Significant Differences In Values Research Articles

Prognostic Analysis of NLR, PLR, and, LMR in Osteosarcoma at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital

Osteosarcoma is a primary pediatric bone malignancy with an annual incidence of 5.6 cases per million children under the age of 15. The high mortality rate leads to necessary for prognostic biomarkers of the disease. NLR, PLR, and LMR can be considered as prognostic predictors of osteosarcoma patients. This study aimed to determine the difference and correlation between NLR, PLR, and LMR based on grade and outcome in osteosarcoma patients. The study used medical record data from 122 osteosarcoma patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Samples were grouped by stage according to Enneking criteria (Grade I, II, and III) and by outcome (deceased and not deceased), then analyzed based on NLR, PLR, and LMR values using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test (significant if p<0.05). There was a significant difference in NLR, PLR, and LMR values by grade, (p=0.05). There was a significant difference in the value of NLR, and LMR based on output (p=0.00), but not in PLR (p=0.954). There was a correlation between the values of NLR, PLR, and LMR and the stage of osteosarcoma (p=0.05). Based on the outcome, a correlation with the NLR and LMR values was obtained (p=0.00), but there was no correlation with the PLR value (p=0.955). Cut-off NLR, PLR, and LMR were 4.43; 0.21; and 0.44, respectively, with sensitivity of 76%, 56%, and 76% and a specificity of 76%, 63.9%, and 68%, respectively. There were differences in NLR, PLR, and LMR values based on the stage and outcome of osteosarcoma. Higher NLR, PLR, and LMR values will lead to a higher stage of osteosarcoma and a worse outcome. Cut-off NLR, PLR, and LMR optimal for distinguishing stage of osteosarcoma were 4.43; 0.21, and 0.44, respectively.

Effects of Oil Pulling and Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse on the Force Decay of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

Oil pulling is a traditional Indian folk remedy for maintaining oral hygiene among orthodontic patients. This study aimed to assess the effects of oil pulling and compare them with those of chlorhexidine (CHX) and distilled water on the force decay of elastomeric chains. Twenty-one samples were tested in three groups. Each of these groups contained seven samples per group. The samples evaluated contained distilled water, 0.2% CHX, and sesame oil. The samples were dipped in various mouth rinses, and force degradation was measured using a dynamometer (dynamic universal testing machine, Instron 8801, Instron, Norwood, MA) during days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The significance level was considered at 1%. Force degradation was observed more in distilled water, followed by sesame oil, and less in CHX at the end of 28 days. Significant differences in values (p < 0.01) were found among the three groups in all the timelines in the study except on days 14 and 21. Chlorhexidine showed the least amount of force decay, followed by oil pulling and distilled water. However, if oil pulling is practiced daily as a household remedy along with regular oral hygiene practices, it can save time and money and enhance general health.

The Effect of Self-Management Application on Academic Procrastination in Nursing Students at STIKep PPNI West Java

Aims: To determine the effect of self-management applications on academic procrastination in nursing students at STIKep PPNI West Java. Methods: This study used a quantitative quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The number of respondents was 60 with sampling using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique consisting of 30 intervention groups and 30 control groups, with inclusion criteria for undergraduate nursing students. The instrument used was the Tuckman Procrastination Scale. Univariate analysis used mean, SD, min, max and bivariate analysis using paired sample t test and independent sample t test. Results: Based on the results of the paired sample t-test, the p-value is 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) and the independent sample t-test has a p-value of 0.000 (p &lt;0.05), which means that there is a significant differences in value between the intervention groups and the control group so that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Conclusions: The study found a significant reduction in academic procrastination in the intervention group compared to the control group, due to structured self-management. The intervention group experienced better behavioral changes, while the control group experienced a decrease. The study also found significant differences in self-management implementation through four stages: self-monitoring, self-contracting, stimulus control, and self-reinforcement.

Color Analysis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Study with Cherry Angiomas, Hemangiomas, Basal Cell Carcinomas, and Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is recognized as one of the most malignant skin tumors. Its rarity might explain the limited exploration of digital color studies in this area. The objective of this study was to delineate color alterations in MCCs compared to benign lesions resembling MCC, such as cherry angiomas and hemangiomas, along with other non-melanoma skin cancer lesions like basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), utilizing computer-aided digital color analysis. This was a retrospective study where clinical images of the color of the lesion and adjacent normal skin from 11 patients with primary MCC, 11 patients with cherry angiomas, 12 patients with hemangiomas, and 12 patients with BCC/SCC (totaling 46 patients) were analyzed using the RGB (red, green, and blue) and the CIE Lab color system. The Lab color system aided in estimating the Individual Typology Angle (ITA) change in the skin, and these results are documented in this study. It was demonstrated that the estimation of color components can assist in the differential diagnosis of these types of lesions because there were significant differences in color parameters between MCC and other categories of skin lesions such as hemangiomas, common skin carcinomas, and cherry hemangiomas. Significant differences in values were observed in the blue color of RGB (p = 0.003) and the b* parameter of Lab color (p < 0.0001) of MCC versus cherry angiomas. Similarly, the mean a* value of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) compared to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Larger prospective studies are warranted to further validate the clinical application of these findings.

In vitro study on the sealing effect of different shapes of cuff tracheal tubes under the lowest safe pressure

To compare the effectiveness of cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff catheters for airway closure using different pressure measurement methods at the lowest safe pressure and to guide the clinical application. Twenty-four patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from December 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled. Leakage test in vitro was performed on the secretion on the patients' cuff. The needle and plunger from 20 mL syringe was separated, the syringe was sealed with adhesive, and the syringe nozzle was filled thoroughly to create a tracheal model. Consecutively, both cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff catheters were inserted into the simulated trachea, and the cuff pressure was calibrated to 20 cmH2O (1 cmH2O ≈ 0.098 kPa) before commencing the experiment. The viscosity of the secretion on the patients' cuff was classified (grade I was watery subglottic secretion, grade II was thick subglottic secretion, grade III was gel-like subglottic secretion), and the same viscosity secretion was injected into the catheter cuff. Utilizing a self-control approach, intermittent pressure measurement was initially conducted on both the cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff by improved pressure measurement method (intermittent pressure measurement group), followed by continuous pressure measurement experiment (continuous pressure measurement group). The leakage volume of the three viscosity subglottic secretions and the values of cuff pressure measurement of different shaped cuff catheters at 4, 6, 8 hours of inflation were recorded. A total of 180 retention samples were extracted from 24 patients with tracheal intubation during ventilation, with 90 samples in each of the two groups using different pressure measurement methods, and 30 samples of retention materials with different viscosities in each group. In the intermittent pressure measurement group, at 4 hours of inflation, all samples of secretion with grade I and grade II on cylindrical-shaped cuff leaked, while 3 samples of secretion with grade III also leaked. For conical-shaped cuff, 28 samples of secretion with grade I leaked, only 2 samples of secretion with grade II leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade III. At 6 hours of inflation, all samples of the three viscosity secretions on different shaped cuffs leaked. The leakage was gradually increased with the prolongation of inflation time. In the continuous pressure measurement group, at 4 hours of inflation, all samples of secretion with grade I on cylindrical-shaped cuff leaked, while 29 samples of secretion with grade II leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade III. For the conical-shaped cuff, 26 samples of secretion with grade I leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade II and grade III. At 6 hours of inflation, the conical-shaped cuff still had no leak for secretion with grade III. As the inflation time prolonged, the leakage of subglottic secretion on different shaped cuffs in both groups was gradually increased. At 8 hours of inflation, all samples experienced leakage, but the leakage of subglottic secretion on different shaped cuffs in the continuous pressure measurement group was significantly reduced as compared with the intermittent pressure measurement group [leakage for secretion with grade III (mL): 1.00 (0.00, 1.25) vs. 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) on the cylindrical-shaped cuff, 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) vs. 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) on the conical-shaped cuff, both P < 0.01]. The values of pressure measurement of cuffs with different shapes at different time points of inflation in the continuous pressure measurement group were within the set range (20-21 cmH2O). The cuff pressure at 4 hours of inflation in the intermittent pressure measurement group was significantly lower than the initial value (cmH2O: 18.3±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.0 in the cylindrical-shaped cuff, 18.4±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.0 in the conical-shaped cuff, both P < 0.01), and the cuff pressure in both shaped cuffs showed a significant decrease tendency as inflation time prolonged. However, there was no statistically significant difference in values of pressure measurement between the different shaped cuff catheters. Continuous pressure monitoring devices can maintain the effective sealing of conical-shaped cuff catheters at the lowest safe pressure. When using an improved pressure measurement method for intermittent pressure measurement and/or using a cylindrical cuff catheter, the target pressure should be set at 25-30 cmH2O, and the cuff pressure should be adjusted regularly.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF LEAD CHLORIDE ON KIDNEY OF GAMBUSIA AFFINIS

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of lead chloride on physiological and histopathological studies in Gambusia affinis . A total of 500 fish were collected from the bank of the river east of Mosul city. The fish in the aquarium were divided into five groups (control, acute exposure(20,25mg/l) and chronic exposure(5,10mg/l)). The bioaccumulation of lead in acute and chronic periods of exposure showed a significant difference in values between control and treatment. The greatest level was seen in the kidney of fish treated with lead dichloride at 10 mg/l for 30 days. The level of antioxidant Glutathione has a significant decrease in different kidneys of fish treated with pbcl2 exposed to acute and chronic concentrations. The lowest decrease was seen in kidneys of fish treated with Pbcl2 at 10 mg/l for a month. At the same time, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) level was seen in all kidney treated with PbCl2. Histological study of the kidney showed varying degrees of pathological lesions. The glomeruli in the kidney shrank, and degeneration of Bowman's capsule. The Pb accumulation increases with increasing concentration and period of exposure. Both acute and chronic effects caused a change in the level of antioxidants and histopathological changes in kidney of the fish. Histopathological study may be a useful indicator for determining the extent of aquatic contamination. It could be concluded that the kidney changes caused by lead exposures in fish may serve as a biomarker for the contamination of sub-lethal levels of heavy metals and other anthropogenic contaminants.

Ocular surface changes in primary open-angle glaucoma on anti-glaucoma medications versus treatment-naïve patients.

To examine the ocular surface disease in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients already on treatment versus POAG patients without treatment. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 eyes of 60 POAG patients: 60 treatment-naïve eyes (group I) and 60 eyes already on topical anti-glaucoma medications (AGMs) (group II). All patients had filled out the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive glaucoma workup. Tear break-up time (TBUT) test, Schirmer's test (type I), corneal sensitivity, anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and corneal and conjunctival staining were done at day 1, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up. On presentation, TBUT, Schirmer's test, tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear meniscus depth (TMD) were significantly higher in group I compared to group II. No significant difference was noted in OSDI score, corneal sensitivity, and tear meniscus area (TMA) between the groups on presentation. Both, lissamine green and rose bengal staining, had higher grades in group II compared to group I. Worsening of ocular surface disease was noted in both groups on follow-up. OSDI score, TBUT, Schirmer's test, TMH, and TMD had better values in group I in comparison to group II on follow-up. The study has identified glaucoma patients on AGMs to be more affected by dry eye disease (DED) compared to treatment-naive glaucoma patients. We found statistically significant differences in values of TBUT, Schirmer tests, lissamine and rose bengal staining, and AS-OCT parameters at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. OSDI scores showed significant differences at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. We recommend consideration of evaluation and management of DED/ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients on topical AGMs, particularly multiple drugs and doses.

Assessment of anterior malar projections using cephalometric and clinical photographs in Gujarati population

Midface plays a vital role in contributing to facial aesthetics; despite this, there prevails a need for orthodontic literature to provide specific diagnostic criteria. We are blessed with ample literature to evaluate such, but due to some shortcomings, we lack to decide exact treatment plan. To clarify such limitations of various midface analysis, there is a need to consider the projections of the malar prominence in individuals with different skeletal mal-relationships. 40 subjects between the ages of 10 and 12 years, were equally divided into groups based on visual assessment of negative and positive vector relationships. Groups A and B comprised 20 subjects (10 male, 10 female) displaying a positive and negative vector relationship respectively. For both groups, Sella-nasion-Orbitale angulations were measured to evaluate the subjects’ anteroposterior position of the malar eminence relative to the cranial base. The angulation measurements obtained for SNO were smaller in the negative vector than the positive on an average of 5.9°, P &amp;#60; 0.05. No significant difference in values between males and females was observed. Visual assessment of vector relationships can effectively classify anterior malar projection which can be utilized to decide different orthodontic treatment modalities.

THE EFFECT OF SEAWATER SOAKING ON THE STABILITY OF AC-WC MIXTURES USING KOYA AGGREGATE, JAYAPURA CITY

Roads are the basic infrastructure in driving the regional economy, so a good pavement structure is needed. One of the factors of road damage is standing water, for roads around the coast are likely to be inundated by sea water. Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) is one of the concrete asphalt layer which is able to provide good carrying capacity and waterproof layer for road structures. Some areas in kota Jayapura such as Koya have a large number of local aggregates. This study used oil asphalt as a binder, local aggregate for hot asphalt mixture, and saw the effect of sea water immersion in the asphalt mixture. The purpose of this study is to determine the volumetric value and Marshall value of the Laston AC-WC mixture against sea water immersion and without immersion. The material used is oil asphalt from PT. Pertamina and local aggregates from the Koya area. The research carried out is an experimental test in the laboratory, where the resulting asphalt concrete mixture (AC-WC) will be treated with sea water immersion, then Marshall characteristics testing will be carried out to determine its durability value. Based on the tests carried out, the results showed that the volumetric value and the marshall value of the samples treated with immersion did not provide a significant difference in values compared to normal samples. The results of the marshall value, namely the stability of all asphalt levels meet the specifications, while for flow only the asphalt content of 5.5% and 6% both by soaking and without soaking.

Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ammonia and nitrite on the air-beathing Siamese fighting fish, betta (Betta splendens) was studied for 96 h. The LC50 (50% Lethal Concentration) for 96 h for adult bettas to ammonia-N and nitrite-N was 123.4 mM (1.7 g/L, 95% confidence limits: 114.7–130.0 mM) and 24.6 mM (343.6 mg/L, 95% confidence limits: 22.7–26.4 mM) respectively. Exposure to 90 mM ammonia did not affect ammonia and urea excretion rates in bettas. There was no significant difference in values between control and ammonia-loaded (90 mM ammonia) individuals in either brain or liver activities of glutamine synthase, while plasma ammonia levels slightly increased. It appears unlikely that ammonia was converted to urea or amino acids for detoxification. Sublethal nitrite (24.6 mM nitrite) affected plasma nitrite, methemoglobin and hemoglobin. Plasma nitrite values remained much lower than ambient concentrations. Betta has a labyrinth organ and can breathe air. Bettas may temporarily reduce the entry of ammonia and nitrite into the body by increasing the rate of air respiration and reducing the contribution of the gill epithelium, which is highly permeable to these nitrogenous pollutants.

Does distance teaching of science and mathematics meet teachers’ expectations?: Science and mathematics teachers’ perceptions, attitudes, and challenges of distance education

The most important benefits appear in ability of distance education (DE) to face challenges related to classroom education, as student’s absence from lesson does not affect it. DE also reduces waste of time and money to reach school or university and enhances aspects of self-responsibility. When student is self-disciplined, she is given a greater opportunity to expand sources of knowledge. This study aimed to explore to which extent Jordanian science and mathematics teachers satisfied towards DE and identify their attitudes and challenges they faced considering some variables: teachers’ gender, region, school stages they teach, experience, knowledge in technology skills, and specialization. Study population consisted of all Jordanian teachers in public schools from all regions in Jordan. The study sample included 499 male and female teachers. We developed a study questionnaire, which contained 27 items. After examining its validity and reliability, it was spread out electronically according to snowball method. The study showed several results, science and mathematics teachers’ satisfaction of DE was moderate, and there were no statistically significant differences in value of importance of DE for all variables except teachers’ competence of information and communications technology (ICT) knowledge and skills. The results indicated that level of Jordanian teachers’ attitudes to DE was moderate, and there is a difference in their attitudes towards DE in favor of teachers who master ICT knowledge and skills. The results showed a difference in teachers’ attitudes according to their specializations for benefit of scientific track while there were no statistically significant differences for rest of the study variables. Finally, the results pointed out that there are many challenges facing teachers in DE, which came in strong category. The study results presented no statistically significant differences regarding challenges teachers faced in DE in all study variables. The study suggests training teachers on employing DE strategies effectively and implementation of digital applications and educational media. Also, it suggests redesigning academic content according to DE models and theories, designing assessment strategies and tools to measure achieving of the learning outcomes, providing schools with infrastructure of DE, and providing free and sufficient internet services and computers or laptops for teachers.

Frictional Resistance Increase Due to Hull Roughness: An Analysis of the Hull Form Parameters Influence

An awareness of the drag increase brought on by biofouling's roughness on the ship hull is one technique to cut emissions aboard ship. However, predicting the increased drag on ships poses significant challenges. When predicting the rise in frictional resistance brought on by roughness, the hull is considered flat. In fact, ship hulls have a variety of shapes, and it is not certain whether this is a factor influencing the magnitude of the increase in resistance due to roughness. In this article, the effect of the hull's form parameters— (ratio of length per breadth), (coefficient block), and (Length of center buoyancy)—on the increase in frictional resistance brought on by roughness have been investigated. The method used to calculate the ship resistance is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, complemented by roughness modelling using the wall function approach method. The Design of Experiment (DOE) method has been used to vary the shape of the hull model as a variation of the test specimen in this study. The verification and validation tests have been carried out on the CFD simulation results, where the results have been compared with proven empirical methods. Based on the study results, the value of frictional resistance and increased frictional resistance () of all specimens has shown no significant difference in value, evidenced by the variance values, ranging only 1.57-2.1%. Thus, these results prove that the increase in frictional resistance due to roughness is sufficient to assume the ship's hull as a flat plate. The other finding is that roughness can also increase the pressure resistance, and hull shape parameters also contribute towards changes in the value of resistance.

In silico molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ADMET analysis of fucoidan against receptor frizzled-8 and coreceptor LRP6 in Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and in vitro analysis of fucoidan extract from Sargassum echinocarpum as β-catenin inhibitor in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fucoidan on the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway using both in-silico molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ADMET analysis (in frizzled-8 receptor and LRP6 coreceptor) and in-vitro experiments using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Through the molecular docking analysis, the binding energies on the frizzled-8 receptor were −5.6, −5.1, −9.4, and −8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, those on the LRP6 receptor, were −7.3, −6.2, −10.0, and −9.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The results showed that fucoidan had a favorable binding affinity for both receptors. Furthermore, it was discovered to reduce the interaction and binding affinity between Wnt agonists to frizzled-8 and LRP6 receptors. This reduction was reflected in the change in the binding energy of the fucoidan-Wnt agonist-frizzled 8 and fucoidan-Wnt agonist-LRP6 complexes, which exhibited decreases of −7.0 kcal/mol and −7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Fucoidan was found stable in complexes with frizzled-8 receptor and co-receptor LRP6. ADMET study showed it’s non-carcinogenic and can be distributed in the body. Fucoidan effectively inhibited β-catenin production, a critical factor in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with fucoidan extract from S. echinocarpum at incubation times of 24, 48, and 72 h, resulting in a reduction of β-catenin levels by 95.19%, 83.88%, and 80.88%, respectively. Fucoidan also shows no significant difference in value compared to fucoidan standard (F. vesiculosus) and doxorubicin. Fucoidan exhibited antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cells, specifically through its modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, and held great potential as an herbal anticancer agent. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Assessment the impact of the torus tubarius correction by power-assisted technique on the equipressor eustachian tube function

Purpose of the research is to evaluate the impact of the torus tubarius correction by microdebrider technique on the eustachian tube function in children without middle ear pathology. Materials and methods. 115 children aged 3 to 12 years participated in the study. All children underwent endoscopic modified microdebridement adenotomy for the first time, which, in the case of tubal hypertrophy (we analyzed the frequency of this phenomenon), was combined with its correction by the microdebridement method. For the next stage of the research, we selected 19 children, who had preoperative intratympanic pressure monitoring results more than -100 daPa and who hadn’t concomitant tonsil hypertrophy (19 children). Control measurement was done on days 1 and 8-10 after the intervention. Depending on the presence/absence of concomitant hypertrophy of the torus tubarius, patients were divided into the main (11 patients) and control (8 patients) groups. The analysis was carried out using the STATISTICA program. Results. 36 patients were diagnosed with torus tubarius hypertrophy. When comparing intratympanic pressure on the 1st day after the intervention in patients of the main and control groups, a significant difference in values was found (-144.37±41.09/-95.00±27.90 daPa). On day 8-10, the intratympanic pressure data in patients of both groups did not differ from each other (-39.15±14.85 daPa in the main and -33.87±19.57 daPa in the control groups) and preoperative values in both groups. Conclusions. Hypertrophy of the torus tubarius is noted in 31.3% of patients with primary adenotomy. The microdebrider technique method of torus tubarius correction is safe in view of the equipressor function of the auditory tube. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of parents or their guardians was obtained for conducting research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS ABOUT BARRIERS IN ONLINE LEARNING FOR TEACHERS DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19 IN KEMILING DISTRICT BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY 2023

Background. There are still many teachers who have learning barriers during the pandemic. Teachers from Elementary School 2 Beringin Raya and teachers from Elementary School 2 Sumberejo who had learning obstacles with students such as network constraints, learning applications, parental conditions, limited student learning devices because mobile phones were brought by working parents and lack of supervision. Research Purpose. To find out the comparison of online learning barriers for elementary school teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic at Elementary School 2 Beringin Raya and Elementary School 2 Sumberejo in Kemiling District, Bandar Lampung City. Research Method. Quantitative research with Cross-Sectional approach. The study was conducted on 73 respondents using total sampling technique. Sampling technique using online learning barriers questionnaire during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings. The hampered at Elementary School 2 Sumberejo is that the average score of 76.86 is higher (bad) than the average score at Elementary School 2 Beringin Raya is 71.16 lower (good). When compared using the statistical test Mann-Whitney test, there is also a difference in Mean Rank between Elementary School 2 Sumberejo 42.49 and Elementary School 2 Beringin Raya 31.66. There is a significant difference in value between Elementary School 2 Sumberejo and Elementary School 2 Beringin Raya with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion. There is a difference in online learning barriers between the two elementary schools in Kemiling District, Bandar Lampung City in 2023. The teacher who was most hampered by learning during the Covid-19 pandemic was Elementary School 2 Sumberejo.

Pengaruh Pemberian Inhalasi Aroma Terapi Lavender terhadap Kualitas Tidur Lansia di Kelurahan Harjamukti Depok

The Elderly is a process in human life characterized by a decrease in physiological, physical, psychological, social, and cognitive functions. Most of the elderly are prone to sleep problems due to various causative factors, one of which is elderly often experience changes in sleep patterns, with around 40 to 50% of the elderly experiencing sleep disturbances. This study aimed to determine the effect of inhalation of lavender aroma therapy on sleep quality in the elderly in RW 003 Harjamukti Village, Cimanggis Depok. This type of research uses quantitative data using apseudo-experimental research design. In this study, the population was 135 respondents and the sample of this study was 34. This study used purposive sampling. The normality test was carried out and the data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test, to see the effect of giving lavender aroma therapy inhalation on the quality of elderly sleep. Based on the results of the study, it was found that after using lavender aroma therapy there were 30 (88.23%) respondents with a total score &amp;lt; α (0.05) which means it has a very significant difference in value. The results of the Wilcoxon testfound that 4 respondents experienced a decrease after the intervention, 1 remained, and 29 experienced an increase after receiving the intervention. So it can be concluded that the provision of lavender aroma therapy inhalation affects the quality of sleep of the elderly in RW 003 Harjamukti Keluharan Cimanggis Depok in 2022.

A comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of tooth restoration complex restored with PEEK and lithium disilicate endocrowns.

This in vitro study was conducted to compare the fracture resistance of tooth restoration complex restored with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and lithium disilicate endocrowns. A total of 46 extracted premolars were collected and treated endodontically. The teeth were mounted in cylindrical molds using autopolymerizing resin and were prepared for endocrown restoration. Specimens were divided into two groups (n = 23) to receive endocrowns made with two different materials (polyetheretherketone and lithium disilicate). All the specimens were subjected to thermal cycling. The fracture resistance test was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. Fractographic analysis was carried out using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope after load test. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Intergroup comparison (two groups) was performed using a t-test. Comparison of frequencies of categories of variables with groups was performed using chi-square test. Fracture resistance tests showed a statistically significant difference in values between the two groups (p<0.01). High fracture resistance values were seen with lithium disilicate endocrowns. Failure mode analysis showed that both groups exhibited mainly catastrophic failure. There were no significant differences in frequencies of the type of fracture between the groups. The fracture resistance of endocrowns fabricated with lithium disilicate material was found to be significantly higher than polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material. Hence, lithium disilicate material is superior for endocrowns.

IN VITRO MUCOLYTIC ACTIVITY DETERMINATION OF N-ACETYL CYSTEINE EFFERVESCENT TABLET USING SUSPENDED LEVEL VISCOMETER

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro mucolytic activity of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) effervescent tablet using egg white solution and suspended level viscometer. Methods: Egg white has similar physicochemical characteristics with airway mucus, thus in vitro mucolytic activity of NAC effervescent tablets was assessed using an egg white solution and a suspended level viscometer. This was also compared with API and marketed effervescent tablets. Outcomes were statistically analysed using a single-factor ANOVA and a paired t-test. Results: The results show, in all three cases, i.e., API, Test tablet, and Commercial tablet, viscosity reduced linearly as the concentration was raised from 10 to 60 mg/10 ml having R2 values 0.9973, 0.9909, 0.9953 respectively. When compared to the negative control solution, viscosity rapidly decreased, which amounted to 71.10 %, 73.03 % and 84.63 % of API, Test tablet and Commercial tablet, respectively. The p values of single factor ANOVA and paired t-test were found to be very less than 0.05 in all cases. Conclusion: NAC effervescent tablet's in vitro mucolytic activity was successfully assessed; results suggested that linearly decreases in viscosity as the concentration of NAC increases and statistical analysis shows significant differences in values.

Flexural Strength of Heat Cure Denture Base Resin incorporated with Curcumin: An In-Vitro Study

Introduction: Acrylic resin when used for fabrication of denture is susceptible for microbial colonization. Many antimicrobial agents have proven effective against the microbial colonization when they were incorporated into the acrylic resin but adding anything into the acrylic resin can alter its mechanical properties resulting into unacceptable intraoral use. This study was done to evaluate ifadding an antimicrobial agent, Curcumin, alters the flexural strength of acrylic agent. Methods: 172 acrylic strips were fabricated. They were divided equally into 4 groups depending upon concentration of curcumin as Control, T1: 1% curcumin, T2: 3% curcumin and T4: 5% curcumin. Flexural strength was tested using 3-point bend test using Universal Testing Machine. Results: There was no significant difference in values of mean flexural strength for control, 1% and 3% curcumin groups. There was significant difference in the mean value between control and 5% curcumin group. Conclusion: 1% and 3% curcumin can be incorporated into acrylic resin without significantly altering its mechanical properties.

How is financial reporting fraud with the fraud hexagon approach before and during Covid-19 pandemic?

This study investigates the impact of fraud hexagons on financial statement fraud in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange before and after the covid-19 outbreak. The study's sample size was 168 data points. To evaluate the hypothesis, the data analysis approach employs logistic regression, as well as sample paired t-tests and the McNemar test. The findings revealed that financial statement fraud was influenced by pressure, rationalization, and capability. Meanwhile, chance, arrogance, and collaboration have little effect on financial statement fraud. The disparity in values between before and during the covid-19 epidemic had a substantial impact on financial stability. Other factors, on the other hand, indicate no significant differences in value when comparing before and after the Covid-19 epidemic. This study has consequences for stakeholders, the government, and the general public in terms of being aware of the likelihood of fraud when a phenomenon such as the covid-19 epidemic occurs.