Significant Effect Of Weight Research Articles

Validity of Wearable Sensors at the Shoulder Joint: Combining Wireless Electromyography Sensors and Inertial Measurement Units to Perform Physical Workplace Assessments.

Background: Workplace adaptation is the preferred method of intervention to diminish risk factors associated with the development of work-related shoulder disorders. However, the majority of the workplace assessments performed are subjective (e.g., questionnaires). Quantitative assessments are required to support workplace adaptations. The aims of this study are to assess the concurrent validity of inertial measurement units (IMUs; MVN, Xsens) in comparison to a motion capture system (Vicon) during lifting tasks, and establish the discriminative validity of a wireless electromyography (EMG) system for the evaluation of muscle activity. Methods: Sixteen participants performed 12 simple tasks (shoulder flexion, abduction, scaption) and 16 complex lifting tasks (lifting crates of different weights at different heights). A Delsys Trigno EMG system was used to record anterior and middle deltoids’ EMG activity, while the Xsens and Vicon simultaneously recorded shoulder kinematics. Results: For IMUs, correlation coefficients were high (simple task: >0.968; complex task: >0.84) and RMSEs were low (simple task: <6.72°; complex task: <11.5°). For EMG, a significant effect of weight, height and a weight x height interaction (anterior: p < 0.001; middle: p < 0.03) were observed for RMS EMG activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that wireless EMG and IMUs are valid units that can be used to measure physical demand in workplace assessments.

The effect of weight on mental health: New evidence using genetic IVs

Average body mass index (BMI) and depression prevalence grew over the last several decades, increasing medical expenditures. There is a strong correlation between obesity and depression but limited evidence on the causal effect of weight on mental health. I use an index of genetic risk for high BMI as a source of exogenous variation in weight to provide novel evidence on the effect of weight on mental health. This is one of the first studies to use genetics as an instrument for BMI and to examine the causal relationship between weight and depression. Results are mixed; I find a meaningful and significant effect of weight on suicidal ideation but no effects on counseling and an index of depression. The effect on suicidal ideation is concentrated in white females. From respondent and interviewer opinions of respondent attractiveness, social stigma is a mechanism through which weight affects mental health for white women.

Untersuchungen unterschiedlicher langsam wachsender Premiumhühner unter Tierschutz-Label-Konditionen. Teil II: Tiergesundheit

In the presented study, four slow growing broiler breeds were examined with the focus on animal-based welfare parameters. Results on litter quality, performance of fattening and slaughter yield of broilers were published in the first report (DAMME et al., 2015). For this investigation, unsexed chicks of the breeds Rowan Ranger, Hubbard JA 957, Hubbard JA 987 and Cobb Sasso 175 were housed at the Institute for Poultry Education and Applied Research in Kitzingen, Germany and fattened over a period of 42 days. At the end of the fattening period, animal-based welfare parameters were assessed in 50 broilers of each breed. The significantly best gait was performed by broilers of the breed Hubbard JA 957. About 52% of the assessed broilers of this breed showed a normal gait and 42% a mild inexplicit alteration. Even though, the broilers of the breeds Rowan Ranger and Cobb Sasso 175 were assessed with slightly inferior scores in the gait analysis, 90% of all assessed birds (score 0 or 1) coincided with the list of criteria for a livestock-appropriate housing and treatment of broilers in the scope of the animal welfare label issued by the German Animal Welfare Federation. This regulation defines that a maximum of 10% of broilers may be assessed with or may exceed the score 2 (DEUTSCHER TIERSCHUTZBUND, 2016). Broilers of the breed Hubbard JA 987 could not comply with the limit, because 26% of the examined broilers showed considerable deviations in the gait score analysis. A significant correlation was found between the gait score of the broiler and the weight, the soiling of plumage and the prevalence of hock burns. The food pads of the assessed broilers showed only isolated alterations. Lessions of the food pads were observed in 12% of the broilers of the breed Cobb Sasso 175. Thus, all breeds satisfy the list of criteria concerning food pad lessions of the animal welfare label by the German Animal Welfare Federation (DEUTSCHER TIERSCHUTZBUND, 2016). An apparent correlation between litter moisture and the prevalence of food pad alterations was observed. The most humid litter was assessed for the breed Cobb Sasso 175 in the first part of the study (DAMME et al., 2015). Considering the alterations of hock burns, similar observations were made, however no significant differences were detected between the breeds. In the breeds with lower weights (Rowan Ranger and Hubbard JA 957) fewer broilers with skin scratches (12 and 16%) were found than in the heavy breeds Cobb Sasso 175 (34%) and Hubbard JA 987 (46%). In this case, a significant weight effect was detected.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of dexlansoprazole MR in pediatric patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of dexlansoprazole modified-release (MR) capsules in pediatric patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).MethodsThis Phase I, open-label study enrolled male and female patients (1 to 11 years of age) with GERD. Patients received dexlansoprazole MR 15 mg, 30 mg, or 60 mg (according to weight) once daily for 7 days. Blood samples for the measurement of plasma dexlansoprazole concentrations were collected for 24 hours after the day 7 dose. Dexlansoprazole plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were summarized by dose group. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory evaluations, fasting gastrin concentrations, physical examinations, electrocardiograms, and vital signs.ResultsThirty-six patients received study drug (12 per dose group), and 31 had evaluable pharmacokinetic data. There was a significant effect of weight on dose-normalized area under the curve (AUC, P=0.003) and dose-normalized maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (P=0.013), indicating that for a given dose, dexlansoprazole exposure decreases as body weight increases. After adjusting for body weight, both dexlansoprazole Cmax and AUC increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner with increasing dexlansoprazole dose. A total of ten of 36 patients reported at least one treatment-emergent AE, with most events considered mild in intensity. The most common AEs were vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea.ConclusionIn 1- to 11-year-old patients with symptomatic GERD, weight-adjusted dexlansoprazole AUC and Cmax increased approximately dose-proportionally. However, for a given dose, dexlansoprazole exposure decreased with increasing body weight. Dexlansoprazole MR was well tolerated, and the incidence of AEs did not increase with increasing dose.

The effect of the weight of cloves on the growth and the yield of fall-planted garlic

In three years trials (1990-1993) the effect of weight cloves on growth and yield of local garlic ecotype R was assesed. Seven classes of cloves were studied. Significant effect of weight of cloves on growth and yield of garlic was found out. The plants grown from big cloves gave higher and better quality yield then those grown from smaller cloves. There was no difference in yield of plants grown from big and medium cloves.

Agonistic behavior and environmental enrichment of cats communally housed in a shelter

To evaluate the presence of a dominance rank in a group of cats and the relation between agonistic behavior and the use of resources, including environmental enrichment, in these cats. Observational analytic study. 27 neutered cats in a shelter in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The cats were video recorded for 4 consecutive days to obtain baseline data. Subsequently, a puzzle feeder was added as an enrichment device every other day over 8 days, for a total of 4 days with enrichment. Cats were also video recorded on these days. All pretreatment and posttreatment agonistic behaviors and interactions with the puzzle feeder were recorded by reviewing the videotapes. 143 agonistic encounters were recorded, of which 44 were related to resources and 99 were not. There were insufficient agonistic interactions to determine a dominance rank. Presence or absence of the puzzle feeder did not affect the rate of aggression. There was no significant effect of weight, sex, or coat color on the rate of aggression, and aggressive behavior did not correlate with time spent with the puzzle feeder. Twenty-three of the 27 cats interacted with the puzzle feeder. In a stable group of communally housed cats, environmental enrichment did not cause increased aggression as a result of competition for the source of enrichment. Because environmental enrichment increases the opportunity to perform exploratory behaviors, it may improve the welfare of groups of cats maintained long-term in shelters, sanctuaries, or multicat households.

The effect of upper extremity weight bearing on upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic type of cerebral palsy

The main objective of this study was to quantify the effects ofweight bearing on upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebralpalsy. This study also sought to monitor the change in spasticity immediatelyfollowing weight bearing exercises. A quasi-experimental, one group pre-test,post-test design was used. Eleven children with hemiplegic type of cerebral palsyfrom a special school in KwaZulu Natal participated after fully informed consentof the caretaking guardian. The intervention consisted of a standardized programof weight bearing. The Melbourne A ssessment of Upper Extremity function wasused to quantify upper extremity function of reach, grasp and manipulation and the modified A shworth grading of spasticity was used to grade and monitor spasticity. The data was analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A significant decrease in spasticity during elbow extension (p= 0,004), wrist flexion (p=0,026) and extension (p=0,004)was noted. Statistically significant improvement in function, reach (p=0, 00), grasp (p=0, 02) manipulation (p=0, 05)and overall quality of function (p= 0,003) was also found. A n overall significant effect of weight bearing exercises onupper extremity function was noted providing evidence for practice.

Effects of weight bearing and thermal conditions on equine digital hemodynamics

Laminitis, a common equine disease, can develop secondary to painful contralateral limb conditions (i.e. Kentucky Derby winner 'Barbaro'). It is hypothesized that blood flow alterations, laminar structural failure (from excessive weight), or a combination are responsible.The goals were to examine the effects of weight‐bearing and thermal conditions on equine digital hemodynamics.8 horses were instrumented with a Doppler ultrasonic probe around the palmar digital artery and catheters in the palmar artery and digital vein. We measured digital hemodynamics and administered 15 um isotopic microspheres into the palmar arterial circulation under these conditions:Weight equally‐balancedWeight off of instrumented leg (zero loading)Weight on instrumented leg (full loading)Normal hoof temperature (32 ° C)Cold hoof temperature (10 ° C)Warm hoof temperature (54 ° C)There was a significant effect of weight and temperature on laminar microspheres (p &lt; 0.0001). This data demonstrates full loading results in decreased laminar perfusion. Additionally, ice therapy decreases and warm therapy increases perfusion. Interestingly, blood flow at the fetlock level, palmar arterial and digital venous pressures did not change. This demonstrates weight‐bearing and thermal conditions change blood flow reaching the laminar tissues and change the state of arteriovenous anastomoses.Funding by Morris Animal Foundation.

Lung Function in Preteenaged Canadian School Children: Comparison with Two Standard Prediction Equations and Examination of the Effect of Weight

OBJECTIVES:To compare prediction curves for forced vital capacity (FVC) in children from a large population sample with the standard prediction curves currently in clinical use. A secondary objective was to assess the contribution of weight to the prediction of lung function in preteenagers.DESIGN:The data used for this analysis were from a prospective cohort study of health effects of air pollution on children in 10 Canadian communities, five in Saskatchewan and five in Ontario.PARTICIPANTS:A 96% response rate among a target population of 4935 boys and girls aged seven to 11 years was attained. After exclusion of non-Caucasians and asthmatics there remained 3142 children.ANALYSIS:FVC prediction curves for each sex were compared with the two standard prediction curves most frequently used in children's hospitals in Canada with respect to mean values and the lower limits of normal. A random subsample of 500 subjects was selected and their values were interpreted as normal or abnormal by the three prediction equations. Rates of abnormalcy between prediction methods were compared by the uncertainty coefficient statistic. Regression equations within each sex were examined for the effect of weight in addition to height.MAIN RESULTS:Prediction curves from this large population sample were not statistically different from two widely used prediction curves in the mean or lower limits of normal in boys or girls. In 1575 boys a small but significant effect of weight was demonstrated (r=0.024, P=0.001) after age, height and square of height were added to the model (overall r2=0.725). Similarly, a significant effect of weight was seen in girls (r=0.022, P=0.001, overall r2=0.756).CONCLUSIONS:A large sample of nonsmoking Canadian children offers no further advantage in mean or lower limits of normal over standard predictions based on smaller convenience samples in generating prediction curves for normal FVC. In the youngest children who can perform pulmonary function tests, weight should be taken into account in epidemiological studies of pulmonary function. Although the effect may be small it is of the order of magnitude anticipated due to a number of different pneumotoxins (ie, air pollutants).

A Simplified Phenytoin Regimen for Preeclampsia

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of giving phenytoin to a group of mild preeclamptic women in a universal dosing scheme comparable to that typical of magnesium sulfate administration. Serum phenytoin levels were measured at regular intervals for 32 hours following a 1 g intravenous loading dose in 14 patients. A second group of 14 women received 500 mg orally to supplement the 1 g initial dose and had serum levels similarly measured. The resultant serum levels are described, and the effect of maternal weight analyzed. The average serum phenytoin level in the first 14 women given the 1 g loading dose fell to 10 micrograms/mL approximately 12 hours after treatment. Serum levels plateaued above this threshold in the 14 women given 500 mg of additional medication orally 10 hours after treatment initiation and were maintained for an additional 14 hours before decline was observed. The serum levels resulting from the initial 1 g loading dose were analyzed 8 hours after treatment initiation in the entire group of 28 women according to body weight, and a clinically significant effect of weight on serum level was observed only at the extremes of weight. We conclude that a universal dosing scheme comparable to that typically used for magnesium sulfate is feasible for phenytoin administration to preeclamptic women.

Determination of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in blood and tissue. Studies of normal women and women with breast or endometrial cancer

Radioimmunoassay methods for measuring dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulphate (DHAS) in human plasma and tissues were developed and validated. Plasma levels were measured in men, pre- and postmenopausal women, and patients with endometrial or breast cancer. In the patients, tissue concentrations were also measured. Plasma DHA levels fluctuated synchronously with cortisol, but DHAS levels were less labile, and reached maximum levels during the day and were lowest at night. No obvious pattern was seen in relation to the menstrual cycle. Both DHA and DHAS levels fell with age, but DHA levels reached a plateau at about 60 years. No significant effect of weight on plasma levels was found. Plasma levels in the cancer patients were not significantly different from age-matched controls either when single samples were compared, or when mean 24 h levels were used. Endometrial tissue levels of DHA fell with age, unlike DHAS. In breast tumour tissue, DHA, but not DHAS concentrations were higher than in normal breast tissue. A good correlation between plasma and tissue DHAS levels was found, and DHA levels were also correlated in plasma and tissue. The correlations between plasma and tissue were not observed in tumour tissue, which may be due to altered tissue metabolism.

The effect of body condition on ovulation rate in the sow

SUMMARYTwenty-four sows from three nutritional regimes imposed until weaning of their third litters were used to investigate the influence of weight and body condition on ovulation rate.For low-, medium- and high-plane sows respectively, mean corpora lutea numbers at 3 to 6 days post coitus were 13·8±0·78, 16·4±0·87 and 15·2±1·01 (not significantly different); conception rates at first service were 50, 87·5 and 100% percentages prenatal mortality were 36·1±7·95, 67·2±7·26 and 41·7±7·26, and mean numbers of pigs born alive were 9·0±1·19, 5·2±1·09 and 8·8±1·09.Pooled data indicated no significant effect of body weight but a significant effect of weight loss during the preceding lactation on ovulation rate (P&lt;0–01).