Significant Differences In Event-related Potentials Research Articles

視認する単純な画像の形と色を反映する脳波信号特徴量とその判別の研究

In this study, as a basic investigation for EEG-based visual image reconstruction, we investigated whether EEG signal features reflect shapes and colors of simple visual images which subjects viewed and whether the features can be discriminated. First, we investigated how the shapes and the colors are reflected in event-related potentials (ERP), the event-related spectrum perturbations (ERSP), and the inter-trial phase synchronization (ITC). The results showed statistically significant differences in ERP among the colors and ERP, ERSP and ITC among the shapes depending on time periods, frequency bands and electrodes. Second, based on the results, we explored learnable input data sets. Then, learnability for discriminating the shapes were shown in EEG waveforms on 100ms time periods in single trials at all channels and phase of time frequency analysis on the limited time-frequency domain and electrodes. Finally, we investigated whether two discriminators using LSTM and CNN discriminate the shapes from the learnable data for each subject. Then, it was found that accuracies of discrimination of the shapes were over a chance level with all the learnable data sets, subjects, and discriminators. We concluded that the distinct shapes can be discriminated from EEG signals by exploring appropriate features of input signals for discriminators.

Neurophysiological correlates of memory change in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders treated with choline.

BackgroundPrenatal and early postnatal choline supplementation reduces cognitive and behavioral deficits in animal models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In a previously published 9-month clinical trial of choline supplementation in children with FASD, we reported that postnatal choline was associated with improved performance on a hippocampal-dependent recognition memory task. The current paper describes the neurophysiological correlates of that memory performance for trial completers.MethodsChildren with FASD (N = 24) who were enrolled in a clinical trial of choline supplementation were followed for 9 months. Delayed recall on a 9-step elicited imitation task (EI) served as the behavioral measure of recognition memory. Neurophysiological correlates of memory were assessed via event-related potentials (ERP).ResultsDelayed recall on EI was correlated with two ERP components commonly associated with recognition memory in young children: middle latency negative component (Nc amplitude; range: r = −0.41 to r = −0.44) and positive slow wave (PSW area under the curve; range: r = −0.45 to r = −0.63). No significant ERP differences were observed between the choline and placebo groups at the conclusion of the trial.ConclusionAlthough the small sample size limits the ability to draw clear conclusions about the treatment effect of choline on ERP, the results suggest a relationship between memory performance and underlying neurophysiological status in FASD. This trial was registered.1

Investigating Age-Related Neural Compensation During Emotion Perception Using Electroencephalography.

Previous research suggests declines in emotion perception in older as compared to younger adults, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we address this by investigating how “face-age” and “face emotion intensity” affect both younger and older participants’ behavioural and neural responses using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixteen young and fifteen older adults viewed and judged the emotion type of facial images with old or young face-age and with high- or low- emotion intensities while EEG was recorded. The ERP results revealed that young and older participants exhibited significant ERP differences in two neural clusters: the left frontal and centromedial regions (100–200 ms stimulus onset) and frontal region (250–900 ms) when perceiving neutral faces. Older participants also exhibited significantly higher ERPs within these two neural clusters during anger and happiness emotion perceptual tasks. However, while this pattern of activity supported neutral emotion processing, it was not sufficient to support the effective processing of facial expressions of anger and happiness as older adults showed reductions in performance when perceiving these emotions. These age-related changes are consistent with theoretical models of age-related changes in neurocognitive abilities and may reflect a general age-related cognitive neural compensation in older adults, rather than a specific emotion-processing neural compensation.

Correlation analysis about cranial magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram abnormalities and event-related potentials in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective: To investigate and evaluate the correlation between event-related potentials, cranial magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram on cognitive function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: According to the exclusion criteria, 60 adult temporal lobe epilepsy patients (24 males and 36 females, 34±13 years old of average age) were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from March 2017 to September 2018. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 24 h video electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were detected in all patients, comparing the latency of N1, P2, N2, P3 waves and the amplitude of P3 waves. Results: The mean latency of the waves of N1, P2, N2 and P3 and the mean amplitude of P3 wave were (108±25), (182±30), (256±33), (367±40) ms and (6.4±5.8) μV. There were significant differences in ERPs (latency of N1 wave, N2 wave and P3 wave) between the MRI abnormal group and the normal group (all P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the ERPs (P3 wave latency) between EEG examination found epileptiform or paroxysmal slow waves release group and the patients with EEG normality in the past 1 year (P<0.05) and the EEG test results were positively correlated with the latency of P2, N2 and P3 waves in ERPs, and negatively correlated with the amplitude of P3 waves (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with cognitive dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy are more likely to have abnormal MRI and EEG in the head. Both of them show different effects on the cognitive process of patients in ERPs.

The Functional Role of Individual-Alpha Based Frontal Asymmetry in the Evaluation of Emotional Pictures: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials.

The perceptual processing of emotional stimuli is subject to the regulation of brain function. This study investigated whether frontal electroencephalography (EEG) alpha asymmetry at resting conditions predicted the evaluation of emotional picture stimuli by event-related potentials (ERPs). In this study, participants first completed a 2-min resting task, and then passively viewed emotional pictures. The results showed that left active individuals had smaller frontal EEG alpha asymmetry scores to negative pictures than to positive and neutral pictures, whereas right active individuals had similar frontal EEG alpha asymmetry scores to negative, positive, and neutral pictures. Furthermore, the study showed a larger P300 to negative pictures than to positive and neutral pictures for left active individuals; however, there were no significant ERP differences to negative, positive, and neutral pictures for right active individuals. These findings suggest that frontal EEG alpha asymmetry at resting conditions can reflect interindividual differences in emotional perception tendencies to emotional picture stimuli.

Gamma-band neural synchrony due to autobiographical fact violation in a self-referential question

Our purpose was to investigate the cortical information processing of autobiographical fact violation (AFV) in self-referential questions. We expected that AFV in a self-referential question would evoke a characteristic pattern of neural synchrony and event-related potentials (ERPs). Averaged ERP and event-related synchronization in the gamma band were analyzed to observe differences between the processing of questions with and without AFV. Significant differences in ERP were found in the posterior area at 290–435ms (N400) and in the frontal area at 520–800ms (late positive component, LPC). Interestingly, differentiation of the gamma-band synchrony was found in two temporal periods, (255–365 and 525–585ms), which are comparable to the periods of significant ERP differences. The two periods are interpreted to be devoted to the processing of semantic and self-referential information, respectively. These findings may imply that the decision-making involved in answering self-referential questions is enabled by the integration of semantic and autobiographical information processing.

Influence of sex on P300: an event-related potential electrophysiological study.

The primary objective of this study was to further characterize the role of sex, if any, in event-related potentials (ERPs). More specifically, we aimed to investigate sex sensitivity with respect to the P300 ERP. Each female and male study participant underwent an oddball paradigm electroencephalography ERP session. ERP data were subjected to preprocessing and postprocessing, as well as statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that men had larger P300 amplitudes on average for both low-probability and high-probability stimuli compared with women (P<0.001). Men also showed shorter P300 latencies on average than did women (P<0.001). Significant differences in ERPs between men and women were observed in this study. The results indicate the existence of sex sensitivity to the P300 ERP, which may be because of men eliciting higher response inhibition compared with women.

Temporal Dynamics of the Integration of Intention and Outcome in Harmful and Helpful Moral Judgment.

The ability to integrate the moral intention information with the outcome of an action plays a crucial role in mature moral judgment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies implicated that both prefrontal and temporo-parietal cortices are involved in moral intention and outcome processing. Here, we used the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to investigate the temporal dynamics of the processing of the integration between intention and outcome information in harmful and helpful moral judgment. In two experiments, participants were asked to make moral judgments for agents who produced either negative/neutral outcomes with harmful/neutral intentions (harmful judgment) or positive/neutral outcomes with helpful/neutral intentions (helpful judgment). Significant ERP differences between attempted and successful actions over prefrontal and bilateral temporo-parietal regions were found in both harmful and helpful moral judgment, which suggest a possible time course of the integration processing in the brain, starting from the right temporo-parietal area (N180) to the left temporo-parietal area (N250), then the prefrontal area (FSW) and the right temporo-parietal area (TP450 and TPSW) again. These results highlighted the fast moral intuition reaction and the late integration processing over the right temporo-parietal area.

Effects of cannabis use on event related potentials in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis and healthy controls

Cannabis use has consistently been associated with psychotic symptoms as well as cognitive impairments. Moreover, its use may provoke subclinical psychotic symptoms and is associated with neuropsychological dysfunctions in subjects at ultra high risk (UHR) for developing psychosis. However, to our knowledge, no data are yet available on the relationship between cannabis use, UHR symptoms and information processing as assessed with event related potentials (ERP) in UHR subjects. This cross-sectional study therefore aimed to investigate N100, N200, P200 and P300 ERP components in 48 UHR subjects (19 cannabis users; UHR+C) and 50 healthy controls (21 cannabis users; HC+C). Results showed smaller P300 amplitudes in HC+C and UHR subjects compared to HC−C. Moreover, HC+C showed prolonged P300 and N200 latencies compared to HC−C and UHR−C. No significant ERP differences were found between UHR+C and UHR−C. Regarding the relationship between information processing and psychopathology, we found associations between ERP components and severity of UHR symptoms, findings being most pronounced for N100 latencies and P300 amplitudes and severity of general psychopathology and positive symptoms. We conclude that UHR subjects and healthy cannabis users demonstrate similar P300 amplitude reductions compared to non-using control subjects. In addition, the interrelation of cannabis use with prolonged ERP latencies may signify reduced information processing speed associated with cannabis use. Finally, our findings cautiously support the hypothesis that the clinical phenomena of the UHR state may be associated with abnormalities in stimulus processing.

A cross-species simon-task: comparing conflict and error processing in rats and humans

Event Abstract Back to Event A cross-species simon-task: comparing conflict and error processing in rats and humans Christine Marx1*, Heike Endepols1, Rudolf Graf1 and Markus Ullsperger2 1 Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Germany 2 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Netherlands The Simon task, an interference task characterized by increased reaction times and error rates when task-irrelevant stimulus location and requested response are incongruent, is commonly used to study performance monitoring. The Simon interference effect has been described across several species, e.g. in pigeons, rats, monkeys and humans. Here we used an adapted auditory Simon task to investigate electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring from a cross-species point of view. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 9 male rats, using 6 stainless steel depth electrodes, and additionally EEG from 19 male right-handed humans while performing the Simon task. Averaged LFPs from rat ACC were compared to human scalp event-related potentials (ERPs). Reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) was measured to assign ERP components to different time points of conflict processing. Furthermore, both species performed 3 subtasks with different relative frequencies of conflict trials (20%, 50%, 80%) and one with 60% trials without spatial dimension, 20% conflict and 20% non-conflict trials, to assess adaptation effects. On the one hand, both species seem to pursue similar response strategies, as both display a Simon effect in both RT and MT, but on the other hand they show different adaptation to varying conflict frequency. Additionally, both species demonstrate significant ERP differences between correct and incorrect responses starting at the time of response and prior to reward/no reward, suggesting that ACC is similarly involved in performance monitoring in both humans and rats. In conclusion, our study contributes to integrative, cross-species research and provides a useful rodent model for performance monitoring research. Keywords: cognitive control, EEG Conference: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI), Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 25 Sep - 29 Sep, 2011. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Sessions: Performance Monitoring and Cognitive Control Citation: Marx C, Endepols H, Graf R and Ullsperger M (2011). A cross-species simon-task: comparing conflict and error processing in rats and humans. Conference Abstract: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2011.207.00252 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 21 Nov 2011; Published Online: 28 Nov 2011. * Correspondence: Ms. Christine Marx, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany, christine.marx@nf.mpg.de Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Christine Marx Heike Endepols Rudolf Graf Markus Ullsperger Google Christine Marx Heike Endepols Rudolf Graf Markus Ullsperger Google Scholar Christine Marx Heike Endepols Rudolf Graf Markus Ullsperger PubMed Christine Marx Heike Endepols Rudolf Graf Markus Ullsperger Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Are Females More Responsive to Emotional Stimuli? A Neurophysiological Study Across Arousal and Valence Dimensions

Men and women seem to process emotions and react to them differently. Yet, few neurophysiological studies have systematically investigated gender differences in emotional processing. Here, we studied gender differences using Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) recorded from participants who passively viewed emotional pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The arousal and valence dimension of the stimuli were manipulated orthogonally. The peak amplitude and peak latency of ERP components and SCR were analyzed separately, and the scalp topographies of significant ERP differences were documented. Females responded with enhanced negative components (N100 and N200), in comparison to males, especially to the unpleasant visual stimuli, whereas both genders responded faster to high arousing or unpleasant stimuli. Scalp topographies revealed more pronounced gender differences on central and left hemisphere areas. Our results suggest a difference in the way emotional stimuli are processed by genders: unpleasant and high arousing stimuli evoke greater ERP amplitudes in women relatively to men. It also seems that unpleasant or high arousing stimuli are temporally prioritized during visual processing by both genders.

Neural correlates of affective picture processing — A depth ERP study

Using functional neuroimaging techniques (PET and fMRI), various cortical, limbic, and paralimbic structures have been identified in the last decade as neural substrates of human emotion. In this study we used a novel approach (intracerebral recordings of event-related potentials) to add to our knowledge of specific brain regions involved in affective picture processing. Ten intractable epileptic patients undergoing pre-surgical depth electrode recording viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures and intracerebral event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. A total of 752 cortical and subcortical sites were investigated. Significant differences in ERPs to unpleasant as compared to neutral or pleasant pictures were frequently and consistently observed in recordings from various brain areas – the mesial temporal cortex (the amygdala, the hippocampus, the temporal pole), the lateral temporal cortex, the mesial prefrontal cortex (ACC and the medial frontal gyrus), and the lateral prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, the mean latencies of responses to emotional stimuli were somewhat shorter in the frontal lobe structures (with evidently earlier activation within lateral prefrontal areas when compared to mesial prefrontal cortex) and longer in the temporal lobe regions. These differences, however, were not significant. Additional clearly positive findings were observed in some rarely investigated regions – in the posterior parietal cortex, the precuneus, and the insula. An approximately equivalent number of positive findings was revealed in the left and right hemisphere structures. These results are in agreement with a multisystem model of human emotion, distributed far beyond the typical limbic system and substantially comprising lateral aspects of both frontal lobes as well.

Event-related potential index of semantic mnemonic dysfunction in abstinent alcoholics

Background: The objective of the study was to expand the investigation of the match/mismatch mnemonic impairment in the semantic domain in sober alcoholics. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 28 healthy adults and 36 sober alcoholics in a category (either animals or fruits/vegetables) match/nonmatch S1–S2 paradigm. Results: There was a significant interaction of ERP amplitude (c3) between groups (controls vs. alcoholics) and stimulus conditions (category match vs. nonmatch) at the posterior brain regions; the c3 component was smaller for the category match than for nonmatch trials in controls, with the absence of such c3 differences in alcoholics. There were no significant ERP differences between the two groups in processing the sample stimuli. The ERPs (c2) elicited by the animal category were larger than those for the vegetable category in both groups. The alcoholics showed prominent suppressed activation of left temporo-occipital brain regions under both matching and nonmatching conditions, as demonstrated by the current source density maps. The alcoholics were also slower and less accurate than the controls in judging both category matching and nonmatching stimuli, while neither of the two groups demonstrated shorter response times to the matching stimuli. Conclusions: These data suggest that alcoholics are less efficient in the semantic mnemonic match/nonmatch process, and are less likely to be deteriorated in the stage of forming the template for such match/nonmatch comparisons.

Brain/behaviour dissociation on old/new distinction in a patient with amnesic syndrome

Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded in a recognition memory task in 5 healthy subjects and an amnesic patient. A list of high-imagery words with low probability in everyday language was presented visually for 200 ms each. A second list, consisting of 50% previously presented (`old') words and 50% `new' words was presented immediately after the first list. Old/new distinction was determined by the subject's motor response. For each subject single trial analysis of ERPs was performed. In each healthy subjects, correct old/new distinction was associated with significant ERP differences from 500 to 900 ms after stimulus onset. It was, therefore, assumed that task and recording procedures were appropriate for the study of ERPs with recognition memory. The main finding is a dissociation between brain activity and behaviour with old/new distinction in the patient with amnesic syndrome. Frequently, the patient incorrectly classified previously shown words (`old' words) to be presented for the first time (`new'). But ERP showed that brain processing of `old' words which had incorrectly been classified to be `new' is different from correctly classified new words. ERP differences were significant between 900 and 1200 ms after stimulus presentation. These data indicate preserved memory functions which are not assessed at the behavioural level in the memory recognition task.

Brain Responses to Detection of Right or Left Somatic Targets are Symmetrical in Unilateral Parkinson's Disease: A Case Against the Concept of ‘Parkinsonian Neglect’

Signs of attentional dysfunction mimicking spatial neglect have been described both in humans with lateralised Parkinson's Disease (PD) and in animals with MPTP-related hemiparkinsonism. Such deficits have been attributed to dopamine loss in basal ganglia and cortical targets. However, in previous studies the existence of neglect was assumed from behavioural tests which needed a motor output, thus entailing interpretation ambiguities due to effects of directional hypokinesia. We recorded brain event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by the presentation of target somatic stimuli to the affected and non-affected sides in 44 patients with unilateral or asymmetrical PD. The N2 and P3 ERP components were specifically analysed, since (a) they are triggered selectively by task-relevant, attended sensory stimuli; (b) their latency reflects stimulus evaluation time, independently from the execution of a motor response, and (c) they have proved to be abnormal in hemineglect syndromes due to focal brain lesions. Irrespective of the side (left or right) of motor symptom predominance there were no significant ERP differences to stimulation of the affected and non-affected limbs, nor was there any correlation between ERP latencies and the degree of dopaminerelated motor impairment. The P3 latency was abnormally delayed in 23% of the patients, but there was no trend for abnormalities to concentrate on the affected side. This study does not confirm the existence of a significant attentional impairment toward the affected limb in lateralised PD, and suggests that previous clinical evidence of ‘neglect’ behaviour in PD might be linked to directional hypokinesia, thus reflecting intentional, rather than attentional lateralised deficits.