Significant Differences In Involvement Research Articles

Extent of Students Involvement in Extracurricular Activities and Academic Performance Among Grade 8 Students

This research study explored the extent of extracurricular activities on student’s academic performance. The study aimed to address the students’ involvement in extracurricular activities and academic performance. It was conducted among the Grade 8 High School Students of Zambales National High School. This study utilized a descriptive quantitative research design, a survey questionnaire was used as the main research instrument for obtaining data and analyzing quantitative data gathered from the respondents. Based from the findings, it concludes that the majority of respondents were female students aged 13-14 with a middle-income family income. Sports was the most involved, and students did not participate in debates. The level of involvement in extracurricular activities was slightly involved. The students rated satisfactory academic performance. There was no significant difference in involvement based on profile variables or academic performance. The study recommends that secondary schools should consider extracurricular activities as a way to promote student growth and provide experiences outside the classroom. School counselors should work with students to identify activities that align with their interests and skill levels.

Communication activities of students with the social cultural environment during floods: A case study in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam

This study aims to explore the variances in communication behaviours among undergraduate students within the social-cultural context. A total of 104 participants (40 lecturers and six managers) were selected from two universities, namely Hue University of Science and Hue University of Education. The collected data was subsequently evaluated. The findings suggest that there are slight differences between male and female students. This study highlights significant differences in involvement among Kinh ethnic students and students from other ethnic groups. Furthermore, the geographical location and sociocultural environment of a region significantly influence the communication behaviors and preferences of students. Students demonstrate higher mean scores in diverse communication activities as compared to lecturers. The results highlight the significance of gender, ethnicity, geographic location and student status in influencing students' participation in communication. Recognizing and addressing these differences can help in the development of effective communication strategies, the development of inclusive environments and the encouragement of positive social interactions among various groups of students. The implications for students' well-being, academic success and intercultural competency might be explored in more detail in further studies by examining the fundamental variables that lead to these differences.

Takayasu Arteritis: Pattern Of Clinical And Radiological Features, Experience From Pakistan.

Takayasu arteritis (TKA) is a rare large vessel vasculitis occurring in young adults of less than 50 year of age. We analyse the clinical, radiological features, and treatment regimens in Pakistani patients presenting to a tertiary care center. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of TKA patients done at the Rheumatology department of Fatima Memorial Hospital. A comprehensive evaluation of clinical, laboratory, radiographic features and treatment regimens was carried out. A consecutive cohort of 18 patients, with 13 patients (72%) of female gender was studied. Mean age of the cohort was 35.94±2.7 years. A mean delay of 2.32±0.43 years between symptoms and final diagnosis was reported, attributed to alternate diagnosis in 57.1% and late presentation in 42.8% cases. Limb claudication (44.4%), absent pulses (38.9%), were the common initial manifestation. Hypertension (61.5%), blood pressure discrepancy between arms (88.9%) and bruit (72.2%) over major vessels were common systemic features. As per angiographic classification, Type V (44.4%), and Type I (33.3%), were most common pattern of disease in the cohort. Subclavian artery (72.2%), renal artery (33.3%), iliofemoral arteries (27.8%), and coronary artery involvement (16.7%) were the common lesions. Coronary artery lesion was higher in females (p=0.52) while renal artery lesion in males (p=0.27). There was no statistically significant difference in involvement of vessels according to gender (p >0.05). Type V and Type I are the common pattern of TKA. Limb claudication was the most common initial manifestation. Renal artery involvement was seen more commonly in males while coronary artery involvement more commonly in females.

Involvement of children and young people in care order decision‐making—A Danish perspective

AbstractChildren and young people's right to participate in decisions affecting their lives has received considerable attention in recent years; however, there is no fixed definition of what their involvement means in practice and there is no consensus regarding how to determine the level of involvement. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the involvement of vulnerable young people in their own case processing. Based on quantitative measures of young people's relationships to their caseworkers, how well informed they feel and how much influence they seem to have, we analysed how involved young people feel in their own case processing and we show significant differences in involvement using a combination of survey and administrative data. We found considerable co‐existence of poor well‐being and poor involvement. By sampling a large proportion of the total group, and by receiving answers from 2334 young people, corresponding to one in five of all vulnerable young people in either out‐of‐home care or receiving in‐home preventive care, we are able to show significant differences in involvement. Consequently, we argue that questionnaire‐based surveys can help nuance the understanding of involvement challenges.

The PROMova study comparing active and passive use of patient-reported outcome measures in ovarian cancer follow-up: effect on patient-perceived involvement, satisfaction with care, and usefulness

Background Patients with ovarian cancer often experience substantial health problems and side effects resulting in reduced quality of life (QoL). Different models of using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) during follow-up may improve the quality of care. This national, multicenter observational study investigated the effect of active use of PROMs on patient-perceived involvement, satisfaction with care, unmet needs, and QoL during follow-up of ovarian cancer. Material and methods Ovarian cancer patients were recruited at the end of primary treatment at eight centers in Denmark. During 18 months of follow-up patients repeatedly completed European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires covering health related QoL and symptoms. At the sites using PROMs actively (ACT), the clinician had access to an overview of the patient's scores during the clinical encounter. Clinicians using PROMs passively were alerted in case of severe development of symptoms. Following each encounter, patients evaluated their health service experience by completing the CollaboRATE scale of involvement in decision making, the Patient Experience Questionnaire, and ad hoc questions covering patient-perceived usefulness of the PROMs. Results A total of 223 patients were enrolled, i.e., 168 (75.3%) at five sites using ACT and 53 (23.8%) at three sites using them passively. We found no statistically significant difference in involvement in the decision making, satisfaction with care, unmet needs, and QoL between the two groups. The majority of patients found it useful to complete the PROMs, although it did not seem to significantly support them in raising issues with the oncologist. Conclusion Active use of PROMs did not improve patients’ experience of involvement in follow-up care as compared to passive use.

Analysis of risk factors for susceptibility of frequent gout attacks: A case-control study of 579 patients with primary gout

Objective To analyze the risk factors of frequent gout flare, and to evaluate its susceptibility to identify patients with≥2 acute attacks per year. Methods A total of 579 of cases gout patients with no history of taking urate lowering treatment (ULT) in recent 12 months were enrolled. The patients were divided into frequent group (gout episodes≥twice per year) and non-frequent group(gout attacks<twice per year). The clinical information was collected and relevant biochemical indices were detected. Results There were significant differences in involvement of upper limb joints, tophi, combining hypertension and renal stone between two groups. The two groups had no statistical differences in family history, gender, history of smoking and drinking, ratios of regular exercise, and combining diabetes, hepatic insufficiency, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity. There was significant differences in the number of joints involved, the history of disease duration, the level of SUA and TG[(4.66±2.54) vs (2.77±1.64), (6.68±5.11) vs (5.14±3.89) years, (525.82±132.11) vs (489.33±139.81) μmol/L, (2.51±1.94) vs (2.05±1.22) mmol/L, P 2, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 77.8%, 43.3%, 85.6%, and 56.6%, respectively, and the difference was significant. Conclusion Higher SUA and a larger number of joints involved associate independently with frequent gout attacks. The number of joints involved at initial diagnosis>2, which can predict the frequent flare, and start ULT as earlier as possible. Patients with joints involved at initial diagnosis>2 are at greater risk of frequent gout flare. Key words: Gout; Flare; Frequency; Risk factors; ROC curve

Sport Activity for Health!! The Effects of Karate Participants' Involvement, Perceived Value, and Leisure Benefits on Recommendation Intention.

This study intends to discuss the effects of participants’ involvement, perceived value, and leisure benefits on recommendation intention in the sport of karate. The questionnaires were collected online by karate clubs on Facebook and included 369 valid participants. The research findings show that karate participants from different places of residence do not display significant differences in involvement, perceived value, leisure benefits, and recommendation intention. Furthermore, “attraction” in the involvement category reveals the highest mean, “paid spirit and energy being worthy” in perceived value appears as the highest mean, and “physiological benefits” in leisure benefits shows the highest mean. The Pearson correlation analysis result presents significant strong positive correlations between involvement, perceived value, leisure benefits, and recommendation intention. Finally, multiple regression analysis reveals that leisure benefits, except “physiological benefits”, show notably positive effects on recommendation intention. According to the research results, suggestions are proposed for the reference of karate teaching business managers, participants, and future research.

Working memory strategies during rational number magnitude processing.

Rational number understanding is a critical building block for success in more advanced mathematics; however, how rational number magnitudes are conceptualized is not fully understood. In the current study, we used a dual-task working memory (WM) interference paradigm to investigate the dominant type of strategy (i.e., requiring verbal WM resources vs. requiring primarily visuospatial WM resources) used by adults when processing rational number magnitudes presented in both decimal and fraction notation. Analyses revealed no significant differences in involvement of verbal and visuospatial WM, regardless of notation (fractions vs. decimals), indicating that adults rely upon a mix of strategies and WM resources when processing rational number magnitudes. However, this pattern interacted with algebra ability such that those performing better on the algebra assessment relied upon both verbal and visuospatial WM when engaging in rational number comparisons, whereas rational number performance by adults with low algebra fluency was affected only by a simultaneous verbal WM task. Together, results support previous work implicating the involvement of WM resources in rational number processing and is the first study to indicate that the involvement of both verbal and visuospatial WM, as opposed to relying primarily on verbal WM, when processing rational number magnitudes may be indicative of higher mathematical proficiency in the domain of algebra. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

A new market brand equity model (MBE)

Purpose The current study conceptualizes and empirically tests a new model of market brand equity (MBE). This model, that not just provides an understanding of customer mindsets toward the brand, as most empirical models do, but also measures the marketing benefits of such mindsets. The present study offers two models. One is comprehensive and theoretical while the other is an empirical model. The empirical model is a practical model drawn from the more comprehensive and conceptualized model. The hypothesized empirical MBE model is tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis followed by a formula that offers a method to calculate and rank competitive brands in the market place. The purpose of this paper is to conclude with a discussion of the implications of the model. Design/methodology/approach The findings of the present research are based on a representative sample of 964 cellular phone users selected randomly from an Israeli internet panel were analyzed. The questions related to the dimensions of the brand equity needed a more intimate relationship of the customers with the brand. Thus, those questions were asked only with regard to the brand that the respondents were mainly using. These questions were concerned with brand knowledge, brand commitment and brand overall attitude. The other questions that the respondents answered were about three other brands on the market. All dimensions, except purchase barriers, were measured on a ten-point scale. Findings SEM analysis was used to test the hypothesized MBE model as well as alternative models. The results, which supported the hypothesized model, indicated that knowledge has a strong positive effect on image, personality and attitude. Image has a positive effect on attitude, but that of personality was insignificant. Attitude, image and personality have a positive effect on commitment. Commitment affects recommendation strongly and positively. Both commitment and recommendation have a positive and significant effect on potential market share. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the current research are that it was not measured over time and that only one product category has been tested. In addition to dealing with these limitations, future research may also add additional marketing performance outcome variables such as the ability to obtain premium prices and to exercise brand power in relation to channels of distribution. Practical implications The model presented in this paper provides the marketer with the ability to compare, from a competitive perspective, the relative average in the market place of customer mindset, customer performance and marketing performance. The analysis also reveals whether to invest in strengthening customer mindset or in capturing a greater market share. When the brand leader is far from its followers, an additional analysis may be required and it may be necessary to increase the sensitivity of the analysis by examining separately (without the leading brand) the relative differences between the follower brands. Moreover, the measurement questions should be adjusted to fit different product categories. For example, in testing the MBE in the service industry, “product performance,” which is a component of brand commitment, should be measured by the “quality of service.” But the way of using the model will not change. Another example for future research may be found in sport marketing, such as among football or basketball clubs. In such instances, performance – winning or losing – or even the quality of the players on the team may be considered. It is suggested here that the MBE’s measurement of fast-moving products vs slow moving ones. However, in such cases the model would probably show a significant difference in involvement with the brands of fast-moving products displaying much lower customers’ involvement then brands of slow-moving products. Originality/value The empirical model suggested in this study is a new and practical market-based brand equity that uses commitment as the main construct, building brand equity to represent the performance outcome of the customer mindset used in the models noted above. The current study also offers a new practical and useful formula for calculating and ranking MBE.

Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and Attitudes towards Its Integration into Teaching

&lt;p class="apa"&gt;The study examined ‘Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and attitudes towards its Integration into Teaching. The study was carried out in the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 17,618 undergraduate students enrolled into full time degree programmes in the University of Uyo for 2014/2015 academic session. The design of the study was survey design with ex-post facto approach. Random sampling technique was used to select 1730 students from the 12 faculties in the University. The instrument used for the study was ‘Students’ Social Networking and Attitude Questionnaire which was validated by an expert in curriculum studies and an expert in measurement and evaluation in the University of Uyo. Cronbach’s Alpha Statistical method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of .70 for the instrument. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer research questions; Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there is significant difference in involvement of university undergraduate students in Social Networking based on course of study, level (year) of study and age. Female undergraduate students’ involvement in social networking is higher than that of their male counterparts; but male undergraduate students showed a higher positive attitude towards integration of social networking into teaching and learning.&lt;/p&gt;

The Involvement of Girls and Boys with Bullying: An Analysis of Gender Differences

This exploratory and cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of bullying in a group of students and analyze the data regarding the gender of those involved in the violence. A questionnaire adapted from Olweus was applied in seven elementary education schools in Portugal. The sample consisted of 387 students between 7 and 14 years old. Data are presented in terms of descriptive statistics and differences between proportions were analyzed using chi-square tests. The gender analysis of victimization and aggression shows that boys and girls are both victims and aggressors, and there are significant differences in involvement in bullying between genders and the roles played. Boys are victims more often when considering different types of bullying, although significant differences were only found for physical aggression. Strategies that include gender roles are a priority for prevention and careful attention to this phenomenon in the school context. The questions addressed contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon, emphasizing the differential participation of boys and girls in bullying.

Impact of family type on involvement of adolescents in pre-marital sex

This study examined the impact of home type on involvement of in-school adolescents in premarital sex in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. This study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight students from four secondary schools were randomly selected, 128 (47.8%) were males and 148 (53%) were females. Their ages range from 16 to 19 years with the mean of 18.24 years. Only 186 (69%) have had sexual intercourse and 94 of them had only one sex partner while 92 had more than one sex partner. Two research instruments were developed for this study-attitude towards pre marital sex scale (ATPSS) and parent involvement questionnaire (PIQ). The findings revealed a significant effect of home type in prediction of adolescents’ involvement in premarital sex at r=0.569, r2 =0.347, f (1,218) = 56.47 and <0.05 significant level. There was a significant difference in involvement in premarital sex between adolescents from single parent and intact homes at X2-observed=22.46, 1 degree of freedom and p<0.05. It was concluded that parental involvement is paramount in adolescents’ premarital sexual behavior. It was recommended that government, religious bodies and individuals should uphold the sacred institution of marriage for wellbeing of our children. Key words: Premarital sex, adolescents, parental involvement.

364 Adapted Barkovich Scoring System (Adbarko) in Asphyxiated Full-Term Infants.

Aims: To develop an extended asphyxia-score based on ultrasound and MR-scan in order to gain further insight into the pathophysiology and to refine individual prognostication.Methods: Full-term infants born between January 2001 and February 2005, fullfilling criteria of Levene for asphyxia. Serial sonograms and MR-scan (T1, T2 and DWI) on day 4 or 5 post partum were used for designing a score of injury concerning the basal ganglia/thalamus (Bg/Thal) and (sub)cortex/white matter (Sc/Wm). Involvement of caudate and equivocal inversion of signal intensity in posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) were added. This score was compared with the Barkovich score (Barko) from which ours was derived. Bad outcome (cerebral palsy (CP) or death) was related to the scores.Results: 60 MR/ultrasound scans were scored. Whether or not neonates developed CP was examined at the minimum age of 18 months. 4 scans were normal as were the neonates. In 29 (48%) the scores differed from Barko. Bg/Thal were bilaterally affected in 39: 3 developed CP, 27 died . In 13, only Bg/Thal were affected (CP1,died5). A combination with Sc/Wm-injury was seen in 26: watershed injury (WI) in 5 (CP0,died2), extensive cortical lesions (ECL) in 20 (CP1,died18) or punctate white matter haemorrhage (PWMH) in 1. In 17 only the Sc/Wm was affected: WI in 5 (CP1,died0), ECL in 3 (CP0,died1) or PWMH in 4 (CP1,died1). In 5 isolated diffuse leukomalacia was seen (CP1,died1). There was a significant difference in involvement of caudate in severe (17/28) and mild (8/32) Sc/Wm-injury (p=0,005, Fisher's-exact-test).Conclusion: The adBarko includes new patterns. Among others isolated diffuse leukomalacia is seen with a pathophysiological mechanism of axonopathy rather than selective-neuronal-necrosis. There is a significant difference in involment of caudate in severe and mild Sc/Wm-injury. At this moment relation to outcome is difficult (many died or age under 18 months yet).

State Legislative Leaders' Contacts with National Legislative Organizations: Differences in Cosmopolitanism, Resources, and Political Environments

This paper examines possible relationships between state legislative leaders' contacts with national professional organizations, such as the Council of State Governments, and indicators of differences in cosmopolitanism, in‐state information resources, and political environments. The findings suggest that leaders in states with unified party control of the executive and legislative institutions are more involved with national organizations than leaders from states with divided party control. However, there are no significant differences in involvement among leaders in terms of other party measures: whether they are Democrats or Republicans, majority or minority leaders, institutional or party leaders, or the degree of inter‐party competition in their legislative chambers. Additionally, leaders from small states with fewer in‐state information resources and those from more cosmopolitan urban or moralistic political culture states are more intensively involved with national organizations.

Drugs and guns among inner-city high school students.

Despite public and governmental concern about the issue, little has occurred in the way of a systematic assessment of the gun-possession profiles of young persons involved in the use and distribution of drugs. This article reports the results of an analysis of survey data collected from male, inner-city high school students. The data pertain to firearms possession and carrying, use of heroin, cocaine, and crack, the sale of drugs, and commission of crimes with weapons. The findings offer no evidence of a progressive, linear relationship between level of drug use and gun possession (including number of guns owned and the routine carrying of guns). However, disregarding level of drug use, when non-users were compared with users, and "heavy" users were compared with those who did not use drugs "heavily," significant differences in involvement in gun possession did appear. As well, when we separated students who did not sell drugs from those who did, the latter generally exhibited higher involvement in gun possession. Finally, drug sellers who also committed crimes with weapons exceeded drug sellers who did not in involvement in some, but not all, types of gun possession.

Drug Activity and Firearms Possession and Use by Juveniles

Despite considerable public attention to the issue, little has occurred in the way of a systematic assessment of the gun-possession and gun-use profiles of young persons involved in the use and distribution of drugs. This article reports the results of an analysis of survey data collected from juveniles incarcerated in maximum security reformatories. The data pertain to firearms possession, carrying, and use, use of heroin, cocaine, and crack, the sale of drugs, and involvement in armed robbery. The findings offer no evidence of a progressive, linear relationship between level of drug use and gun possession (including number of guns owned and the routine carrying of guns) and use. However, disregarding level of drug use, when nonusers were compared with users who did not sell drugs, significant differences in involvement in gun possession and use did appear. Also, when we separated users who did not sell drugs from users who did, the latter generally displayed higher involvement in gun possession and use. Drug selling clearly increased gun-related behavior. Finally, drug users who also committed robberies exceeded drug users who did not in involvement in gun possession and use. Drug sellers who robbed similarly were higher in the same activities than sellers who did not.

Hsp60/chaperonin gene expression and differentiation of human colon adenocarcinoma and multipotent leukaemic cells

Elevated mitochondrial gene expression is an early event in the switch from proliferation to differentiation of the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT29, promoted by trehalose replacement of exogenous glucose. Here we report the isolation and elevated expression of hsp60, the gene encoding chaperonin, a mitochondrial protein required for assembly of mitochondrial and cellular proteins. In contrast to HT29, leukaemic cells (HL60 and K562) neither differentiated nor altered their mitochondrial gene expression after treatment with trehalose. However, differentiation of these cells, as promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate actually resulted in decreased levels of hsp60 mRNA expression as well as mitochondrial RNA expression, suggesting significant differences in involvement of mitochondria in the differentiation of these cell lineages.