Significant Differences In IgG Levels Research Articles

Study of Humoral Immunity against Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 in Vaccinated Individuals with Vaccines Available in the Republic of Belarus (Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), RF and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), PRC)

Relevance. Many countries around the world are developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The measure of the effectiveness of the vaccination process has traditionally been antibody production. The frequency and intensity of adverse reactions is also an important factor in making a decision regarding a vaccine. This study presents the results of the evaluation of the formation of humoral immunity and the occurrence of reactions in response to the administration of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), RF, and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), PRC. Aim. Analyze immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines used in the Republic of Belarus (Sputnik V and Sinopharm). Materials and methods. Evaluation of postvaccination immune response by enzyme immunoassay and differential enzyme immunoassay for class G immunoglobulins to S- and N-proteins SARS-CoV-2. Blood plasma of the study participants was used as biological material. Blood sampling was performed 3 times: immediately before the first vaccine dose, on day 42, and 6 months after the first vaccine dose. To evaluate the frequency and intensity of postvaccination reactions, study participants were questioned. Results. At 42 days after administration of both vaccines, antibody levels are rising, with a significantly higher quantitative IgG count for the Sputnik V vaccine. This trend is also observed 6 months after the first dose of both vaccines, both among those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and those without a history of COVID-19. The comparison of Sputnik V and Sinopharm vaccine groups in terms of IgG (BAU/ml) levels to S- and N-proteins revealed a statistically significant difference in IgG levels to S-protein: the Sputnik V vaccine group had significantly higher IgG levels to S-protein than the Sinopharm vaccine group (p = 0.0000196). The incidence of adverse reactions in this study was 45%. All reactions noted were mild to moderate in severity. The most common were soreness and redness at the injection site, elevated body temperature, and a combination of several reactions. The increased body temperature after vaccination was more common among those vaccinated with the Sputnik V vaccine. Conclusion. Compared to Sinopharm, Sputnik V vaccine produces higher antibody level. Adverse reactions were observed in both vaccinated groups. However, significant statistical differences were found with regard to fever in the Sputnik V vaccine group, which occurred more frequently.

Comparison of SARS-CoV2 IgG Antibody Levels in Health Workers with and without a History of COVID-19 Infection after Heterologous Vaccination at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread very quickly, has created crises in all aspects of life around the world. The administration of the COVID-19 heterologous vaccine in Indonesia is prioritized for high-risk groups, one of which is health workers. This study aimed to determine the comparison of quantitative IgG antibody levels for SARS CoV2 between health workers with and without a history of being infected with COVID-19 after heterology vaccination at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
 Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic observational study. A total of 64 subjects participated in this study. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software in univariate and bivariate.
 Results: SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody levels with and without a history of being infected with COVID-19 after heterologous vaccination did not find a significant difference in IgG levels between the two groups. However, the quantitative IgG levels of SARS-CoV2 in the infected history group were greater, namely 4834.25 AU/mL, compared to no history of COVID-19 infection of 3833.35 AU/mL
 Conclusion: There is a difference in the average SARS-CoV 2 IgG between subjects with a history of being infected with COVID-19 and without a history of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, although statistically, it is not significantly different.

Evaluation of IgM and IgG in COVID-19 Recovered Patients in Iraq.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a major threat to health care worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, understanding the role of immune mechanisms and humoral response is vital in this disease. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG) in COVID-19 recovered patients with age, gender, and severity of the disease. The duration of effect of antibody levels and protection against re-infection has also been evaluated in the patients. Three groups participated in this study; group 1: 0-14 days after recovery, group 2: 2 months after recovery, group 3: 3 months after recovery, group 4: 4-6 months after recovery, group 5: more than 6 months. The nasopharyngeal swab was used to confirm recovery by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique. IgM and IgG antibody levels were evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immuno Fluorescent Assay (ELIFA) technique. The results indicated that the IgM levels increased for one month during the seven days after infection and then decreased in most patients (P≤0.05). The mean of IgG in group 1 increased compared to those of other studied groups. A significant decrease was observed in group 2 compared to group 1, as well as in group 3 compared to groups 1, and 2. Also, a significant difference existed between group 4 compared to groups 1, 2, and 3. Finally, significant differences were noticed between group 5 compared to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (P≤0.05). No significant differences were observed in antibodies level between male, and female COVID-19 recovered patients in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (P≤0.05). Finally, highly significant differences in IgG levels between mild, moderate, and severe subgroups in groups 1 and 2. The present study demonstrated that IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 appeared in the early stages of the disease and decreased after 1 month and failed to maintain high levels during the 6-month observation.

Antibody responses of periodontitis patients to gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Arginine- and lysine-specific cysteine proteinases (arg-gingipain: Rgp, lys-gingipain: Kgp) are major virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Recent reports have suggested that antibodies against gingipains can play a protective role against infection by P. gingivalis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the IgG responses of patients with periodontitis to functional domains of gingipains. A group of 29 periodontitis patients and 10 periodontally healthy subjects (control group) were recruited into this study. We prepared three recombinant fragments of rgp A (catalytic domain; r-Rgp CAT) and two hemagglutinin domains (r-Rgp 44, and r-Rgps 15-27) corresponding to amino acid residues 228 to 719, 720 to 1136, and 1137 to 1704, respectively. One fragment of the Kgp catalytic domain (r-Kgp CAT) corresponding to amino acid residues 229 to 737 and expressed in Escherichia coli was also used. IgG antibody levels to these recombinant proteins in sera from the subjects were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that IgG levels against r-Rgp 44 and r-Rgps 15-27 in sera obtained from the patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P<0.01). In contrast, no significant differences in IgG levels against r-Rgp CAT and r-Kgp CAT were found between the control and patient groups. The IgG responses to P. gingivalis sonic extracts, r-Rgp 44 and r-Rgps 15-27, were related to probing depth in sera from patients, but those to r-Rgp CAT and r-Kgp CAT were not. The present findings suggest that the low responsiveness of IgG antibody against the catalytic domains of gingipain, r-Rgp CAT, and r-Kgp CAT is a key factor in infection by P. gingivalis.

Altered Carbohydrate Content of Alpha&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-Antitrypsin in Patients With Cancer

The glycosylation of IgG and alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) was studied by their precipitation with concanavalin A in a codified serum panel from the National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, Md.) and the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minn.). The serum panel was composed of samples from 98 patients with cancer of the lung, prostate gland, or gastrointestinal tract, 50 samples from patients with benign inflammatory diseases from the same organs as those of the cancer patients, and 41 samples from apparently healthy smokers. The assay for alpha1-AT revealed statistically significant differences in levels between the patients with cancer, the patients with benign diseases, and the smokers. However, tests revealed no statistically significant difference in IgG levels among the three groups. These results suggest that cancer may alter the glycosylation of alpha1-AT. The possibility remains that the test for alpha1-AT can detect genetic differences among individuals, but studies of families are needed before a final conclusion can be made.

Immunoglobulins in human aqueous humour.

The immunoglobulin concentrations in human aqueous humour from 44 patients aged 35 to 85 years with cataracts were measured by a standard immunodiffusion method. IgG was found in all the samples (mean level 7-0 mg/100 ml. IgD, IgA or IgM could not be detected. There was no significant difference in IgG levels in aqueous humour between the two sexes, in different age groups, and in the different types of cataracts.