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The enhanced fluorescence signal was generated by an enhanced fluorescence solution composed of thenoyltrifluoroacetone, trioctylphosphine oxide, and Triton X-100. The conditions of the TRFIA were refined, and its optimum procedures were established. The assay was validated in accordance with the immunoassay validation guidelines, and all the validation parameters were acceptable. The working range of the assay was 20-1000 pg mL-1, and its limit of quantitation was 20 pg mL-1. The assay was applied to the quantitation of ATZ in plasma samples with satisfactory accuracy and precision. The proposed TRFIA has significant benefits over the existing methodologies for the quantitation of ATZ in clinical settings.

Copper(II) Driven Fluorescence switch-on Detection of Ovalbumin and GSH Using a Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Derived Tetradentate Schiff Base and its Applications.

The facile detection of glutathione (GSH) and ovalbumin (OVA) is of great importance in biological research. Herein, a tetradentate Schiff base N, N'-bis(pyridoxal-5-phosphate)-o-phenylenediamine (L) obtained by condensing two moles of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) with one mole of 1,2-phenylenediamine was employed for the fluorescence switch-on detection of GSH and OVA. When excited at 389nm, receptor L showed a weak emission at 454nm in an aqueous medium. The addition of GSH to the solution of L caused a significant fluorescence enhancement at 454nm. Amino acids (leucine, glycine, serine, tryptophan, homocysteine, alanine, methionine, arginine and proline) and albumins (bovine serum albumin and OVA) failed to alter the fluorescence profile of L. Receptor L can be applied to detect GSH down to 1.16 µM. However, the fluorescence emission of L was quenched upon the formation of the L-Cu2+ complex. The addition of GSH and OVA to the in-situ formed L-Cu2+ complex restored not only the fluorescence emission of L but also a noticeable fluorescence enhancement observed at 454nm. The decomplexation of L-Cu2+, along with the interaction of L with GSH and OVA is expected to suppress the conformational flexibility of L that enhanced the fluorescent intensity at 454nm. Using L-Cu2+ complex, the concentration of OVA and GSH can be detected down to 0.31 µM and 0.20 µM, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation were performed to analyze the binding mode, conformational flexibility and dynamic stability of the L-Cu2+-OVA complex. Finally, the analytical novelty of L-Cu2+ was examined by detecting GSH/OVA in real biological samples, such as human blood serum, urine, and egg white.

Activatable near-infrared fluorescence and chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI multimodal imaging probe for tumor detection in vitro and in vivo

Multimodal imaging has emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Ideally, it combines multiple imaging techniques to provide complementary anatomical and molecular information in living subjects. Particularly desirable are multimodal imaging probes capable of providing differential diagnostic signals upon interaction with specific molecular targets. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key target in this regard, since it is typically overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we present a small-molecule probe that not only selectively detects endogenous H2O2 through multimodal imaging, with a significant H2O2-triggered 15-fold fluorescence enhancement but also turns “on” a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance (MR) response with 60-fold signal enhancement at pH 7.4. Excellent selectivity against various other biologically relevant species is seen. Using this probe, we observed 3.4–4.5-fold and 2.8–5.8-fold higher H2O2 levels in cancerous cell lines and tumor tissues compared to normal cell lines and tissues, respectively. Time-dependent in vivo fluorescence and CEST imaging in a HeLa (Henrietta Lacks) tumor xenograft mouse model revealed probe-dependent tumor detection by fluorescence and CEST MRI contrast in the tumor area. These observations are attributed to the relatively high endogenous H2O2 levels produced during mitosis. This newly developed probe holds promise for advancing our understanding of H2O2-related biology and for cancer detection both in vitro and in vivo.

A sensitive fluorescence biosensor based on ligation-transcription and CRISPR/Cas13a-assisted cascade amplification strategies to detect the H1N1 virus.

We propose a sensitive H1N1 virus fluorescence biosensor based on ligation-transcription and CRISPR/Cas13a-assisted cascade amplification strategies. Products are generated via the hybridization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes containing T7 promoter and crRNA templates to a target RNA sequence using SplintR ligase. This generates large crRNA quantities in the presence of T7 RNA polymerase. At such crRNA quantities, ternary Cas13a, crRNA, and activator complexes are successfully constructed and activate Cas13a to enhance fluorescence signal outputs. The biosensor sensitively and specifically monitored H1N1 viral RNA levels down to 3.23 pM and showed good linearity when H1N1 RNA concentrations were 100 pM-1 µM. Biosensor specificity was also excellent. Importantly, our biosensor may be used to detect other viral RNAs by altering the sequences of the two probe junctions, with potential applications for the clinical diagnosis of viruses and other biomedical studies.

Visualized Enzyme-Activated Fluorescence Probe for Accurately Detecting β-Gal in Living Cells and BALB/c Nude Mice.

Colorectal cancer was one of the major malignant tumors threatening human health and β-Gal was recognized as a principal biomarker for primary colorectal cancer. Thus, designing specific and efficient quantitative detection methods for measuring β-Gal enzyme activity was of great clinical test significance. Herein, an ultrasensitive detection method based on Turn-on fluorescence probe (CS-βGal) was reported for visualizing the detection of exogenous and endogenous β-galactosidase enzyme activity. The test method possessed a series of excellent performances, such as a significant fluorescence enhancement (about 11.3-fold), high selectivity as well as superior sensitivity. Furthermore, under the optimal experimental conditions, a relatively low limit of detection down to 0.024 U/mL was achieved for fluorescence titration experiment. It was thanks to the better biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, CS-βGal had been triumphantly employed to visual detect endogenous and exogenous β-Gal concentration variations in living cells with noteworthy anti-interference performance. More biologically significant was the fact that the application of CS-βGal in BALB/c nude mice was also achieved successfully for monitoring endogenous β-Gal enzyme activity.

A dual-emission fluorescent probe for simultaneous detection of singlet oxygen and hypochlorous acid in lipid droplets

Singlet oxygen (1O2) and hypochlorite (ClO-) are two important reactive oxygen species. They coexist in living systems and can be interconverted in organisms, being involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that transport and store lipids, and 1O2 and ClO- tend to destroy unsaturated lipids, leading to lipid oxidation and causing a range of diseases. Here we proposed the first dual-response fluorescent probe DBCC that can simultaneously distinguish 1O2 and ClO- within LDs. The probe is almost non-fluorescent, while significant fluorescence enhancement can be observed in the blue and green channels after treatment with 1O2 and ClO-, respectively. With the excellent properties of high sensitivity, good selectivity and wide tolerance range, the probe DBCC has been successfully used to detect 1O2 and ClO- in HepG2 cells and zebrafish, and faultlessly realized endogenous and exogenous 1O2 and ClO- imaging in LDs. This work provides a powerful analytical tool for further investigating the levels of 1O2 and ClO- in LDs and associated diseases.

Development of D-π-A organic dyes for discriminating HSA from BSA and study on dye-HSA interaction

HSA (human serum albumin), a most abundant protein in blood serum, plays a key role in maintaining human health. Abnormal HSA level is correlated with many diseases, and thus has been used as an essential biomarker for therapeutic monitoring and biomedical diagnosis. Development of small-molecule fluorescent probes allowing the selective and sensitive recognition of HSA in in vitro and in vivo is of fundamental importance in basic biological research as well as medical diagnosis. Herein, we reported a series of new synthesized fluorescent dyes containing D-π-A constitution, which exhibited different optical properties in solution and solid state. Among them, dye M−H−SO3 with a hydrophilic sulfonate group at electron-acceptor part displayed selectivity for discrimination of HSA from BSA and other enzymes. Upon binding of dye M−H−SO3 with HSA, a significant fluorescence enhancement with a turn-on ratio about 96-fold was triggered. The detection limit was estimated to be ∼ 40 nM. Studies on the interaction mechanism revealed that dye M−H−SO3 could bind to site III of HSA with a 1:1 binding stoichiometry. Furthermore, dye M−H−SO3 has been applied to determine HSA in real urine samples with good recoveries, which provided a useful method for HSA analysis in biological fluids.

Development of Paper-Based Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor for Rapid Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a notifiable viral disease caused by Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV). It is usually associated with high economic losses, including a loss of productivity, infertility, and death. LSDV shares genetic and antigenic similarities with Sheep pox virus (SPV) and Goat pox (GPV) virus. Hence, the LSDV traditional diagnostic tools faced many limitations regarding sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity. Herein, we fabricated a paper-based turn-on fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sensor for the rapid detection of LSDV. The LSDV-MIPs sensor showed strong fluorescent intensity signal enhancement in response to the presence of the virus within minutes. Our sensor showed a limit of detection of 101 log10 TCID50/mL. Moreover, it showed significantly higher specificity to LSDV relative to other viruses, especially SPV. To our knowledge, this is the first record of a paper-based rapid detection test for LSDV depending on fluorescent turn-on behavior.

Rational design of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring butyrylcholinesterase activity and its application in development of inhibitors.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is widely expressed in multiple tissues and has a vital role in several key human disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and tumorigenesis. However, the role of BChE in human disorders has not been investigated. Thus, to quantitatively detect and visualize dynamical variations in BChE activity is essential for exploring the biological roles of BChE in the progression of a number of human disorders. Herein, based on the substrate characteristics of BChE, we customized and synthesized three near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe substrates with cyanine-skeleton, and finally selected a NIR fluorescence probe substrate named CYBA. The CYBA demonstrated a significant increase in fluorescence when interacting with BChE, but mainly avoided AChE. Upon the addition of BChE, CYBA could be specifically hydrolyzed to TBO, resulting in a significant NIR fluorescence signal enhancement at 710nm. Systematic evaluation revealed that CYBA exhibited exceptional chemical stability in complex biosamples and possessed remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards BChE. Moreover, CYBA was successfully applied for real-time imaging of endogenous BChE activity in two types of nerve-related living cells. Additionally, CYBA demonstrated exceptional stability in the detection of complex biological samples in plasma recovery studies (97.51%-104.01%). Furthermore, CYBA was used to construct a high-throughput screening (HTS) method for BChE inhibitors using human plasma as the enzyme source. We evaluated inhibitory effects of a series of natural products and four flavonoids were identified as potent inhibitors of BChE. Collectively, CYBA can serve as a practical tool to track the changes of BChE activity in complicated biological environments due to its excellent capabilities.

Highly selective and sensitive detection of hyaluronic acid based on a pyrene-cored cationic aggregation-induced emission luminogen

An aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) that is positively charged, compound 1, is synthesized by attaching a pyridyl cation to a pyrene core by use of a cyanoethylene bond. By employing compound 1, it is possible to identify hyaluronic acid (HA) by combining it with the negatively charged HA through electrostatic interactions. When combined with HA, compound 1 exhibits a 9-fold fluorescence enhancement within 7 s, and shows a sensitive and quick response to HA with a detection limit as low as 6.9 ng/mL. Among the variety of available biological substances, even analogues to HA such as chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS) and heparin (Hep), compound 1 is shown to have the most significant fluorescence enhancement when connected to HA only, which demonstrates its excellent selectivity for HA. In particular, upon long-wavelength emission close to 600 nm and an extensive shift (∼160 nm), compound 1 allows for a minimization of the auto-fluorescence interference from complex biological substances and creates more accurate outcomes. Finally, the successful application of compound 1 for the purpose of selective and sensitive detection of HA in living cells is shown to be possible. Notably, good linear relationships arise for a serum assay when the concentration of the applied HA is within the range of 0–8.0 μg/mL (R2 = 0.999), which suggests a possible clinical practice for quantifying HA since the clinical dosage level is covered by this range during both cardiovascular surgery and long-term care. Furthermore, our research offers a feasible and straightforward tool for detecting HA through electrostatic interactions.

Molecular rotor bearing naphthol hydrazone Schiff base for sensing viscosity changes in solutions and biosystems

Viscosity is an important parameter in cells since it is closely related to a few severe human diseases. The development of fluorescent probes that can detect changes in intracellular viscosity has become an effective tool for monitoring the intracellular microenvironment. In this work, an efficient Schiff base molecular rotor, NaForm, is designed and synthesized by covalently linking a naphthol hydrazine derivative with the methyl 4-formylbenzoate group for the optical detection of viscosity changes. By increasing the viscosity of solvents, a significant enhancement of fluorescence for the probe at the yellow-green channel is observed. The probe also exhibits the advantages of high sensitivity and large Stokes shift of 128 nm. Both theoretical calculations and spectroscopic measurements suggest that the inhibition of chemical bond rotation between the hydrazine and the benzene ring leads to such a profound turn-on response. The successful applications of the probe in HeLa cells and zebrafish sufficiently demonstrate the privilege of NaForm as a practical viscosity-dependant chemosensor in aqueous samples and organisms. This chemosensor holds great promise for studying intracellular viscosity effects in various biological contexts.

A turn-on fluorescent probe based on benzothiazole for H2S detection and its multiple applications in water samples and food spoilage

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a common hazardous gas, which is associated with environmental water pollution and food spoilage. Herein, a turn-on benzothiazole-based fluorescent probe (BATD) was synthesized for detecting H2S and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and MS. BATD exhibited enhanced fluorescence signal at 600 nm with a remarked Stokes shift (145 nm), rapid response (within 90 s) and sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD = 76 nM) for H2S detection. The probe was significantly fluorescent enhancement in response to H2S over the other analytes. In addition, BATD was employed to detect H2S in water samples and monitor H2S gas generated from food spoilage. Benefiting from the excellent performance of the probe in recognizing H2S, a convenient H2S sensing platform for smartphones had been successfully established.