Significant Effect Research Articles

Analisis Pengangguran Terdidik di Indonesia

This study aims to determine and analyze Educated Unemployment in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data from 2013 to 2022 with a sample of 33 provinces in Indonesia obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Investment Coordinating Board (BPKM). This study uses panel data regression analysis with the best model chosen is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results found that: (1) Provincial Minimum Wage has a positive and significant effect on the number of educated unemployed in Indonesia, (2) Economic Growth has a negative and signific ant effect on the number of educated unemployed in Indonesia, (3) Foreign Direct Investment has a negative and insignificant effect on the number of educated unemployed in Indonesia and (4) Covid-19 Dummy Variable shows that during Covid-19 the increase in the number of educated unemployed in Indonesia is not significant compared to before Covid-19 occured. Based on the research, it is recommended for the government to protect labor by setting a minimum wage without ignoring the company's ability and the government is expected to create a labor-intensive investment climate.

Factors related to preoperative anxiety in older patients with sensory impairment: A cross-sectional study.

To identify the factors related to preoperative anxiety in older adults with sensory impairment. Descriptive quantitative research design. Study participants were 120 older adults admitted to a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea to undergo eye or ear surgery. Data were collected from 11 February to 30 April 2023. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 28.0. The study was reported following the STROBE checklist. Preoperative anxiety differed significantly according to gender (p = .002), average monthly household income (p < .001), subjective health status (p = .003), subjective vision loss (p = .004), one-sided or both-sided eye discomfort (p = .002), use of glasses (p = .010), subjective hearing loss (p = .022) and anxiety coping mechanisms (p < .001). The results of a multiple regression analysis on the significant variables identified that gender (β = .178, p = .036) and anxiety coping mechanisms (β = .336, p < .001) had the most significant effect on preoperative anxiety, with an explanatory power of 34.5%. The development and practical application of tailored nursing interventions catering to specific genders and anxiety coping mechanisms would contribute to reducing preoperative anxiety and providing efficient nursing care for older adults with sensory impairment.

Evaluation of the Mechanism of Yishan Formula in Treating Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.

Yishan formula (YSF) has a significant effect on the treatment of breast cancer, which can improve the quality of life and prolong the survival of patients with breast cancer; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking methods have been used to explore the potential pharmacological effects of the YSF, and the predicted targets have been validated by in vitro experiments. Active components and targets of the YSF were obtained from the TCMSP and Swiss target prediction website. Four databases, namely GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, and DisGeNET, were used to search for disease targets. The Cytoscape v3.9.0 software was utilized to draw the network of drug-component-target and selected core targets. DAVID database was used to analyze the biological functions and pathways of key targets. Finally, molecular docking and in vitro experiments have been used to verify the hub genes. Through data collection from the database, 157 active components and 618 genes implicated in breast cancer were obtained and treated using the YSF. After screening, the main active components (kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, dinatin, luteolin, and tamarixetin) and key genes (AKT1, TP53, TNF, IL6, EGFR, SRC, VEGFA, STAT3, MAPK3, and JUN) were obtained. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that the YSF could affect the progression of breast cancer by regulating biological processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis, protein phosphorylation, as well as PI3K-Akt, Rap1, MAPK, FOXO, HIF-1, and other related signaling pathways. Molecular docking suggested that IL6 with isorhamnetin, MAPK3 with kaempferol, and EGFR with luteolin have strong binding energy. The experiment further verified that YSF can control the development of breast cancer by inhibiting the expression of the hub genes. This study showed that resistance to breast cancer may be achieved by the synergy of multiple active components, target genes, and signal pathways, which can provide new avenues for breast cancer-targeted therapy.

T Lymphocyte Interferon-gamma Response to Anaplasmataceae-related Major Surface Proteins and Ankyrin A in Fibromyalgia.

The aetiology of fibromyalgia is unknown; its symptoms may be related to a T-lymphocyte-mediated response to infectious organisms. First, to test the hypothesis that fibromyalgia is associated with increased interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting T-lymphocytes after stimulation with Anaplasmataceae-related major surface proteins (MSPs) and the macromolecular translocation type IV secretion system effector ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein A (AnkA). Second, to ascertain the relationship in fibromyalgia between (i) the IFN-γ-secreting T-lymphocyte response to stimulation with Anaplasmataceae-related MSPs and AnkA, and (ii) co-infection by Borrelia and Yersinia spp., and antinuclear antibodies. Using a case-control design, patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for fibromyalgia, and controls, underwent the following blinded assessments: (i) enzyme- linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot) IFN-γ release assay of T-lymphocyte reactivity to Anaplasmataceae-related MSPs and AnkA; (ii) ELISpot IFN-γ release assays of T-lymphocyte reactivity to three Borrelia antigens, namely Borrelia burgdorferi full antigen (B31); peptide mix (from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii); and Borrelia burgdorferi lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; (iii) immunoglobulin (Ig) A assay by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of antibodies to Yersinia spp.; (iv) IgG (ELISA) antibodies to Yersinia spp.; (v) serum antinuclear antibodies (immunofluorescence). The groups were age- and sex-matched. The mean (standard error) value of IFN-γ release for the fibromyalgia group was 1.52 (0.26), compared with 1.00 (0.22) for the controls. Generalised linear modelling (p<0.001) of IFN-γ release in the fibromyalgia patients showed significant main effects of all three indices of Borrelia infection and of antinuclear antibodies. Anaplasmataceae may play an aetiological role in fibromyalgia.

Cholecalciferol Exhibits no Antibacterial Effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: an in-vitro Study.

The pleiotropic effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) has gained significant momentum and has been explored widely. The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of cholecalciferol against S. aureus and E. coli. An in-vitro study was performed for the antimicrobial effect of cholecalciferol against S. aureus and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined following the broth microdilution method. The MIC value of cholecalciferol against both S. aureus and E. coli was 0.312 mg/ml, and the MBC for both organisms was 1.25 mg/ml. However, we also observed a significant antimicrobial effect in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control at 12.5% (v/v). Therefore, the observed antimicrobial effect may be attributed to DMSO, indicating cholecalciferol does not directly inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. This study indicates that cholecalciferol does not directly inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. Hence, we suggest exploring the antibacterial properties of other vitamin D analogs, such as calcitriol or its synergetic effect with other antimicrobial agents.

Semantic feature salience matters: new values of significance and relative weight for the Spanish feature norms for young and older adults

Abstract To determine the semantic importance of certain features has been a topic of interest for many semantic memory models. Diverse measures have been proposed in the last years. Semantic significance, the latest measure proposed by Montefinese and colleagues, is both sophisticated and comprehensive. Given the cultural and linguistic variability of semantic measures, this study presents values of significance and relative weight for the Spanish-speaking population corresponding to 400 concrete concepts. First, we presented data for both young and older adults. Second, we assessed the effect of significance on response times in two speeded feature verification tasks. Third, we compared significance values with the existing Italian significance norms. To evaluate the effect of significance to predict response times, two speeded verification tasks (Experiment 1 and 2) were carried out, selecting a total of a 130 concepts for analysis. In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with a feature followed by a concept, while in Experiment 2, the order of stimulus presentation was reversed (i.e., the concept was presented before the feature). An independent linear mixed model showed that significance was a good predictor of response latencies in Experiments 1 and 2. Moreover, results revealed a strong positive correlation between the Spanish and Italian significance values. Findings are discussed in terms of recent theories of semantic cognition.

Murraya koenigii (Curry Tree): A review of its Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicinal uses, and Pharmacology with Respect to Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract: Medicinal plants have significant therapeutic value and are a gift to humanity in pursuing healthy living. The discovery of numerous rejuvenating compounds that can stop or reduce the pathology of many diseases will be a crucial advancement in the coming years. Synthetic compounds can cause health issues and side effects, necessitating the development of molecules derived from plants and other natural resources as viable substitutes for synthetic compounds. Several plant phytochemicals and extracts have been found to have significant effects on traditional medical therapy. Murraya koenigii (M. Koenigii) is a member of the Rutaceae family, well-known in the Ayurvedic system of medicine as a therapeutically important herb of Indian origin. M. Koenigii has been used in several ancient systems of medicine, including Siddha and Unani, as a multi-potential medicinal plant. Previous research has shown that this plant's bark, roots, and leaves are abundant sources of carbazole alkaloids, which have beneficial pharmacological and biological effects. These include antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antifungal, antiprotozoal, hepatoprotective, antihypercholesterolemic, antiulcer, cytotoxic, antidiarrheal, phagocytic, neuroprotective, and antitumor activities. The key components of the M. koenigii plant and their pharmacological activities against various diseases using preclinical models are discussed in this review. Exhaustive studies on the molecular mechanism of action of M. koenigii are needed to validate the effectiveness of curry tree and their constituents as potent therapeutic agents. However, serious efforts are required to identify, isolate and evaluate the chemical components for nutritional and medicinal potentials.

Non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins: The underappreciated risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, is a main risk factor causing about 20 million deaths each year worldwide. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is recognized as the most important and independent risk factor in initiating and promoting atherosclerosis. Numerous antioxidants are extensively used in clinical practice, but they have no significant effect on reducing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This finding suggests that researchers should pay more attention to the important role of non-oxidative modified low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis with a focus on oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This review briefly summarizes several important non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins associated with atherosclerosis, introduces the pathways through which these non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins induce the development of atherosclerosis in vivo, and discusses the mechanism of atherogenesis induced by these non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins. New therapeutic strategies and potential drug targets are provided for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

In vitro and in vivo antineoplastic activities of solamargine in colorectal cancer through the suppression of PI3K/AKT pathway.

Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of SM in inhibiting tumor growth in various cancer types. The objective of this study was to examine the antineoplastic effects and molecular mechanisms of Solamargine (SM) in colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were treated with different concentrations of SM to evaluate the anticancer concentration for further experimental measurements. Additionally, the antitumor efficacy of SM was assessed in a subcutaneously implanted tumor model of colorectal cancer. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in LoVo cells. Subsequently, the specific mechanism of SM-mediated anti-tumor activities was analyzed by protein expression methods. The results of in vitro assays demonstrated that SM exhibits significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, clone formation, and invasion, while also promoting apoptosis in SW48 and LoVo cells. In a mouse xenograft tumor model, intragastric administration of SM at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg effectively suppressed tumor volume and weight, and induced cell apoptosis in vivo. SM treatment also down-regulated PCNA and Cyclin E protein expression, contributing to the regulation of apoptosis. Further analysis using RNA-seq, bioinformatics, and experimental measurements revealed that SM treatment upregulates PTEN expression, while significantly reducing the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR in LoVo cells. Our study provides further evidence to support the notion that SM primarily induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, our investigation demonstrated the favorable safety profile of SM in a mouse model of colorectal cancer, thereby suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of CRC.

Chitosan Oligosaccharide Modified Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Naringenin.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the research and development of nano-drugs have become one of the development directions of drug innovation. The encapsulation of the nanoparticles can change the biological distribution of the drug in vivo and improve the bioavailability of the drug in vivo. Naringenin is poorly soluble in water and has a low bioavailability, thus limiting its clinical application. The main purpose of this study was to develop a nano-sized preparation that could improve the oral bioavailability of naringenin. Chitosan oligosaccharide modified naringenin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-COS@Nar NPs) were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation and electrostatic interaction. The nanoparticles were characterized by HPLC, laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. The release in vitro was investigated, and the behavior of nanoparticles in rats was also studied. The caco-2 cell model was established in vitro to investigate the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of nanoparticles. BSA-COS@Nar NPs were successfully prepared, and the first-order release model was confirmed in vitro release. In vivo pharmacokinetic results indicated that the area under the drug concentration- time curve (AUC) of BSA-COS@Nar NPs was 2.37 times more than free naringenin. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake results showed that BSA-COS@Nar NPs had no significant cytotoxic effect on Caco- 2 cells and promoted cellular uptake of the drug. BSA-COS@Nar NPs could improve the in vivo bioavailability of naringenin.

Sex-Dependent Synergism of an Edible THC: CBD Formulation in Reducing Anxiety and Depressive-like Symptoms Following Chronic Stress.

Cannabis has shown therapeutic potential in mood and anxiety-related pathologies. However, the two primary constituents of cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) produce distinct effects on molecular pathways in neural circuits associated with affective disorders. Moreover, it has been proposed that the combination of THC: and CBD may have unique synergistic properties. In the present study, the effects of a 1:100 THC: CBD ratio edible formulation were tested in behavioural, neuronal and molecular assays for anxiety and depressive-like endophenotypes. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were stressed for 14 days. Then, for three weeks, open field, elevated plus maze, light/dark box, social interaction, sucrose preference, and the forced swim test were performed 90 minutes after acute consumption of CBD (30 mg/kg), THC (0.3 mg/kg), or 1:100 combination of THC:CBD. After behavioural tests, in vivo, neuronal electrophysiological analyses were performed in the ventral tegmental area and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, western-blot experiments examined the expression of biomarkers associated with mood and anxiety disorders, including protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), BDNF, mTOR, D1, and D2 receptor in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and PFC.Edible THC:CBD produces significant anxiolytic and antidepressant effects only in stressed male rats. In most cases, the combination of THC and CBD had stronger effects than either phytochemical alone. These synergistic effects are associated with alterations in Akt/GSK3 and D2-R expression in NAc and BDNF expression in PFC. Furthermore, THC:CBD reverses chronic stress-induced alterations in PFC neuronal activity. These findings demonstrate a novel synergistic potential for THC:CBD edible formulations in stress-related pathologies.

A Study of the Effect of Beauty Consumer Sentiment after Covid-19 on Hair Salon Revisit Intention

Purpose: As social distancing continues due to the pandemic, research results show that psychologically exhausted people are willing to increase consumption despite their perception of safety due to compensation psychology. Following research results showing that the safety of beauty must be ensured due to Covid-19, it is being argued that the beauty industry, which was greatly affected by the economic downturn, should be revitalized as Covid-19 enters a phase of calming down again. Therefore, there is a need to verify what factors influence customers who visited hair salons before Covid-19 to revisit the salon. The purpose of this study is to present a positive impact as a way to stimulate the intention to revisit hair salons.&#x0D; Method: The data of this study was an online survey targeting men and women who had experience of using hair salons. we aim to analyze the effect of Beauty Consumer Sentiment after Covid-19 and its sub-factors on Hair salon Revisit Intention. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0, and first exploratory factor analysis was performed to analyze the validity of the measurement tool. Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed. Independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed.&#x0D; Results: Beauty Consumer Sentiment after Covid-19 had a significant positive effect on Hair salon Revisit Intention. Among the subfactors of Beauty Consumer Sentiment after Covid-19, Safety Expectations and Psychological Compensation did not have a significant positive influence on Hair Salon Revisit Intention. Among the subfactors of Beauty Consumer Sentiment after Covid-19, service expectation had a significant positive effect on Hair salon revisit intention.&#x0D; Conclusion: As Beauty consumer sentiment improves, repeat visits increase. Among consumer psychology, it was found that service expectation had a positive influence. This can be said to be a similar result to how service quality affects repeat visits. The reason why safety expectations have not had an impact after Covid-19 is because safety is fully recognized, so safety cannot be seen as leading to repeat visits. It can be said to be a differentiated study in that it yielded different results from existing studies on safety and compensation psychology. In future research, we hope to overcome the limitations of this study and to achieve objective and clear research results by diversifying the study in more detail by region and age.

A Study on the Effects of Socio-Cultural Pressure and Health Beliefs on Scalp and Hair Care Awareness and Behavior

Purpose: In modern society, with economic development and improvement of living standards, beauty is no longer solely aimed at physical appearance, but there is a lot of interest in scalp and hair care based on health. This study aims to investigate the influence of socio-cultural pressure and health beliefs on the perception of scalp and hair care.&#x0D; Method: In modern society, with economic development and improvement of living standards, beauty is no longer solely aimed at physical appearance, but there is a lot of interest in scalp and hair care based on health . This study aims to investigate the influence of socio-cultural pressure and health beliefs on the perception of scalp and hair care.&#x0D; Results: Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the variables. All the variables showed a significant positive correlation with each other. Next, multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of scalp and hair sociocultural pressure and health beliefs on perception and behavior of scalp and hair care, and it was found that sociocultural pressure from acquaintances, sociocultural pressure from media, intention to use, and maintenance had a significant positive effect on Perception and Behavior of scalp and hair care. Maintenance (β=.403, p&lt;.001), sociocultural pressure from acquaintances (β=.246, p&lt;.001), sociocultural pressure from the media (β=.240, p&lt;.001), and intention to use (β=.129, p&lt;.05) were found to affect perception and behavior of scalp and hair care.&#x0D; Conclusion: In order to improve 'Perception and Behavior of Scalp and Hair Care', it can be interpreted that it is necessary to pay attention not only to scalp and hair health beliefs but also to socio-cultural pressures. It can be said that this study proves that idealized appearances in the media and relationships can influence not only behaviors such as dieting, but also individuals' perceptions and actual behaviors regarding scalp and hair.

Group-common and individual-specific effects of structure-function coupling in human brain networks with graph neural networks.

The human cerebral cortex is organized into functionally segregated but synchronized regions bridged by the structural connectivity of white matter pathways. While structure-function coupling has been implicated in cognitive development and neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains unclear to what extent the structure-function coupling reflects a group-common characteristic or varies across individuals, at both the global and regional brain levels. By leveraging two independent, high-quality datasets, we found that the graph neural network accurately predicted unseen individuals' functional connectivity from structural connectivity, reflecting a strong structure-function coupling. This coupling was primarily driven by network topology and was substantially stronger than that of the correlation approaches. Moreover, we observed that structure-function coupling was dominated by group-common effects, with subtle yet significant individual-specific effects. The regional group and individual effects of coupling were hierarchically organized across the cortex along a sensorimotor-association axis, with lower group and higher individual effects in association cortices. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both group and individual effects in understanding cortical structure-function coupling, suggesting insights into interpreting individual differences of the coupling and informing connectivity-guided therapeutics.

In total knee arthroplasty surgeries, what is the effective dose of intra-articular tranexamic acid?

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of intra-articular (IA) tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood loss in total knee arthroplasty surgeries and compare it to the control group. A total of 160 patients who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty surgery at Edirne State Hospital between 2016 and 2020 were divided into four groups. The estimated blood loss and amount of blood loss from drainage, as well as transfusion rates, were compared between the groups based on surgical pre- and post-operative blood parameters to evaluate the dose effectiveness. In our study, all TXA groups significantly reduced the estimated blood loss and amount of blood loss from drainage compared to the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the group receiving 1 g of TXA in terms of transfusion rates (p = 0.062), and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups receiving 2 g and 3 g of TXA. The use of 2 g of IA TXA is an effective dose for controlling blood loss in total knee arthroplasty surgeries. Lower doses do not have a significant effect on transfusion rates, whereas higher doses do not significantly increase effectiveness.

Inflation’s Reduction of the Real Minimum Wage and Unemployment in the USA: 1987 to 2021

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;"&gt;Hundreds of articles have been written that include empirical estimates of the dis-employment effects of minimum wages; however, many of these articles find statistically insignificant effects, some find significant negative effects, and a few find significant positive effects. Most of these studies use multivariate analyses which can be criticized for omitting key variables. The omitted variables problem ruins all statistics and estimates. This paper uses reiterative truncated projected least squares (RTPLS), a solution to the omitted variables problem, to estimate the percentage increase in unemployment due to a one percent increase in the real minimum wage using monthly data for the 50 states of the USA from 1987 to 2021. RTPLS produces a separate elasticity for every observation where differences in these estimates are due to omitted variables. We argue that RTPLS solves most of the econometric problems that David Neumark identified in his keynote address at a minimum wage conference in Berlin in 2018. We find that the percentage change in the unemployment rate due to a one percent change in the minimum wage ranges between 1.156 and 3.389, that the elasticities for different states tend to move together over time, and that all these elasticities are statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A Statistical Framework for Analysis of Trial-Level Temporal Dynamics in Fiber Photometry Experiments.

Fiber photometry has become a popular technique to measure neural activity in vivo, but common analysis strategies can reduce detection of effects because they condense within-trial signals into summary measures, and discard trial-level information by averaging across-trials. We propose a novel photometry statistical framework based on functional linear mixed modeling, which enables hypothesis testing of variable effects at every trial time-point, and uses trial-level signals without averaging. This makes it possible to compare the timing and magnitude of signals across conditions while accounting for between-animal differences. Our framework produces a series of plots that illustrate covariate effect estimates and statistical significance at each trial time-point. By exploiting signal autocorrelation, our methodology yields joint 95% confidence intervals that account for inspecting effects across the entire trial and improve the detection of event-related signal changes over common multiple comparisons correction strategies. We reanalyze data from a recent study proposing a theory for the role of mesolimbic dopamine in reward learning, and show the capability of our framework to reveal significant effects obscured by standard analysis approaches. For example, our method identifies two dopamine components with distinct temporal dynamics in response to reward delivery. In simulation experiments, our methodology yields improved statistical power over common analysis approaches. Finally, we provide an open-source package and analysis guide for applying our framework.

Research Mechanism and Progress of the Natural Compound Curcumin in Treating Alzheimer´s Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. AD patients usually present symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction, progressive memory loss, and other manifestations. With the increasing number of AD cases worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop effective drug treatments. Currently, drugs targeting AD symptoms may not change or prevent the progression of the disease. Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from the turmeric herb, has been used for the treatment of AD. In this review, we summarized both cellular and animal studies and described the mechanism of action of curcumin in altering the pathological features of AD. Curcumin attenuates the formation of amyloid-β plaques and promotes its decomposition, reduces the phosphorylation of tau, improves its clearance rate, and binds with copper to reduce cholesterol. It changes the activity of microglia, suppresses acetylcholinesterase, regulates insulin signal transduction, and exhibits antioxidant properties. Studies have found that curcumin can promote nerve repair and has a significant effect on AD. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin may hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. If this limitation can be overcome, curcumin may emerge as a promising drug for the treatment of AD.

A Critical Assessment of Remdesivir

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic that originated in Wuhan city, China, has affected every village in India. This has killed millions of people. This disease involves symptomatic and asymptomatic mutations. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of remdesivir particularly against SAR-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae family). The relevant works have been studied with respect to the drug's chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical data, and side effects. Remdesivir has been used in many cases of coronavirus-infected patients because it has been proven to possess beneficial effects; however, significant adverse effects have also been reported. Remdesivir has been reported to help in lowering the disease's high fatality rate. However, the WHO has warned against using the medicine because there is no clinical data to support its therapeutic efficacy.

Endoscopic Glue Injection Versus Endoscopic Human Thrombin Injection for Bleeding Gastric Varices-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Acute gastric variceal bleeding (AGVB) is a potentially fatal consequence of portal hypertension, accounting for 10% to 30% of all variceal bleeding. Although endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection is a common treatment for acute hemostasis, it has been linked to significant side effects. In the treatment of AGVB, there is limited evidence of the efficacy and relative safety of endoscopic human thrombin injection over glue injection. A total of 52 AGVB patients were randomized to receive either thrombin injection (25 patients) or glue injection (27 patients). The primary outcome was the incidence of any glue or thrombin injection-related post-therapy complications. Initial hemostasis, rebleeding, and mortality were all secondary end goals. Both groups had comparable baseline data. Hemostasis of active bleeding at endoscopy was 100.0% (10/10) in the thrombin group and 87.5% (7/8) in the glue group ( P =0.44). Treatment failure after 5 days occurred in 2 patients (6.1%) in the glue group compared with none in the thrombin group ( P =0.165). Between 6 and 42 days after index bleeding, rebleeding occurred in 4 patients in the thrombin group compared with 6 patients in the glue group ( P =0.728). In the thrombin group, none of the patients had post-treatment ulcers on gastric varices compared with 14.81% (4/27) that occurred in the glue group ( P =0.045), a statistically significant observation. Overall, complications occurred in 4 (20%) and 11 (40.7%) patients in the thrombin and glue groups, respectively ( P =0.105). Two patients in the glue group died. To achieve successful AGVB hemostasis, endoscopic thrombin injection has been proven efficacious. However, glue injection may be linked to a higher rate of rebleeding and post-therapy gastric variceal ulceration compared with thrombin.