Significant Effect Of Exercise Research Articles

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials to Evaluate the Impact of Exercise on Heart Rate Variability Post-Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery is an approach used to treat patients with obesity in a small minority of eligible patients. Non-pharmacological therapies are important to maintain decent health status post-bariatric surgery. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. The searches were made via MEDLINE/PubMed (via the National Library of Medicine), EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We included non-blind, single-, or double-blind randomized control trials in patients older than 18 years of age submitted to bariatric surgery. The intervention group should be submitted to an exercise training protocol, including aerobic, strength, and other exercise modality after bariatric surgery. We documented 245 studies, and after screening and eligibility phases, only 4 were included. We observed no significant change for the SDNN: subtotal = 19.74 (CI: -4.98, 44.45), p = 0.12, I2 = 85% (very low quality of evidence); pNN50: subtotal = 13.09 (CI: -9.17, 35.35), p = 0.25, I2 = 93% (very low quality of evidence); RMSSD: subtotal = 8.44 (CI: -3.61, 25.50), p = 0.17, I2 = 95% (very low quality of evidence); SD1: subtotal = 9.36 (CI: -4.48, 23.21), p = 0.19, I2 = 96% (very low quality of evidence). We could not detect significant effects of exercise on resting HRV after bariatric surgery. The low certainty of the results via the evidence level analysis suggest further studies might be beneficial.

수안재활운동이 넙다리근막긴장근의 근기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

This study attempted to investigate changes in the muscular function of the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) when manipulation treatment or impulse gun treatment was given to posterior the superior iliac spine (PSIS). For muscular function measurements, a toatl of 45 subjects were divided into two groups: the chiropractic group (EG, n = 22), and the impulse gun group (CG, n = 23). In the chiropractic group, muscular function of the TFL showed an upward pattern in all elements, except RTFLVc in the evaluation before and after Week 1 and Week 8. As for the isokinetic muscular joint function of the hip joint, all aspects showed an upward pattern in the evaluation before and after Week 1 and Week 8. Depending on time, there were significant exercise effects in abR3PT, abL3PT, adR3PT, adR3WR, adR12TWD, adR12TWD, abR12TWD, abL12TWD, adR12TWD, adR12TWD, adR12TWD, and adL12TWD. The impulsive gun group also showed an upward pattern, although there was no significant difference in the muscular function of the TFL, and only the LTFLTc elevated or decreased significantly depending on time. The isokinetic muscle joint function of the hip joint did not show significant changes in abR3PT, abL3PT, abR3WR, and abL3WR in the evaluation before and after Week 1 and Week 8, but a slightly increased pattern was confirmed in the remaining areas. Depending on time, there were significant effects in adR3PT, adL3PT, adR3WR, adL3WR adR12TWD, and adL12TWD. The abR3WR was found to decrease significantly, which was anticipated.

Effects of physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on long-term tested and perceived cognition: results of a pragmatic follow-up study

PurposeCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following chemotherapy is commonly reported in breast cancer survivors, even years after treatment. Data from preclinical studies suggest that exercise during chemotherapy may prevent or diminish cognitive problems; however, clinical data are scarce.MethodsThis is a pragmatic follow-up study of two original randomized trials, which compares breast cancer patients randomized to exercise during chemotherapy to non-exercise controls 8.5 years post-treatment. Cognitive outcomes include an online neuropsychological test battery and self-reported cognitive complaints. Cognitive performance was compared to normative data and expressed as age-adjusted z-scores.ResultsA total of 143 patients participated in the online cognitive testing. Overall, cognitive performance was mildly impaired on some, but not all, cognitive domains, with no significant differences between groups. Clinically relevant cognitive impairment was present in 25% to 40% of all participants, regardless of study group. We observed no statistically significant effect of exercise, or being physically active during chemotherapy, on long-term cognitive performance or self-reported cognition, except for the task reaction time, which favored the control group (β = -2.04, 95% confidence interval: -38.48; -2.38). We observed no significant association between self-reported higher physical activity levels during chemotherapy or at follow-up and better cognitive outcomes.ConclusionIn this pragmatic follow-up study, exercising and being overall more physically active during or after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was not associated with better tested or self-reported cognitive functioning, on average, 8.5 years after treatment. Future prospective studies are needed to document the complex relationship between exercise and CRCI in cancer survivors.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA PESERTA DIDIK PUTRA KELAS VII SMPN 3 KOTO BARU

ABSTRACT
 
 Based on the results of observations that researchers found in the field, the low physical fitness of VII grade male students is evident from the facts that researchers found in the process of physical fitness learning for the 1st semester of 2021/2022 school year. Only 13 students who have good physical fitness level out of 37 students, here the percentage can only be 35.14%, while 64.86% have low physical fitness levels (Physical Educater for Junior Haig School 1 Tiumang, Dharmasraya Regency). This study aims to uncover the differences in the learning model of game modification and traditional games on physical fitness of male students of class VII Male Students of Junior High School 3 Koto Baru Dharmasraya Regency)
 This type of research is quasi-experimental, which was conducted on Agust 1 to Ocober 2 in male students of class VII Junior High School 3 Koto Baru Dharmasraya District, amounting to 30 people. Sampling in this study using proportional random sampling techniques to obtain a sample of 24 people. The test instrument used in this study is the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test for children aged 13-15 years while the statistical data analysis technique uses the normality test, and the t-test.
 Based on the results of data analysis using t-test analysis. The first hypothesis is obtained tcount (10.78)> ttable (1.796) which means that there is a significant exercise effect of the learning model of game modification on physical fitness..
 
 Keywords: Physical Fitness of Students, Game Modifications.

Diversified Teaching Strategies for College Swimming Courses in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract Swimming is a sport with a very significant exercise effect, so swimming courses in colleges and universities can promote the overall development of students’ physical fitness. In this paper, students’ swimming data are collected using intelligent sensors, and the collected data are noise-reduced and normalized by a low-pass filter. After the completion of data preprocessing, the swimming posture data features are extracted. The features are dimensionality reduced by the PCA method, combined with the BP neural network for training and accurate swimming posture recognition, and on this basis, a diversified teaching system for swimming courses in smart colleges and universities is constructed. After the students’ swimming data set was collected, the recognition effect of each swimming stroke was analyzed, and a comparison experiment was set up to investigate the practical effect and strategy of this teaching mode. The results show that the average accuracy of recognizing each stroke in this study can reach more than 0.988, and in the teaching test, the average difference between the performance of the experimental group and the control group is 7.6, and the P-value of the technical evaluation performance of the two groups of students in this project is 0.002<0.05, which significantly improves the swimming performance. This study can be combined with artificial intelligence technology to diversify the teaching of swimming courses in colleges and universities.

Effect of exercise training on functional capacity, muscle strength, exercise capacity, dialysis efficacy and quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To synthesize the effect of exercise training on functional capacity, muscle strength, exercise capacity, dialysis efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) in children and adolescents with CKD. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase were searched from inception to September 30, 2023. Randomized control trials (RCTs) and clinical trials that assessed the effect of exercise training programs on functional capacity, muscle strength, exercise capacity, dialysis efficacy, and QOL in children and adolescents with CKD were included. Random effect model and meta-regression were used for the meta-analysis. Four clinical trials and three RCTs were included. The results showed that exercise training improves strength, but meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of exercise on functional capacity (WMD: 1.02; 95% CI: - 0.14 to 2.18; p = 0.083) and QOL (WMD: 8.00; 95% CI: - 3.90 to 19.91; p = 0.187). Subgroup analysis revealed that more than 25 sessions and 45min per session of intervention, a PEDro score of more than 5, and being younger than 12years of age had a large effect on functional capacity and QOL results. Due to the limited number of studies that reported the effect of exercise on dialysis efficacy and exercise capacity, the findings were inconclusive. Exercise training could benefit children and adolescents with CKD by increasing their strength. Longer exercise interventions may be beneficial for improving functional capacity and QOL. Future well-designed RCTs should overcome the existing limitations using adequate sample sizes and longer exercise durations.

Effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin-2 gene expression and Nesfatin-1 concentration: A rapid review.

The aim of this rapid review is to examine the research evidence that presents the effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) gene expression and Nesfatin-1 concentration. Five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies from the earliest available date to August 2023. In human studies, Nesfatin-1 concentration either remains unchanged or increases after exercise training. It appears that higher exercise intensity and longer duration of training accentuate the increase of blood Nesfatin-1 concentration. The few human studies that have examined the acute response of exercise on Nesfatin-1 concentration from blood draws show conflicting results. There is a severe lack of biopsy studies in humans which warrants attention. All published animal studies have used the mouse model. The majority show that regular exercise training increases tissue NUCB2/Nesfatin-1. In some animal studies, where the effects of exercise on tissue Nesfatin-1 concentration has been seen as significant, there has been no significant effect of exercise on plasma Nesfatin-1 concentration. All animal studies evaluated the effect of endurance training except one which used resistance training. No animal studies have investigated the effects of acute exercise, which warrants investigation. In conclusion, human and animal studies have shown that physical training can increase NUCB2/Nesfatin-1, but research evidence examining the effect of acute exercise is in its infancy. In addition, future comparative studies are needed to compare the effects of different training protocols on NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 in humans and animals.

Effects of physical exercise interventions on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveTo determine whether physical exercise interventions can improve cognitive function, including overall performance and specific domains, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to provide potential evidence on how cognitive benefits can be optimized by exercise prescriptions. MethodsUsing PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), four independent reviewers screened the search results and extracted data from randomized controlled trials of physical exercise interventions in patients with PD with an outcome measure of cognitive function. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to report standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). ResultsTwenty-one randomized controlled trials including 761 patients with PD were eligible for inclusion. Physical exercise interventions led to significant improvements in global cognitive function (SMD = 0.69; 95 % CI = 0.31 to 1.06; P < 0.001). With respect to cognitive domains, the significant effect of exercise was found on executive function (SMD = 0.94; 95 % CI = 0.05 to 1.83; P = 0.039), but not on attention/working memory, language, memory, and visuospatial function. In moderator variable analyses, the effect on global cognition was observed in combined exercise programs (SMD = 0.79; 95 % CI = 0.46 to 1.12; P < 0.001), whereas there were no significant positive effects in aerobic exercise programs, strength exercise programs, and flexibility exercise programs. In addition, exercise interventions of light-to-moderate intensity with at least 60 min in duration, and of any frequency or period, were beneficial to the global cognitive function. ConclusionThis updated systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that physical exercise interventions are effective in improving global cognitive function and, to a lesser extent, executive function in patients with PD. At least 60 min a day of combined exercise programs on as many days of the week as feasible may be recommended as the non-pharmacological therapeutic option to improve cognitive function.

Abstract P174: Determining The Effect Of Diet And Short-term Voluntary Exercise On Renal Function And RAS mRNA Expression In Male C57Bl/6 Mice: A Pilot Study

Poor dietary quality and exercise are key risk factors for kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary quality is not considered in most preclinical animal studies and has likely hindered overall progress in biomedical research. We developed a novel diet to model the nutritional inadequacies of Americans and our data suggest poor dietary quality influences kidney function. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to determine how diet and exercise impact kidney and cardiovascular health in mice. Male C57Bl/6 mice were assigned to 1 of 3 diets: chow, synthetic AIN93G, or our novel Americanized diet (AD). Mice were assigned to exercise or control groups, with exercise being free access to an exercise wheel for 16 hours 3 times a week. After 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal blood flow (RBF) were quantified in a subset of each group. Renal mRNA expression of RAS genes was determined by RT-PCR in the remaining animals. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedures in SPSS, with significance determined at P &lt;0.05 and a tendency indicated at P &lt;0.1. Neither diet ( P =0.6) nor exercise ( P= 0.5) significantly influenced SBP or RBF, however, a significant diet*exercise interaction occurred ( P =0.03). AIN-fed mice with exercise had a significantly lower (94±8 mmHg, p=0.009) blood pressure as compared to the AIN control group (116±4 mmHg). Similarly, exercise also tended ( P =0.09) to reduce RBF in mice fed AIN. Exercise, regardless of diet, resulted in a doubling (p=0.03) in renal angiotensinogen expression as compared to control mice. This effect was most apparent in mice fed chow. Diet also mediated the significant effect of exercise on renal Mme expression ( P =0.04), with exercise lowering Mme expression in mice fed AIN and AD (50% reduction) and increasing its expression (3-times greater) in mice fed chow. A similar trend was observed with Agtr1a ( P =0.07). Regardless of diet, exercise also tended to upregulate Ace1 (p=0.054) compared to control mice. Results of this pilot study suggest that diet significantly influences the physiological response to exercise, particularly renal physiology and the control of blood pressure. Additional studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and identify the molecular mechanisms responsible.

Central and Peripheral Fatigue Evaluation during Physical Exercise in Athletic Horses by Means of Raman Spectroscopy.

The evaluation of the performance levels in athletic horses is of major importance to prevent sports injuries. Raman spectroscopy is an innovative technique that allows for a rapid evaluation of biomolecules in biological fluids. It also permits qualitative and quantitative sample analyses, which lead to the simultaneous determination of the components of the examined biological fluids. On the basis of this, the Raman spectroscopy technique was applied on serum samples collected from five Italian Saddle horses subjected to a standardized obstacle course preceded by a warm-up to evaluate the applicability of this technique for the assessment of central and peripheral fatigue in athletic horses. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture in a vacutainer tube with a clot activator before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 min and 1 h after the end of the obstacle course. Observing the obtained Raman spectra, the major changes due to the experimental conditions appeared in the (1300-1360) cm-1 and (1385-1520) cm-1 bands. In the (1300-1360) cm-1 band, lipids and tryptophan were identified; in the (1385-1520) cm-1 band, leucine, glycine, isoleucine, lactic acid, tripeptide, adenosine, and beta carotene were identified. A significant effect of exercise was recorded on all the sub-bands. In particular, a change immediately after exercise versus before exercise was found. Moreover, the mean lactic concentration was positively correlated with the Raman area of the sub-band assigned to lactic acid. In this context, the application of Raman spectroscopy on blood serum samples represents a useful technique for secondary-structure protein identification to investigate the metabolic changes that occur in athletic horses during physical exercise.

Leg-raise Exercise is Effective for Maintaining Bone Mineral Content and Density in the Lumbar Spine of Young Women

Background: Exercises performed at home and not requiring a change of clothes or special equipment are easy to start and can be continued long-term. To prevent COVID-19 infection, people worldwide have refrained from leaving their homes unnecessarily since the beginning of 2020. Fewer opportunities for outdoor exercise and less time spent in the sunlight can have serious negative effects on the bones. Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of low-repetition leg-raise training on the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the lumbar spine. Methods: Eighteen healthy female university students performed leg-raise training at home, ten repetitions per day, three days per week, for six months. BMC and BMD (g/cm²) of the right proximal femur and lumbar spine (L2–L4, anteroposterior view) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: This low-repetition, low-frequency leg-raise training significantly increased lumbar spine BMC and BMD in these young women. However, there was no significant effect of exercise on the BMC or BMD at any proximal femur site. Conclusions: Home-based body weight leg-raise training may have effective mechanical stress to maintain or increase BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine.

Moderators of resistance-based exercise programs' effect on sarcopenia-related measures in men with prostate cancer previously or currently undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: An individual patient data meta-analysis

IntroductionOlder men with prostate cancer are commonly affected by reductions in lean mass and physical function following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Resistance-based exercise programs are critical to counteract the musculoskeletal toxicities derived from prostate cancer treatment and aging. However, there is significant variability in the effects of exercise interventions. Examining demographic and clinical moderators of exercise effects in this patient group can assist in identifying which subgroups of patients benefit most. Therefore, we examined the effects and moderators of resistance-based exercise programs on sarcopenia-related outcomes that included lean mass, skeletal muscle index, physical function, and muscle strength in older men with prostate cancer. Materials and MethodsData were retrieved from the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) consortium. For the present study, we included data from trials that examined the effects of supervised resistance-based exercise interventions on lean mass outcomes, muscle strength, and physical function in patients with prostate cancer previously or currently treated with ADT. Linear mixed models were undertaken to analyse the effects of resistance-based exercise programs considering the clustering of patients within studies. Effects were evaluated by regressing the study group on the post-intervention value of the outcome adjusted for the baseline value, while potential moderators were examined by adding the moderator and its interaction term into the regression model. ResultsA total of 560 patients with prostate cancer (age: 69.5 ± 7.8 yrs.; body mass index: 28.6 ± 4.0 kg.m−2) previously or currently treated with ADT were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in significant effects on whole-body and appendicular lean mass and the skeletal muscle index (P < 0.05), with improvements observed across different characteristics. Improvements were also observed in 400-m walk and 6-m backwards tandem walk (P < 0.05), with patients presenting with lower baseline levels deriving greater exercise effects on 400-m walk (−19.4 s, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −36.6 to −2.3) and 6-m backwards tandem walk tests (−3.0 s, 95% CI: −5.7 to −0.3). For relative muscle strength, significant exercise effects were observed, with greater effects in younger patients (0.35 kg.kg−1, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.48). DiscussionResistance-based exercise programs effectively improve well-known markers of sarcopenia in men with prostate cancer, with specific subgroups of patients, such as those younger and presenting with lower baseline levels of physical function, deriving greater effects on muscle strength and physical function, respectively.

폐경기 비만 여성의 운동 중재 효과

Objectives This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis study to confirm the characteristics and effects of domestic exercise intervention programs for health promotion in postmenopausal obese women.&#x0D; Methods This study investigated literature published in academic journals published in Korea until August 2022. The search was conducted through four databases: Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Medical Papers Database, and National Assembly Library. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final 4 RCT papers were analyzed. For the selected literature, the effect size was calculated using RevMan 5.4.&#x0D; Results As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that exercise intervention in postmenopausal obese women had significant effects on body fat percentage -8.96 and body mass index -1.50. In addition, significant effects of exercise were found on systolic blood pressure -6.91, total cholesterol -5.30, triglyceride -3.00, low-density lipoprotein -22.13, high-density lipoprotein 2.26, and blood glucose -10.66.&#x0D; Conclusions With the development of modern medicine, the average life expectancy of women is increasing, and the risk of obesity after menopause is increasing due to various reasons such as long-term hormonal changes. Therefore, by confirming the effect of exercise intervention on postmenopausal obese women, this researcher will be able to use it as evidence for the development of educational programs for obesity prevention and health promotion exercise for subjects in the community.

The effect of exercise on cognitive function in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

A growing body of research examining the effect of exercise on cognitive function in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), while findings of available studies were conflicting. We aimed to explore the effect of exercise on cognitive function in MS patients. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Scopus electronic databases, through July 18, 2022. Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. Twenty-one studies with a total of 23 experimental groups and 21 control groups met the inclusion criteria. There was a significant effect of exercise on improving cognitive function in MS patients, while the effect size was small (Cohen's d = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.34, p < 0.001, I2 = 39.31%). Subgroup analysis showed that exercise significantly improved memory (Cohen's d = 0.17, 95% CI 0.02-0.33, p = 0.03, I2 = 7.59%). In addition, multicomponent training, exercise conducted 8weeks and 10weeks, up to 60min per session, 3 times or more per week, 180min or more per week increased cognitive function significantly. Furthermore, a worse basal MS status (defined by the Expanded Disability Status Scale) and an older age were associated with greater improvement in cognitive function. MS patients are recommended to participate in at least three multicomponent training sessions per week, with each session lasting up to 60min, and the exercise goal of 180min per week can be achieved by increasing the frequency of exercise. Exercise lasting 8 or 10weeks is best for cognitive function improvement. Additionally, a worse basal MS status, or the older the age, the greater effect on cognitive function.

Muscle Power in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This study aimed to review the impact of training on muscle power in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of exercise-based interventions on limbs muscle power and rate of force development in COPD patients were investigated. Five international databases were searched until October 2022. Meta-analyses were performed calculating the mean difference or standardized mean difference. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. A total of nine studies were included in the analysis. There were concerns about risk of bias in seven out of nine studies. Comparison of exercising and non-exercising groups showed a significant effect of exercise in improving muscle power (P=0.0004) and rate of force development (P<0.001), in five and three trials, respectively. Four studies comparing different trainings showed no significant results on muscle power (P=0.45). Eight to 16 weeks of exercise-based intervention versus no intervention might be beneficial to enhance upper and lower limbs muscle power and rate of force development in people with COPD. In contrast, muscle power did not improve when different training modalities were compared. Future studies performing power training in COPD patients are encouraged.

The Effect of Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in PCOS Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a typical female disorder that influences different aspects of women's health. There is a direct association between inflammation and PCOS status. Some evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise on inflammation status in PCOS women, while others cannot find a significant association. This study aimed to clarify the effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in women with PCOS. Electronic searches in international databases were performed to identify eligible publications up to August 2021, which compared the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in the intervention group compared to the control group in PCOS women. A weighted mean difference (WMD) using a random-effect model was applied for reporting results. A total of 2525 records were found via database searching, of which 10 were eligible to be included in the analysis. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that exercise could significantly lower the serum level of CRP (WMD: -0.43 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.21; P ≤ 0.01; I 2: 84.9%; P < ≤0.01), while it was not considerable for adiponectin (WMD: -0.33 μg/mL; 95% CI: -0.97 to 0.31; P=0.30; I 2: 0%; P=0.97). In addition, subgroup analyses indicated a significant effect of exercise on CRP in individuals ≥30 years, sample size ≥15 individuals, and aerobic training. Exercise training can reduce CRP levels in women with CRP, particularly in women older than 30 years of age, and in studies with more than 15 participants. The effect of exercise on adiponectin was not noticeable.

The Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Memory, Processing Speed, and Mood State After a Cognitive Challenge.

Venezia, AC, Barney, P, Spagnoli, D, Greco-Hiranaka, C, Piepmeier, AT, Smith, JC, and Weiss, LR. The effects of acute resistance exercise on memory, processing speed, and mood state after a cognitive challenge. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1738-1745, 2023-Acute moderate-to-vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise has been shown to improve learning and memory, but the effectiveness of acute high-intensity resistance exercise for improving memory is not fully understood. Like acute aerobic exercise, acute resistance exercise increases arousal and circulating catecholamines, mechanisms suggested to mediate the memory-enhancing effects of acute exercise. Furthermore, although acute exercise has been shown to benefit mood state, it is unknown if high-intensity resistance exercise positively influences mood state after a cognitive challenge. In this within-subjects design, subjects (18- to 25-year-old men) completed an approximately 40-minute session of resistance exercise or seated rest. Immediately after, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Code Substitution (CS)-Learning, CS-Immediate Recognition, and CS-Delayed Recognition tasks were completed, followed by the ANAM Mood Scale. There were no significant effects of exercise on recognition memory; however, CS-Learning (attention and processing speed) was better after resistance exercise ( p = 0.03). After the cognitive challenge, restlessness ( p < 0.001), vigor ( p = 0.03), and depression ( p = 0.047) scores were higher after resistance exercise compared with rest; however, after false discovery rate correction, only restlessness remained significantly different between sessions ( q = 0.002), whereas vigor ( q = 0.09) and depression ( q = 0.09) did not. These results suggest that an acute bout of resistance exercise improves attention and processing speed, although it does not improve recognition memory and has mixed effects on mood state in college-aged men.

The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure in uncomplicated and at risk pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Regular exercise performed during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of developing perinatal gestational hypertensive conditions. Further evidence on the exact parameters of exercise needed to explain these beneficial responses is required, within both uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure during pregnancy. Systematic review and meta-analysis. An online search of six search engines was conducted up to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort, and longitudinal studies were included. Studies included an acute exercise bout or intervention of land-based aerobic and/or resistance exercise during any trimester in uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. Outcomes included mean arterial pressure (MAP), or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Following the removal of duplicates, 1538 articles were screened with 59 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the review (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) n = 34, clinical trials n = 19, cohort n = 5 and cross-sectional n = 2), and 21 studies included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used with mean difference calculated in mmHg. Overall, there were no statistically significant effects of exercise on resting blood pressure (BP) outcomes in pregnant women with normal blood pressure compared to control/usual care populations following intervention (SBP mean diff -1.54 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.38; DBP mean diff -2.25 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.1; MAP mean diff -1.75 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.31). In at-risk pregnant women, both aerobic and combination exercise significantly reduced BP outcomes compared to control (SBP mean diff -3.91 mmHg, p < 0.01; DBP mean diff -2.9 mmHg, p = 0.01; MAP mean diff -2.38 mmHg, p = 0.01). Twenty-seven studies reported an acute increase in SBP and DBP during aerobic exercise, with no difference found between uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. Compared to usual care, aerobic and/or resistance exercise performed throughout uncomplicated pregnancy had no influence on blood pressure. Pregnant women with no diagnosed complications should be encouraged to exercise regularly due to the multitude of known benefits. In women who are at risk of, or diagnosed, with gestational hypertensive conditions during pregnancy, moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy improves blood pressure outcomes. Higher risk pregnancies may reduce their risk of future cardiovascular complications through regular exercise training during pregnancy. CRD42020159998.

Effects of Exercise on Sleep in Older Adults: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

We aimed to systematically analyze reviews of randomized clinical trials that investigate the overall effect of exercise and of different types of exercise on sleep in older adults. Meta-analysis was performed to obtain the standardized mean difference of the effect of the different types of exercise. Twenty systematic reviews published between 2012 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria of this overview. Moderate significant effects of exercise were observed on overall sleep quality and its subjective components (quality, duration, latency, habitual efficiency, medication use, and daytime dysfunction). Among the types of exercise, sensitivity analysis revealed significant effects of Pilates, Tai Chi, and Baduanjin Qigong on sleep quality. Exercise has a positive effect on sleep quality in older people. Our findings are extremely important, especially for decision makers in the health area, permitting the planning of actions and evidence-based decision making. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020222469.

Efficacy of Exercise on Muscle Function and Physical Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of exercise interventions on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Randomized controlled studies assessing exercise effects on sarcopenia were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, EMBASE, and VIP and CNKI up to 31 March 2022. Data were expressed as weighted/standardized mean difference (MD/SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. The initial search identified 5379 studies, and 23 studies involving 1252 participants met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. Results revealed that exercise interventions can significantly improve grip strength (MD = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.33–3.43), knee extension strength (SMD = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.36–0.64), muscle mass of lower extremities (MD = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.01–0.56), walking speed (SMD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.49–1.27), and functional mobility (MD = −1.77, 95%CI = −2.11–−1.42) among older adults with sarcopenia. No significant exercise effects were found on fat-free muscle mass, appendicular muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle mass of the upper extremities. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that both resistance training and multicomponent exercise could significantly increase the muscle strength, while aerobic exercise did not. The findings suggest that exercise intervention can effectively improve muscle function and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, but has limited effects on the muscle mass of the upper extremities. In addition, it is highly recommended to apply group-based and supervised resistance training and multicomponent exercise in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia among the older population.