Significant Regional Differentiation Research Articles

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors Analysis of Drought Characteristics Based on the Standardized Precipitation Index: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin

It is crucial to identify drought characteristics and determine drought severity in response to climate change. Aiming at the increasingly serious drought situation in the Yellow River Basin, this study firstly selected the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and streamflow drought index (SDI) to analyze the characteristics of drought seasons, then identified the frequency, duration, and intensity of drought based on the run theory, and finally recognized the abrupt changing and driving factors of major drought events in specific years by the Mann–Kendall trend test. The conclusions showed the following: (1) The drought in the downstream of the Yellow River Basin was more severe than that in the upstream. The drought characteristics showed significant regional differentiation and deterioration. (2) The drought intensity and duration had an obvious spatial correlation. Compared with the other seasons, the drought duration and severity in spring and autumn were the most serious, and in winter, they showed an aggravating trend. (3) According to a time series analysis of drought conditions in the Yellow River Basin, the worst drought occurred in 1997–2001 with the least rainfall on record and a sudden rise in temperatures. This study could provide a scientific reference for agricultural drought disaster prevention and mitigation.

Spatial coupling coordination and interactive response between green finance and green total factor productivity: geographical analysis based on Chinese provinces, 2010-2020.

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, this study uses the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM), spatial autocorrelation analysis, and the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to quantitatively examine the dynamic coordination and interactive response of green finance (GF) and green total factor productivity (GTFP). The results show that the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between GF and GTFP during the study period shows an overall increasing trend and significant regional differentiation and remains at the medium level, indicating large room for improvement. The CCDs of provinces fluctuate between the low and high types. The distribution gradually shifts from a "high in the south and low in the north" pattern to a "high in the east and low in the west" configuration. The spatial difference of coupling development continues to expand and presents a significant spatial positive correlation. In addition, GF and GTFP in China exhibit significant self-reinforcing characteristics, but the reinforcing effect gradually decreases. There is only a unidirectional interaction relationship between GF and GTFP, which is GF actively fosters the advancement of GTFP, while the influence of GTFP on GF appears less pronounced. This research provides comprehensive insights into the dynamic interaction between GF and GTFP.

ОЦЕНКА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ РЕГИОНОВ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РФ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The formation of a single economic space in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is considered as the main task, which is the basis for realizing the development goals of the regions of the Russian Arctic. One of the solutions to the problem of creating a common spatially localized territory of the Russian Arctic megaregion, taking into account the significant differentiation of regions according to socio-economic indicators, is to identify tools for smoothing regional disparities. The use of the tested by the authors IRES RAS methodology “Information and analytical technologies for complex verification of the information base of economic and mathematical modeling of spatial economic systems” is proposed as a tool for constructing data sets suitable for full-fledged mathematical research compiled on the basis of collections of the Federal State Statistics Service.

Analysis of years of life lost due to premature cancer mortality in the Russian Federation

Background. Burden of disease estimation allows analyses to be carried out integrally, including cause and effect assessment. the rate of life years lost due to premature mortality is part of the burden of disease analysis. given that the burden of cancer is steadily increasing, analysis of the number of years lost makes it possible to identify new strategic directions, as well as to adjust decisions already made, in the health care of cancer patients.Purpose: to estimate the loss of life expectancy as a result of premature mortality from cancer in the population of the Russian Federation.Material and Methods. the analysis was carried out using international statistical databases for disease burden estimation, databases of the Federal state statistics service (Rosstat). to determine the target groups of priority reduction of mortality from neoplasms in the Russian Federation, an estimation of the lost years of life expectancy as a result of premature mortality in the form of the e† (e-dagger) indicator was carried out. the analyzed period of the study was 2010–2019.Results. the Russian Federation is characterized by the smallest share of losses from cancer in the structure of losses from all causes of death compared to the analyzed countries (Japan, France, germany, latvia, lithuania, estonia). However, the share of losses has been intensively increasing for 10 years (in 2010 – 14.79 %, in 2019 – 17.54 %). in comparison with the analyzed countries, Russia is more characterised by losses from cancer at a younger age, with the highest value of life years lost in the age group 60–64 years. the age-standardized number of years lost in men in Russia is 67.1 % higher than in women. in the age group from 25 to 49 years of age, the loss of life expectancy due to cancer in women is higher and accounts for 0.4 years (or 19 %) of all losses, which is not typical of other age groups in which losses in men prevail. A significant regional differentiation of mortality in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been revealed, which is also reflected in the number of years lost.Conclusion. the potential of preventive strategies in the Russian Federation has not been fully realized – the loss of life years in young and middle age requires the correction of measures to improve preventive services and oncological care. the revealed regional differentiation allows us to identify regions with high losses for priority solutions.

Perspectives on regional science in studies of public participation in higher education

Purpose: of this paper is to characterize the potential of regional theories in solving the current scientific socio-economic problem of establishing the interaction between society and the system of higher education.Methods: the processes of interaction between society and higher education are considered through the prism of separate approaches and concepts of the scientific paradigm of regional economics, to solve the set goal.Results: based on statistical data, significant regional differentiation of higher education system in modern Russia is shown, which actualizes its study through the prism of regional scientific paradigm. Through systematization of existing experience of interaction between universities and society in Sverdlovsk region the role of universities as coordinators of public participation in the spatial development of the region is shown. By applying methodological apparatus of specific theories of regional paradigm, their cognitive potential in the sphere of educational social relations analysis as well as possibilities of identification of problems of public participation in higher education are revealed. In particular, the gnoseological possibilities of the spatial approach are substantiated. The characteristics of the last reform of higher education, which entailed the segregation of universities in the context of applying the theory of growth poles, are given. The article shows the prospects for regional development through the application of the methodology of the theory "center–periphery", usingthe example of correcting staff imbalances of the small towns. The practical significance of applying the theory of "genetic" codes in the study and interpretation of the causes of low intensity and quality of public participation in higher education was characterized. The methodological possibilities of using institutional mesoeconomics, coordination theory, mesoeconomics of network structures, and cluster theory in studying the experience of interaction between higher education institutions and society in the regional context were substantiated.Conclusions and Relevance: the interpretation of the region in the context of mesoeconomics stipulates the necessity and possibility to form an independent theoretical and methodological apparatus for studying regional systems of higher education and apply special tools for analysis and identification of problems of public participation in higher education on specific territories.

Cognitive characteristics of the Qiang religious culture and its influencing factors in Southwest China

Abstract Qiang religious culture is the result of its adaptation to the natural environment and socio–economic development. The Upper Reaches of Min River has been the main inhabiting district of the Qiang ethnic group in China. Based on the construction of the resource system for Qiang religious culture, this study quantitatively illustrated the cognitive characteristics of this culture in the basin and the main factors influencing its regional differentiation using statistical methods, Moran’s I method, Getis-Ord Gi* method, and the Geo-detector model. The results suggested that the respondents’ cognitive degree (RCD) in relation to the religious culture in the study area was 0.258 ± 0.031, and the cognitive degrees for religious buildings, supplies, literature, and beliefs were as follows: religious literature (0.332) > religious supplies (0.287 ± 0.076) > religious buildings (0.222 ± 0.037) > religious beliefs (0.193 ± 0.023). This result was mainly related to the dissemination methods of religious cultural elements, the status of their preservation, and changes in the production and lifestyle of the people. Furthermore, the respondents’ cognition presented significant regional differentiation characteristics. Two natural factors, namely, humidity and elevation, were the major ones that influenced cognitive regional differentiation with influences values of 0.293 and 0.280, respectively. Elevation and average night light index exhibited significant correlations with cognition (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the influence was enhanced when various factors interacted with one another. This study contributes to the quantitative research on the sustainable development of the Qiang religious culture and national culture inheritance.

Terrestrial transect study on pattern and driving mechanism of ecosystem services in the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor

This study quantified the gradient characteristics, trade-off/synergy relationships, and spatiotemporal changes in five key ecosystem services on the meridional (east-west transect of the Siberian Railway (EWTSR) and zonal (north-south transect of Northeast Asia (NSTNEA)) transects of the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor from 1992 to 2020. The results showed significant regional differentiation of ecosystem services. The improvement in ecosystem services in the EWTSR was significantly greater than in the NSTNEA, and the synergy between water yield and food production in the EWTSR improved the most from 1992 to 2020. The relationship between ecosystem services and different levels of dominant factors was significant, and population expansion had the greatest impact on the trade-off between habitat quality and food production. The leading drivers of ecosystem services in the NSTNEA were normalized vegetation index, population density, and precipitation. This study helps reveal regional differentiation characteristics and drive factors of ecosystem services in Eurasia.

Спрос на цифровые навыки в России: региональные различия

This paper examines regional differences in the demand for digital skills based on an analysis of 9 million vacancies posted on the Unified Digital Platform ‘Work in Russia’ in 2018–2022. We examine approaches used in the literature to classify digital skills and using it develop our own classification. The paper studies the advantages and limitations of various indicators of the demand for digital skills. We suggest that the ratio between the share of vacancies requiring digital skills of a certain group in the region and the labor force population should be used as the most appropriate one. The results of the study show that in Russia there is still a significant regional differentiation in the employer’s demand for all selected groups. Differentiation increased with the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, and decreased slightly in 2021–2022. We reveal that regions with a higher level of economic development have higher requirements for digital skills. Digital skills are more often required in regions specialized on primary production and less often in agricultural regions. Of the federal districts, a slightly higher level of demand for digital skills is observed in the Ural and Far Eastern federal districts, while a significantly lower level is observed in the North Caucasus federal district

Economic Inactivity and Assessment of the Economic Burden of the Population in the Regions of Russia

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the number of persons outside the labour force, the calculated economic burden of the population and the economic burden of the employed in some CIS countries and in the regions of the Russian Federation. In the CIS countries, the greatest economic burden was once observed in Armenia, although in subsequent years it significantly decreased, as a result of reduction in the unemployment rate. The trend of reducing the economic burden in Uzbekistan and the relatively stable situation in Kazakhstan are noted. In the Russian Federation, the economic burden of the population has been decreasing, but significant regional differentiation remains. The minimum values of the economic burden are noted in the Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets districts, in the Magadan region, and the maximum values are in the Republic of Adygea and in the Kurgan region.

Potential labor force in Russian regions: GRP production loss estimate

The paper presents an assessment of losses in the production of gross regional product from underutilization of labor in the regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out on the development of 1 employed person, losses in GRP production were calculated on the basis of the number of potential labor force according to the Rosstat Labor Force Surveys for 2021. In our country, the number of potential labor is decreasing, in the structure of potential labor, the largest number of inactive population is observed in a group of people who are not looking for work, but are ready to start work. It is noted that there remains a significant regional differentiation in the production of 1 employed and the number of potential labor. Analysis of losses in GRP production from the non-use of potential labor showed that the greatest losses are characteristic of regions with a relatively high unemployment rate.

Statistical Analysis of Lunar 1 Hz Waves Using ARTEMIS Observations

Like 1 Hz waves occurring in the upstream of various celestial bodies in the solar system, 1 Hz narrowband whistler-mode waves are often observed around the Moon. However, wave properties have not been thoroughly investigated, which makes it difficult to proclaim the generation mechanism of the waves. Using 5.5 yr wave data from ARTEMIS, we perform a detailed investigation of 1 Hz waves in the near-lunar space. The amplitude of lunar 1 Hz waves is generally 0.05–0.1 nT. In the geocentric solar ecliptic coordinates, the waves show no significant regional differentiation pattern but show an absence inside the magnetosphere. Correspondingly, in the selenocentric solar ecliptic coordinates, the waves can occur extensively at ∼1.1–12 RL, while few events are observed in the lunar wake due to a lack of interaction with the solar wind. Furthermore, the wave distributions exhibit modest day–night and dawn–dusk asymmetries but less apparent north–south asymmetry. Compared with the nightside, more intense waves with lower peak wave frequency are present on the dayside. The preferential distribution of 1 Hz waves exhibits a moderate correlation with strong magnetic anomalies. The waves propagate primarily at wave normal angles <60° with an ellipticity of [−0.8, −0.3]. For stronger wave amplitudes and lower latitudes, 1 Hz waves generally have smaller wave normal angles and become more left-hand circularly polarized. Owing to the unique interaction between the Moon and solar wind, our statistical results might provide new insights into the generation mechanism(s) of 1 Hz waves in planetary plasma environments and promote the understanding of lunar plasma dynamics.

Peculiarities of the woodworking industry development in Ukraine and its regions

The article reveals the woodworking industry as a component of the wood processing complex and a perspective export-oriented sector of the Ukrainian economy. The purpose of the research is to identify the main trends and results of the development of the woodworking industry in the Ukraine regions in the pre-war period, to identify problems and to substantiate possible ways of solving them in the post-war period. The role and importance of the woodworking industry in the formation of the country's GDP was studied. The prerequisites for the formation and formation of the woodworking industry in Ukraine are characterized, namely, the level of forest cover in the country is analyzed, which directly affects the provision of raw materials for enterprises in the industry. Regional differences in natural conditions are determined, which is the reason for significant interregional differentiation of the development of the woodworking sector. The amount of produced forest products in the regions of Ukraine in the pre-war period was analyzed. It has been proven that the lack of raw materials remains a problem for the woodworking industry. It has been established that the forestry of Ukraine is characterized by a relatively low level of forest cover in the country, significant regional differentiation of forests, and a high proportion of ecologically significant forests; individual forests are provided for permanent use by enterprises; a significant area of forests grows in the zone of radioactive contamination; half of Ukraine's forests are artificially created and require increased care. It has been found that there is a dynamic and constantly growing demand for woodworking products. This attracts capital to the industry, increasing competition, which was quite high in the market for wood and wood products in Ukraine before the war. The woodworking industry market of Ukraine meets the conditions of effective competition, where small enterprises prevail. It was established that about 40% of the products of the woodworking industry are sold abroad. The most promising areas of industry are the manufacture of wood products, its processing and furniture production. Sawmill and planing production are the most export-oriented. At the same time, it was found that Ukraine will continue to be an exporter of mainly raw materials and products with a low share of added value. This reduces the efficiency of export activities and additionally creates pressure on the development of enterprises with a complex production cycle, increasing the shortage of wood raw materials. The article describes the current state and problems of the development of the woodworking industry during the war. The main directions of restoration of the woodworking sector of Ukraine in the post-war period are outlined.

Coupling Coordination and Interactive Response Analysis of Ecological Environment and Urban Resilience in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

There is a complex dynamic coupling interaction process between the ecological environment and urban resilience. It is important to clarify the coordination relationship and interactive response mechanism between them for sustainable development construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The coupling coordination degree model and the panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) were adopted to quantitatively examine the dynamic coordination and interactive response of the ecological environment and urban resilience in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2019. Our study’s results are the following: (1) The ecological environment index and urban resilience index have a generally positive trend of fluctuation and increase during the study period but show significant regional differentiation. (2) The coupling coordination degree of ecological environment and urban resilience in the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased steadily, forming a spatial distribution pattern of “strong in the east and weak in the west”, with cities in the region mainly at the basic coordination level and generally lagging behind in development. (3) Both the ecological environment and urban resilience systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt have significant self-reinforcing mechanisms, but the reinforcing effect is gradually decreasing, and the two positively promote each other, with urban resilience showing a more obvious promoting effect on the ecological environment.

The Spatial Pattern of the Prefecture-Level Carbon Emissions and Its Spatial Mismatch in China with the Level of Economic Development

Now, more and more attention is being paid to the deviation between economic benefits and environmental costs. Therefore, the research investigated the temporal variation in, and the spatial pattern of, carbon emissions systematically from the prefecture-level cities in China, and the spatial mismatch with the level of economic development from 2005 to 2020 by the spatial autocorrelation, the barycenter model, the spatial mismatch index and the standard deviation ellipse. The research results showed that: (1) The prefecture-level carbon emissions showed the characteristics of continuous expansion in time, decreasing from the north to the south and increasing from the southeast to the north-west in space. (2) The spatial distribution of high and low values of the prefecture-level carbon emissions in China showed significant spatial aggregation and positive correlation. Among them, the high-high (H-H) regions were mainly distributed in the city agglomerations of the mid-southern Liaoning, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Huebaoyu, central Shanxi, Shandong Peninsula, and Yangtze River Delta. Low-low (L-L) regions continued to accelerate to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Macao, Pearl River Delta, Beibu Gulf, central Yunnan, central Guizhou, Chengdu-Chongqing, and other city agglomerations. (3) The barycenter of the carbon emissions has always been located in the north of the barycenter of economic development, and the spatial mismatch distance between the two showed the change characteristic of the type of N. It can be seen that the spatial mismatch was apparent. (4) The mismatch index and the mismatch contribution of the cities showed a significant regional differentiation pattern, decreasing from the east to the west.

Evolution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Production-Living-Ecological Space in China: Perspective of Main Function Zones.

The main function zone (MFZ) is the major strategy of China’s economic development and ecological environment protection. Clarifying the logical relationship between “MFZ strategy” and “territorial spatial layout” is vital to construct regional economic layout and territorial spatial supporting system of high-quality development. However, few studies have revealed the evolution process and formation mechanism of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) structure of China’s MFZ over a long period of time. To bridge the gap, based on the land use dataset in China from 1980 to 2020, this study analyzed the evolution patterns of PLES in China’s MFZs using multiple methods and measured the formation mechanism of PLES in different types of MFZs with the GeoDetector model. Results showed that the spatial structure of China’s national territory has evolved drastically in the past 40 years, showing significant horizontal regional differentiation and vertical gradient differentiation. Ecological space has been continuously decreasing, while production space and living space have been continuously increasing, and the evolution of PLES varied significantly in different MFZs. During the study period, the gravity center of PLES in China all moved westward. The spatial distribution pattern of production space and living space was from northeast to southwest, and the ecological space was from east to west. The evolution of China’s territorial spatial structure was subject to the combined effects of natural and socio-economic factors, exhibiting significant differences in different MFZs. Land use intensity had the most prominent influence on the formation of PLES, followed by elevation. The influences of different factors on PLES structure were strengthened mainly through two types of nonlinear enhancement and dual-factor enhancement. This study can provide scientific support for the optimal management and high-quality development of territorial space in China.

Проблемы и перспективы инновационного развития региона в современных условиях

One of the most pressing problems of the regional economy is innovative development. Due to the fact that there is significant differentiation of regions in the Russian Federation in terms of socio-economic development, there is an increasing need to form a qualitatively new national innovation system. In modern conditions the innovative development of the territory is influenced by such fundamental indicators as availability of innovation potential, creation of innovation infrastructure that promotes innovation activity, the degree of state support. The formation and improvement of the region’s innovation system is becoming an important task due to the process of transition to a knowledge-based economy. In turn, innovation activity is defined as a competitive advantage, contributes to economic modernization and is a factor in smoothing the differentiation of the country’s regions by the pace of innovation transformation. Development of the innovation system involves the spread of available innovations to all sectors of the domestic economy and a shift in the focus of innovation development to other areas of scientific and technological development. The task of wide introduction of innovations and modernization of the Russian economy on this basis is only achievable if cooperation and coordination of interests of the state, science and business, as well as public participation in the discussion of problems and prospects of innovative development are achieved.

Matching Supply and Demand of Coal-based Urban Ecosystem Services

With the acceleration of urbanization, the ecological environment has gradually deteriorated, the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services has gradually become unbalanced, and human well-being has been seriously threatened. In particular, coal-using cities are facing the dual pressure of the ecological environment and resource depletion due to the concentration of population and resources, and environmental contradictions. Thus, exploring the relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services and their evolution help promote scientific ecological management. By using multi-source data from Huainan City in 2010 and 2020 and the ecosystem service supply and demand matrix and ArcGIS quantitative measurement of the supply, the demand and supply of ecosystem services in Huainan City were investigated. The result implies the following. (1) During 2010‒2020, the supply of ecosystem services in Huainan has decreased year by year. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecosystem service supply in Huainan City was high in the south and low in the north, and there is a significant regional differentiation, (2) Between 2010 and 2020, the demand for ecosystem services in Huainan City increased year by year, and its spatial distribution was similar to the distribution of ecosystem service supply. (3) Due to the decline in the supply of ecosystem services between 2010 and 2020, the demand for ecosystem services has increased, which leads to changes in the matching degree of supply and demand of ecosystem services in Huainan City.

Agriculture as the main factor of food security in Russia

The leading role in the issue of ensuring the food security belongs to the agricultural sector, which, in the context of the introduction of anti-Russian economic sanctions, was forced to mobilize in a short time and begin to accelerate the production of those types of agricultural products, the deficit of which was previously filled by importing food products from abroad. The main and important thing for the development of all branches of the agro-industrial complex is the increase in the gross grain harvest. Grain production is one of the most important foundations of the crop industry and all agricultural production. There is a close relationship between grain production and certain sectors of the agro-industrial complex and industry. And the main strategic importance in the production of grain and ensuring the food security of our country is to solve a number of important issues - increasing and improvement of the efficiency of grain production, improvement of the gross yield of various grain crops, as well as expansion of sown areas in agriculture. According to many experts the importance of development of a strategy in agricultural production shall rely on its main feature - all production facilities and divisions of this industry are connected with the production of agricultural products as with the main specialization. An important principle, which shall be followed by the formation of a strategy for the development of the grain product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex, is the mandatory processing of its strategic goals with various factors that are determined by its natural and economic potential. The agrarian policy of modern Russia shall be comprehensive, based on sufficient funding and a stable legislative framework. Also it shall take into account the significant regional differentiation in the levels of agricultural development.

Assessing job satisfaction and job security in Russia

The author presents an analysis of job and salary satisfaction, and job security in the regions of Russia. In the article general and specific job satisfaction indices are calculated based on the Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population; it is shown that job security is much more appreciated, and the most significant regional differentiation is noted by the wage satisfaction index. The minimum values of the wage satisfaction index are in the Volgograd region and in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, but job security in these constituent entities of the Russian Federation is estimated at almost twice as high, compared to other regions. Maximum wage satisfaction values are more typical for regions with high levels of labor force participation.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ НА ПРИНЦИПАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

Like many other countries of the world, Russia is experiencing a deficit of infrastructure investment. One of the main ways to overcome this deficit is to attract private investment using public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. However, a significant part of decisions on the implementation of PPP projects are made without taking into account the specifics of a particular territory, which can decrease the project’s effectiveness. Similarly, the methods for assessing the development of PPP in the regions are solely based on factors that are not directly related to their socio-economic indicators, and only consider the quality of management and the experience of implementation of PPP projects. Using the example of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the author develops an integral index that takes into account institutional, budgetary, and socio-economic indicators reflecting the region's readiness to implement PPP projects as well as the need for such projects. The results of calculating this integral index for transport infrastructure projects reflect a significant differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the potential for the PPP development. Generally, regions with a high level of socio-economic development (including Moscow, St. Petersburg and most of the leading industrial regions) have a more significant potential for using PPPs in the infrastructure development. Regions possessing a favorable transport and geographical location, as well as an institutional environment conducive to attracting private investment, also have high potential.