Significant Differences In Waist Circumference Research Articles

Effect of education and diet programs on changes in body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference in adult obesity

Obesity is a major risk factor for the emergence of degenerative diseases. Screening results for UHAMKA lecturers and education staff in 2021 showed that 31.1% and 57.2% were obese based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This study aims to analyze the effect of nutritional education and diet programs on weight loss, BMI, and WC. This is experimental research One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The intervention provided was nutritional education and a diet program in the form of reducing energy by 500 kcal/day and providing lunch for 6 consecutive days. The variables measured were body weight, BMI, WC, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of balanced nutrition. Attitude and behavior variables on balanced nutrition were assessed using a questionnaire. A 24-hour recall was carried out to see the subjects' eating patterns before and after the intervention. The statistical tests used were the Wilxocon test and Paired t test to see differences in BMI, WC, attitudes, and behavior on balanced nutrition before and after the intervention. The research results showed that there was an average reduction in body weight, BMI, and WC. The results of statistical tests using the paired t test showed that there was a significant difference in WC before and after the intervention (p=0.000). Female subjects showed significant differences in body weight, BMI, and WC. It was found that there was an increase in knowledge scores, attitudes, and behavior of balanced nutrition. Education and diet programs influenced changes in the nutritional status of subjects.

Clinical observation of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and metformin treatment in obese PCOS patients.

To observe the basic metabolic characteristics of obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and observe and compare the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and metformin treatment after 3 months. In January to December 2018, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University selected 104 women who were classified as obese with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/cm2 or higher and had PCOS. They were divided into obese PCOS group (53 cases) and obese non-PCOS group (51 cases). 1. There was no significant difference in waist circumference and WHR between patients who are obese with PCOS and patients who are obese without PCOS (P > 0.05). Obese PCOS patients were significantly higher in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), LH/FSH, T, FAI, homa-ir, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), Apo-B and uric acid than the group of non-PCOS patients who were obese. (P<0.05). The SHBG levels of obese patients with PCOS were obviously lower when contrasted with the levels in obese patients without PCOS (P < 0.05). 2. Body weight, BMI, INS, homa-ir and TG of obese PCOS patients were significantly decreased 3 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy compared with that before surgery (P < 0.05). After three months of medical treatment with metformin, the patients' homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was obviously reduced when contrasted with the pre-treatment HOMA-IR levels (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the improvement degree of homa-ir between the two groups (P > 0.05). 1. Obese patients with PCOS demonstrated higher expression of AMH, LH/FSH, T, SHBG, and FAI when contrasted with the control group. Additionally, they experienced more severe insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders. 2. The weight and BMI of obese PCOS patients were significantly decreased after weight loss, while IR and blood lipid were significantly improved, while IR was improved in metformin group, and no significant discrepancy was observed in the degree of improvement of insulin resistance between both groups.

Weight reduction and dietary improvements in a cluster-randomised controlled trial for adults with intellectual disabilities.

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) have an increased risk of obesity and health concerns related to their nutritional status and dietary intake. To assess the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention on weight, waist circumference (WC), clinical health parameters and dietary habits in a group of overweight and obese adults with mild-to-moderate ID. A 7-month cluster-randomised trial and a 7-month follow-up of the intervention group after the end of intervention when the group received usual care. The intervention consisted of monthly dietary-group courses tailored to the participants' cognitive abilities and practical skills, monthly nutritional courses for staff, use of behaviour change techniques and nudging. The control group received usual care during the intervention. There were 32 participants aged 22-61 years: 15 in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. After 7 months, a non-significant weight difference (median difference = -1.25 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.00; 0.95 vs. +1.00 kg; CI = -1.15; 3.00, P = 0.08) and a significant WC difference were observed between the intervention and control groups (median difference = -3.75 cm; CI: -7.68; 0.11 vs. 0 cm; CI = -3.99; 1.00, P = 0.03), respectively. The median reduction in WC continued in the intervention group during the 7-month follow-up (median difference = -7.50 cm; CI: -13.57; -3.16, P = 0.002). A significant difference in frequency intake of fruit (P = 0.03) and berries (P = 0.004) was observed between the groups after 7 months, supported by a significant increase in measured serum-carotenoid levels in the intervention group after 7 months (median difference = 0.26 mmol/L; CI: -0.12; 0.52, P = 0.007). A significant difference in WC was observed between the groups, accompanied by changes in blood parameters and dietary habits.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Objectives To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and to explore the metabolic profile of Chinese women with POI. Methods 118 POI women aged 20-38 years and 151 age-and-BMI-matched control women were recruited. Measurements included body height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), blood pressure, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS). Prevalence and components of MetS and metabolic indices were compared between the two groups. Results The prevalence of MetS in POI women and age-and-BMI-matched control women was 16.9% and 11.3%, respectively, which was not significantly different (p > .05). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting glucose was significantly higher in POI than control (17.8% vs. 9.3%, p = .039; 16.9% vs. 6.6%, p = .008), without significant differences in the prevalence of other components of MetS (p > .05). The levels of TG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in POI were significantly higher than in control (p < .05) but without significant differences in WC, WHR, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FPG (p > .05). HOMA-IR was positively correlated with WC, DBP, TG, and FPG and negatively correlated with HDL-C in both POI women and control (p < .05). Conclusions POI women presented with more unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors (higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting glucose; higher TG, FINS, and HOMA-IR). So, women diagnosed with POI should always be covered with special care of metabolic profile.

Japanese traditional Kampo medicine bofutsushosan improves body mass index in participants with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundThe number of people with obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Since obesity is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and mortality, the management of obesity is an urgent issue. However, anti-obesity drugs are insufficient in current clinical settings. Bofutsushosan (BTS, Fang-Feng-Tong-Sheng-San in China) is a traditional Japanese Kampo formula for patients with obesity. Recent basic studies have indicated that BTS potentially improves the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it is still unknown whether BTS clinically reduces body mass index (BMI) in patients with obesity.MethodsWe searched electronic databases, including the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Japanese/Chinese/Korean databases, on June 15, 2021. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of BTS on BMI, waist circumference, glycolipid metabolism, and blood pressure in participants with obesity. The primary outcome was change in BMI.ResultsWe included seven studies and 679 participants (351 in the BTS group and 328 in the control group). In participants with obesity, BTS significantly reduced BMI relative to controls (mean difference, MD [95% confidence interval]: −0.52 kg/m2 [−0.86, −0.18], P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in waist circumference, glycolipid parameters, or blood pressure. Sensitivity analyses showed robust outcomes for the primary endpoint, although the heterogeneity was considerable. Moreover, no serious adverse events were observed in the BTS group.ConclusionBTS showed a potential benefit in safely and tolerably improving BMI in participants with obesity.

Effect of waist circumference and body mass index on the level of spinal anesthesia

BackgroundWe aimed to determine the effects of waist circumference and body mass index on spinal anesthesia levels. In total, 120 surgical patients who were between 18 and 65 years old and in the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) I–III risk groups enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into three groups, depending on their weight. After a spinal block, we noted the time needed for the sensory block to reach the T10 level, the maximum sensory block level, the time needed for the sensory block to reach the maximum sensory block level, the time needed before the start of the motor block, and the Bromage scale for each patient.ResultsWe observed no significant demographic differences in age, gender, or ASA risk class between the groups; however, we found a statistically significant difference between the groups’ BMIs and waist circumferences. For the time needed for the spinal block to reach the T10 level, we observed a statistically significant difference between groups I, II, and III, and we also found a statistically significant difference between the groups’ comparing Bromage scales. Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference between the groups’ time needed (in minutes) for the block to reach the maximal upper dermatomal block level and, as BMIs and waist circumferences increased, the time needed to reach the maximal upper dermatomal block level. We also noted a statistically significant difference in waist circumference variability.ConclusionsThis study shows that body mass index and waist circumference can be used and interpreted as independent parameters reflecting the increasing incidence of obesity.

Relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors, health behavior and physical fitness according to visceral fat in older men

Background: Obesity in older adults is increasing. The two types of fat involved in obesity are subcutaneous and visceral fat. We investigated the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, health-related behaviors, and physical fitness based on the level of visceral fat in older men. Methods: Data from 1219 men aged ≥65 years who underwent health checkups at Korean hospitals from 2012 to 2020 were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) data was used to divide participants into low visceral fat area (LVFA) and high visceral fat area (HVFA) groups. Cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, triglyceride level, high-density cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Bio-impedance analysis was used for body composition, and arteriosclerosis was tested by brachial artery pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Physical activity, exercise type, smoking, and alcohol consumption were investigated and cardiorespiratory fitness, grip strength, leg strength, flexibility, balance, and agility were determined. The odds ratio (OR) of HVFA was calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: HVFA and LVFA groups exhibited significant differences in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, glucose, baPWV, weekly physical activity, aerobic exercise, and alcohol consumption. Compared to the high fitness group, the low fitness group had an increased OR for HVFA; cardiorespiratory fitness (OR 3.563), grip strength (OR 2.365), leg strength (OR 4.145), and flexibility (OR 2.523). The group with low aerobic and strength training frequency increased OR by 2.5 and 3.2 times compared to the low frequency group, respectively. The OR of HVFA increased 2.8 times in the group which consumed alcohol more than 4 days a week compared to the group with consumption less than monthly. Conclusions: Men with HVFA exhibited lower levels of physical activity, more alcohol consumption, and lower levels of fitness than those with LVFA. Moreover, low levels of fitness, physical activity, and high alcohol consumption increased the risk of HVFA.

Antioxidant-Rich Dietary Intervention Improves Cardiometabolic Profiles and Arterial Stiffness in Elderly Koreans with Metabolic Syndrome.

PurposeOxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic metabolic diseases. This study investigated the effect of the antioxidant-rich dietary intervention on oxidative stress, metabolic parameters, and arterial stiffness in elderly Koreans with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Materials and MethodsThirty-one subjects with MetS were enrolled and randomly divided into dietary intervention group and control group. Subjects in the intervention group received three meal boxes prepared with antioxidant-rich ingredients every day for 4 weeks, and subjects in the control group maintained their usual diets. Anthropometric and various biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and MetS were assessed. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and fat measurement using computed tomography were also conducted before and after 4 weeks.ResultsThere were significant differences in waist circumference, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, lipid peroxidation, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid parameters, advanced glycation end products, and baPWV between before and after the study in the experimental group (all p<0.05). Significant inter-group differences were observed between the experimental and control group in terms of the differences in body mass index, waist circumference, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, protein carboxylation, lipid peroxidation, oxLDL, blood pressure, lipid parameters, and baPWV between before and after the study (all p<0.05).ConclusionAntioxidant-rich dietary intervention for a 4-week period ameliorated the state of oxidative stress and improved the components of MetS including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and arterial stiffness in elderly Koreans with MetS.

FEATURES OF INSULIN RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH HYPERURICEMIA

Topicality. The link between hyperuricemia (HUA) and insulin resistance (IR) has been established in many studies, but the traditional «insulin» indices used to assess the severity of IR, although there are the most informative, sensitive and specific, have not been widely used in clinical practice. The aim of the research is to evaluate the possibility to use calculated «non-insulin» indices in clinical practice to assess IR in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with HUA. Materials and methods. We examined 395 patients with type 2 diabetes (231 women and 164 men) aged 39 to 81 years, the average — (54.6 ± 12.9) years, who received oral hypoglycemic therapy. Anthropometric indicators were determined — waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). The author determined the level of fasting blood glucose in capillary blood by glucose oxidase method, the concentration of uric acid (SUA) in the serum, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) — by colorimetric method; immunoreactive insulin — by immunochemiluminescent method. The IR severity was assessed by indices HOMA-IR, QUICKI, Caro, visceral obesity index (AVI), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG-index), TyG-BMI index, TyG-WC index, metabolic index (MI) and the ratio of TG/cholesterol-HDL (TG/HDL-C-ratio). Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the software package «Statgraphics Plus for Windows 10.0». Results. Between groups of patients with T2DM on the concentration of SUA in the blood the author found significant differences in WC, BMI and TG level, which affected the calculated «non-insulin» indices: AVI (P = 0.026), TyG-index (P = 0.04), TyG-BMI-index (P = 0.001), TyG-WC index (P = 0.037) and MI (P = 0.03). A positive correlation between HOMA-IR and MI (rs = 0.44, P = 0.0006) and AVI (rs = 0.28, P = 0.01) was established; QUICKI with MI (rs = 0.32, P = 0.012), TyG-index (rs = 0.29, P = 0.02), TyG-BMI index (rs = 0.25, P = 0.04), TyG-WC index (rs = 0.34, P = 0.004) and AVI (rs = 0.31, P = 0.01). It has been determined that the Caro index at the trend level positively correlates with the TyG-index (rs = 0.23, P = 0.065). Among the studied calculated «non-insulin» indices in patients with T2DM with the concentration of SUA in the blood are significantly associated with TyG-index (rs = 0.19; P = 0.0034), TyG-BMI index (rs = 0.43; P = 0.0001), TyG-WC index (rs = 0.44; P = 0.00001), MI (rs = -0.17; P = 0.012) and TG/HDL-C-ratio (rs = 0.15); P = 0.011). Conclusions. the author established a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and MI and AVI in patients with T2DM with SUA; QUICKI with MI, TyG-index, TyG-BMI-index, TyG-WC-index and AVI. Among the calculated «non-insulin» IR indices with the concentration of SUA in patients with T2DM are significantly associated with TyG-index, TyG-BMI-index, TyG-WC-index, MI and TyG/HS-HDL. To adequately assess the severity of IR in patients with T2DM with HUA, it is advisable to use TyG-index, TyG-BMI-index, TyG-WC-index, MI and TG/HS-HDL.

12주간 태권도 품새 수련이 비만 남자 대학생의 신체조성, 체력 및 대사증후군 위험요인에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Taekwondo Poomsae training programs on body composition, physical strength, and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in obese male college students. There were 20 university students who were randomly chosen in Gyeonggi Province and divided into two groups of Taekwondo Poomsae training program Group (N=10) and Control Group (N=10). Their body mass index was ≥25kg/㎡. The collected data were verified using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni. The significant level of all statistical analysis was set to α=.05. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was no significant difference in lean mass. However, it statistically showed significant differences in terms of weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and body fat percentage. Second, there were statistically improved and positive effects in muscle strength, agility, quickness, and balance but there were not found significant difference in flexibility. Third, there was no significant difference in blood pressure and blood sugar. Yet, it had a positive effect and significant difference in waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statistical decreasing.<BR> In conclusion, Taekwondo Poomsae Training Program of 12 weeks for obese male college students positively affects on weight loss, improvement of physical strength, and risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

Breastfeeding Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes in the Early Postpartum Period

Introduction: Women with gestational diabetes (GD) are at increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. The identification of factors that reduce metabolic syndrome (MetS) is important to improve cardiovascular outcomes. MetS has been shown to be associated with breastfeeding in women remote from pregnancy. We examined the association of breastfeeding with MetS in women with recent GD in the very early postpartum (pp) period. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the Balance After Baby (BAB) program which enrolled women with recent GD. GD was defined by Carpenter-Coustan criteria, a 50 gram glucose load test >200 mg/dL or by clinician diagnosis. Data collected during an early (~6 weeks) pp visit was used in this analysis. At this visit, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid panel were obtained. MetS was classified per NCEP III. We defined breastfeeding as currently breastfeeding or not currently breastfeeding. We performed Student’s t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests as appropriate, and fit logistic and linear regression models. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, low household income, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weeks since delivery. An exploratory model further adjusted for postpartum weight retention. Results: Of 181 women enrolled in BAB, 178 were included in this analysis (3 excluded for missing lipid panels). The mean (± SD) age of participants was 33 ± 5 years and were 8.0 ± 1.8 weeks since delivery. Thirty-four % were Hispanic. Of non-Hispanics, 31.5% were White, 18.5% Asian and 12.9% Black/African American. The prevalence of MetS was 42.9% in women not breastfeeding versus 17.1% in women breastfeeding (P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.16 [95% CI 0.06–0.41]). Breastfeeding women had significantly lower odds of FPG ≥100 mg/dL (aOR 0.36 [95% CI 0.14–0.95], p=0.039), HDL <50 mg/dL (aOR 0.19 [95% CI 0.08–0.46], p<0.001), and triglycerides (TG) ≥150 mg/dL (aOR 0.26 [95% CI 0.10–0.66], p=0.005). There was no significant difference in WC or BP between groups. All ORs remained significant after adjusting for weight retention. When evaluated as continuous variables, WC, FPG, and TG were significantly lower and HDL significantly higher in women breastfeeding in the early pp period (vs not breastfeeding). Conclusion: In a diverse population of women with recent GD, there was a lower prevalence of MetS in women breastfeeding compared to those not breastfeeding in the early postpartum period. This study extends the findings of an association of breastfeeding with MetS previously reported at times remote from pregnancy. Further studies are needed to determine if there is a protective role of breastfeeding on the risk of MetS.

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Grip Strength in Teenagers.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is increasing. Recently, the relevance of grip strength as a factor of metabolic syndrome in this population has raised questions. This study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to grip strength in children and adolescents using large-scale data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS). From 2014 to 2018, 1527 boys and 1292 girls participated in the KNHNS. The participants were classified into three groups according to age: 10–12 years (early teenager, ET), 13–15 years (middle teenager, MT), and 16–18 years (late teenager, LT). The participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome if they fulfilled three of the adolescent metabolic syndrome criteria. The grip strength was divided into groups with high and low grip strength, respectively, and the cutoff value for the prevalence was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. There were significant differences in waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels based on grip strength in the ET, MT, and LT groups. Therefore, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was lower when grip strength was higher. The cut-off values of the relative grip strength (kg/body weight) to predict metabolic syndrome among boys were 0.349, 0.466, and 0.485 for the ET, MT, and LT groups, respectively. The corresponding cut-off values for girls were 0.373, 0.383, and 0.382, respectively. In conclusion, there is a non-linear relationship between grip strength and metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

Correlation Between Daily Energy Intake from Fat with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation between the percentage of daily energy intake from fat (PEF) with insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 186 females with PCOS were screened. Daily dietary intake data were collected by a trained nutritionist using the 24-h dietary recall method over three consecutive days. A total of 111 subjects who had complete data were divided into two groups based on the percentage of daily energy intake from fat (PEF): the normal PEF (NPEF) group (PEF < 30%) and the high PEF (HPEF) group (PEF ≥ 30%). Pearson’s correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation of PEF with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsThe total prevalence rate of overweight/obesity was 80.2%. There were significant differences in waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) among the normal weight, the overweight, and the obese groups, but no significant differences were observed in total energy and dietary macronutrients intake in the three groups. The daily intake of fat and protein, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR in the NPEF group were significantly higher than those in the HPEF group. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed PEF in PCOS women was negatively correlated with BMI (r= −0.189, p=0.047) and HOMA-IR (log-transformed) (r= −0.217, p=0.022). Further, stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed PEF was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (p<0.05).ConclusionThe percentage of daily energy intake from fat is negatively correlated with IR in women with PCOS.

Evaluation of the Association between Acne Vulgaris and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents at Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Acne vulgaris is an epidemic inflammatory disease of the human sebaceous follicle and represents the most common skin disease affecting about 85% of adolescents. Until recently, very little was known about the link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and skin diseases. Over the past several years, it has been reported that MetS is potentially associated with numerous dermatological conditions, of which acne vulgaris. Objective: To determine the relation between acne vulgaris and metabolic syndrome in adolescent males and females with different severities of acne vulgaris. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study on acne vulgaris patients, carried out in the outpatient clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine of Zagazig University Hospitals in the period from October 2017 to August 2018. This study included 60 patients of acne vulgaris of both sexes aged 10-19 years old. Results: We found no statistically significant difference in age and sex between different patients with different disease severity. Also, no significant difference in fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, and blood pressure between different patients with different disease severity. There was a statistically significant difference in waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure only. There was no significant correlation between disease severity and metabolic syndrome criteria in the studied group. Conclusion: Face is the commonest site affected. No association was found between acne vulgaris and metabolic syndrome in our study. No significant difference between different patients with different disease severity and (laboratory data, blood pressure).

The effects of aerobic training, resistance training, combined training, and healthy eating recommendations on lipid profile and body mass index in overweight and obese children and adolescents: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training, resistance training (RT), combined training, and nutritional recommendations on lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in obese and overweight children and adolescents.METHODSThis randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 120 children and adolescents (10-19 years of age) with overweight and obesity. Participants were divided into 4 groups, the 3 intervention groups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), RT, and combined training, and 1 non-exercising control group with healthy eating recommendations. We considered 24 sessions of training during 8 weeks for the intervention groups. The participants’ anthropometric indices and lipid profile were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the groups in terms of anthropometric indices and lipid profiles before the intervention. After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level; the control group (37.70 ± 9.45) and the HIIT group (43.65 ± 9.09) displayed the lowest and highest mean, respectively (P = 0.040). Comparison of physical variables and blood lipid profiles before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in waist circumference (P = 0.030), hip circumference (P ≤ 0.001), and HDL level (P = 0.040) in RT, HIIT, combined, and control groups.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that the combined training program and HIIT program with nutritional recommendations in overweight and obese children and adolescents were more effective in reducing BMI and hip circumference, respectively.

Gender, BMI and fasting hyperglycaemia influence Monocyte to-HDL ratio (MHR) index in metabolic subjects.

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state causing an alteration of non-invasive indexes derived from blood count, namely monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). We analyse a population of 771 subjects (394 controls and 377 MS patients) to evaluate the best predictive index of MS. The diagnosis of MS was made according to the 2006 criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). We performed ROC curve analyses to evaluate the best predictor index of MS. MHR cut-off value was used to classify the population in two different groups and to create the outcome variable of the Recursive Partitioning and Amalgamation (RECPAM) analysis. This method is a tree-structured approach that defines "risk profiles" for each group of dichotomous variables. We showed that MHR index is significantly linked to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). ROC curve defined an MHR cut-off value of 6.4, which was able to identify two patient groups with significant differences in waist circumference, blood pressure, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and fasting plasma glucose. RECPAM analysis demonstrated that gender, BMI categorization and hyperglycaemia were the most important risk determinants of increased MHR index that can be considered bona fide a useful and easily obtainable tool to suggest the presence of peculiar metabolic features that predict MS.

Effectiveness of Steamed Brownies Base on Fermented Black Glutinous Rice on Decreased Waist Circumference in Abdominal Obesity

Consumption of fiber and anthocyanins can decrease waist circumference and weight by lowering body fat levels. Steamed brownies base on fermented black glutinous rice is one of the cereals with high antioxidants, bioactive compounds, and fiber. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the effectiveness of steamed brownies based on fermented black glutinous rice on decreased waist circumference in abdominal obesity. The design of this research was experimental using two groups pre and post-test with control experimental design. The population in this research was adult women (35-50 years) in Pasirkaliki Village, North Cimahi Subdistrict, Cimahi City, with 40 samples. The intervention group was given steamed brownies base on fermented black glutinous rice, one puck (30 grams), and low-calorie diet education. The control group was given a low-calorie diet education. Statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test showed that there was a significant difference in waist circumference decreased at the beginning and the end of the research with p-value &lt;0,001. Mann-Whitney test showed that there was an effect in steamed brownies base on fermented black glutinous rice giving to decrease waist circumference with p-value &lt; 0,001. Steamed brownies base on fermented black glutinous rice can be as an alternative food for decreasing waist circumference.

Frequency of Hypogonadism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease.

IntroductionHypogonadism is characterized by clinical and biochemical evidence of testosterone deficiency. Low testosterone levels have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can predispose to coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been proposed that diabetic men with proven CAD have lower androgen levels than patients with normal coronary arteriograms. We conducted this study with the objective to determine the frequency of hypogonadism in patients with diabetes mellitus and its relationship with CAD.Materials and MethodsIt was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. We recruited a total of 108 patients, divided into two groups, 54 patients in each arm of the study. Group A comprised patients with CAD, whereas group B consisted of diabetic patients without CAD. Hypogonadism was defined on the basis of erectile dysfunction clinically and total testosterone levels biochemically. CAD was diagnosed on the basis of findings of coronary angiography. Fasting blood samples were drawn and evaluated for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, fasting lipid profile, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum prolactin, blood urea, serum creatinine, liver function tests (LFT), total testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Hypogonadism among two study groups was compared using chi-square and serum testosterone level was compared using independent t-test with p < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.ResultsThere were 108 subjects in the study with the mean age of 54.4 ± 4.29 (range: 22 to 68) years. The mean duration of T2DM was 12.6 ± 8.2 years. The mean BMI of patients with and without CAD was 25.7 ± 2.37 and 26.9 ± 4.21 kg/m2, respectively. There was no significant difference in waist circumference and obesity between both the groups (p-value > 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in both groups were not significantly different. Testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction score were found lower in T2DM with CAD compared to T2DM patients without CAD, although this difference was not statistically significant (p-value: 0.051). The majority of the subjects with hypogonadism in both groups had a hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (39/42, 92.9% versus 16/20, 80.0%). No statistically significant difference was seen in serum levels of LH and FSH between the study groups. The frequency of hypogonadism was found higher in the group with CAD (72.2%, 39/54) as compared with T2DM patients without CAD (37.03%, 20/54; p-value = 0.000). ConclusionTestosterone deficiency is a significant problem of males with T2DM. Patients with CAD have markedly low levels of testosterone as compared with patients without any CAD.

Is there a soft drink vs. alcohol seesaw? A cross-sectional analysis of dietary data in the Australian Health Survey 2011-12.

Previous studies in older Australians have reported higher alcohol intake in those with low added sugar intake, yet the relationship between energy in liquid form [alcoholic beverages vs. sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)] and measures of obesity has not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the association between the energy derived from SSB and alcoholic beverages, and to model the association between the substitution of SSB with alcoholic beverages and waist circumference. In this cross-sectional analysis, dietary data from the Australian Health Survey 2011-12 were analyzed. Participants with implausible dietary intake were excluded by applying the Goldberg cut-off. Usual SSB intake of adults ≥ 19years old was estimated using the Multiple Source Method and participants were classified into zero-, low- or high-SSB consumers according to their usual SSB intake. Energy from alcoholic beverages in the three SSB consumption groups was compared using multivariable general linear models. A substitution model was used to assess the association between the replacement of SSB with alcoholic beverages and waist circumference. Zero-SSB consumers made up 33% of the included participants. In all age groups, zero-SSB consumers had significantly higher energy intakes from alcoholic beverages than low- and high-SSB consumers. Low- and high-SSB consumers had similar consumption of alcoholic beverages. Substituting SSB intake with alcoholic beverage intake was not associated with significant differences in waist circumference in most age groups. Australian adults who avoid SSB are common but consume substantially more energy in the form of alcoholic beverages. An increase in alcoholic beverage intake could be an 'unintended consequence' of strictly discouraging SSB consumption.

The Role of Energy Intake on Fitness-Adjusted Racial/Ethnic Differences in Central Adiposity Using Quantile Regression.

Energy intake (EI) is suggested to be associated with adiposity and may explain previously observed fitness-adjusted racial disparities in waist circumference (WC). The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the role of EI on the fitness-adjusted racial/ethnic disparities in WC in a nationally representative sample of females using quantile regression. Our sample consisted of 3874 female participants (aged 12 to 49years) from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The role of EI was assessed in separate analyses via estimation using a 24-hour dietary recall (DR) and the Institute of Medicine total daily energy expenditure equations. Age-stratified quantile regression models were used to estimate the differences in WC between minority groups and non-Hispanic (NH) white, adjusting for EI, CRF, age, and height. Results from the quantile regression analyses adjusting for EI via DR showed significant differences in WC between NH black and NH white at the 25th-90th WC percentiles (5.9-11.1cm) for females 20-49 and at the 90th WC percentile (10.1cm) for females 16-19. For females 12-15, no significant differences were observed between NH black and NH white. Analyses adjusting for EI via IOM showed significant differences in WC between NH black and NH white only for females aged 20-49years, at the 50th and 75th percentile (1.7-3.6cm). Compared to NH White, Mexican American females, in all age groups, tended to have significantly greater WC. These results highlight the importance of rigor in energy intake assessments, suggesting that EI, if adequately assessed, may explain a substantial part of the racial/ethnic differences in WC between NH black and NH white females. Additionally, the observed persistence of estimated differences in WC with advancing age suggests other factors (e.g., hormones) may play a role.