Significant Difference In Survival Rate Research Articles

Can narrow-diameter implants enhance patient-reported outcomes for mandibular implant-retained overdentures?

A systematic review and meta-analysis. To evaluate and compare stability and functionality between narrow and standard implant-retained mandibular overdentures in edentulous patients from multiple perspectives. Assessments included clinical parameters [survival rate (SR) and marginal bone loss (MBL)], along with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The study protocol followed PRISMA criteria for reporting reviews and meta-analyses. Using appropriate keywords, electronic search was conducted in each of the following databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to July 22, 2022. There were no restrictions based on language, publication type, or publication date. Additionally, ongoing studies were explored in ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP, while cross-references in each selected study were manually examined. The eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing narrow implants (diameter ≤ 3.5 mm) to standard implants (diameter > 3.5-4.5 mm) retaining mandibular overdentures in edentulous patients. Excluded were studies with unclear implant diameter information, fewer than 5 patients per group, observational studies, reviews, and laboratory studies. Two authors independently conducted study selection, data collection, and analysis, resolving any discrepancies through discussion with a third author. Methodological quality was assessed using RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Implant SR and MBL measurements at final follow-up were recorded, while patient satisfaction and OHRQoL were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS-100) and oral health impact profile (OHIP) questionnaire, respectively. After duplicate removal, 782 publications and 83 registered clinical trials were identified, of which 26 were eligible for full-text assessment. Ultimately, the quantitative evaluation included 12 publications from 8 independent studies: 4 parallel design RCTs and 4 CCTs. Risk of bias assessment revealed variations among the studies, with only one study being rated as having low risk. The follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 3 years. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in SR and MBL between narrow and standard implant groups (p = 0.29 and p = 0.93, respectively), with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 100% and I2 = 78%, respectively). Regarding PROMs, the narrow implant group showed significantly higher levels of patient satisfaction (mean difference (MD): 8.18; 95% CI: 5.83 to 10.53; p < 0.00001; I2 = 36%) and exhibited a significant improvement in OHRQoL (MD: -4.36; 95% CI: -6.83 to -1.89; p < 0.001; I2 = 55%) compared to the standard implant group. For implant-retained mandibular overdentures, the use of narrow implants is associated with comparable SR and MBL, along with higher patient satisfaction and better OHRQoL improvement as compared to standard implants, offering a viable alternative option for patients with diminished alveolar bone width.

Nomograms Predict PFS and OS for SCLC Patients After Standardized Treatment: A Real-World Study.

This study aims to investigate the process of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients from achieving optimal efficacy to experiencing disease progression until death. It examines the predictive value of the treatment response on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of SCLC patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 136 SCLC patients diagnosed from 1992 to 2018. Important prognostic factors were identified to construct nomogram models. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves. Survival differences between groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Subsequently, an independent cohort consisting of 106 SCLC patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2021 was used for validation. We constructed two nomograms to predict first-line PFS (PFS1) and OS of SCLC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the PFS1 nomogram predicting PFS at 3-, 6-, and 12-months were 0.919 (95% CI: 0.867-0.970), 0.908 (95% CI: 0.860-0.956) and 0.878 (95% CI: 0.798-0.958), and for the OS nomogram predicting OS at 6-, 12-, and 24-months were 0.814 (95% CI: 0.736-0.892), 0.819 (95% CI: 0.749-0.889) and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.678-0.941), indicating those two models with a high discriminative ability. The calibration curves demonstrated the models had a high degree of consistency between predicted and observed values. According to the risk scores, patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, showing a significant difference in survival rate. And these findings were validated in another independent validation cohort. Based on the patients' treatment response after standardized treatment, we developed and validated two nomogram models to predict PFS1 and OS of SCLC. The models demonstrated good accuracy, reliability and clinical applicability by validating in an independent cohort.

Assessment of fish protein hydrolysate as a substitute for fish meal in white shrimp diets: Impact on growth, immune response, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

This study investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate derived from barramundi on growth performance, muscle composition, immune response, disease resistance, histology and gene expression in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). In vitro studies demonstrated FPH enhanced mRNA expressions of key immune-related genes and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytic activity in shrimp hemocytes. To evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with FPH in vivo, four isoproteic (43 %), isolipidic (6 %), and isoenergetic diets (489 kcal/100 g) were formulated with fish meal substitution levels of 0 % (control), 30 % (FPH30), 65 % (FPH65), and 100 % (FPH100). After 8-week feeding, the growth performance of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly lower than that of control and FPH30 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the midgut histological examination revealed the wall thickness and villi height of FPH100 were significantly lower than those of control (p < 0.05). The shrimps were received the challenge of AHPND + Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 and 8. All FPH-fed groups significantly enhanced resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 (p < 0.05). However, this protective effect diminished after long-period feeding. No significant difference of survival rate was observed among all groups at week 8 (p > 0.05). The expressions of immune-related genes were analyzed at week 4 before and after challenge. In control group, V. parahaemolyticus significantly elevated SOD in hepatopancreas and Muc 19, trypsin, Midline-fas, and GPx in foregut (p < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreatic SOD of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly higher than that of control before challenge (p < 0.05). Immune parameters were measured at week 8. Compared with control, the phagocytic index of FPH 30 was significantly higher (p < 0.05). However, dietary FPH did not alter ROS production, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, and total hemocyte count (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that FPH30 holds promise as a feed without adverse impacts on growth performance while enhancing the immunological response of white shrimp.

The effect of the ratio of aneurysm sac diameter to patient age on the long-term efficacy of different surgical methods for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm

Objective: To investigate the effect of the ratio of the maximum diameter of aneurysm sac to age (R) on the long-term efficacy of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair (OSR) in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.The clinical data of 317 patients with IAAA who underwent surgical repair in the Department of Vascular Surgery,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2016 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected.There were 266 males and 51 females,aged (69.7±8.3) years (range:37 to 87 years).The R value of the patient was calculated and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to establish a model to calculate the optimal cut-off value.The propensity score matching method was used to match the baseline data of patients in the EVAR and OSR group by 3∶1 (the caliper value was 0.05),and the patients were stratified according to the cutoff value of R,and the postoperative efficacy and survival of the patients were analyzed.The primary endpoint was the total mortality rate,and the secondary endpoints included the occurrence of postoperative complications and reintervention.Pearson χ2 or Fisher 's exact test was used for categorical variables,and t test was used for continuous variables to compare differences between groups.The survival curves of the two groups were described by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: After propensity score matching,198 cases were in the EVAR group and 66 cases were in the OSR group.The ROC model showed that the best cut-off value of R value was 0.90,and the two groups were divided into two layers:R<0.90 and R≥0.90.Among them,112 patients with R<0.90 (84 cases of EVAR,28 cases of OSR);there were 152 patients with R≥0.90 (114 cases of EVAR and 38 cases of OSR).The follow-up time was (23.6±1.6) months (range:1 to 70 months).In the R≥0.90 stratification,the total mortality (26.3% vs.5.3%,P<0.05),complication rate (44.7% vs.26.3%,P<0.05), and secondary intervention rate (31.6% vs.13.2%,P<0.05) in the EVAR group were higher than those in the OSR group.In the R<0.90 stratification,there was no significant difference in the total mortality rate (13.1% vs.10.7%,P<0.05),complication rate (28.6% vs.35.7%,P>0.05) and secondary intervention rate (14.3% vs.21.4%, P>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions: When R≥0.90 in IAAA patients,OSR maybe more beneficial to patients in terms of survival rate,postoperative complication rate and secondary intervention rate than EVAR.When R<0.90,there are no significant differences in survival rate,complication rate and secondary intervention rate between the two surgical methods.

Patterns of neonatal admissions and mortality among neonates admitted to special neonatal care units: a two-year cross-sectional study at selected special neonatal care units in Odisha, India

Background: Odisha has built 44 special newborn care units to treat severely sick infants at various levels. This study aimed to determine morbidity and mortality profiles among neonates admitted to the SNCUs and extend efforts to improve outcomes by investigating crucial variables. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on all neonates admitted to SNCUs of 4 districts (Balangir, Kalahandi, Koraput, and Rayagada) between two calendar years (January 2020 and December 2021). We collected data on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and neonatal and maternal characteristics. We used Microsoft Excel to analyze categorical and continuous variables, with the Chi2 test for proportion comparison. Results: 17615 neonates were admitted in 2020-2021, 58% below one day and 59% male. ST babies were predominant. Outborn unit had 52% admissions, with 67% full-term and 31% pre-term. 74% of outborns used government vehicles for transportation. Most diagnoses were birth asphyxia, HIE, neonatal jaundice, low birth weight, and neonatal sepsis. The study found that 43% of neonates died from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy /perinatal asphyxia, 22% from Sepsis, 12% from extremely low birth weight babies, and 9% from prematurity. The Chi2 test showed a statistically significant difference in survival rates between doctors and dai, with a 91% survival rate and a 71% survival rate. Conclusions: Birth asphyxia was found to be the most essential cause of morbidity and mortality. Regular training at district levels is crucial for ensuring proper newborn care, including warmth, feeding, cleanliness, and prevention of asphyxia, to reduce preterm birth and low birth weight.

Establishment and evaluation of rat models of parastomal hernia.

Parastomal hernia poses a challenging problem in the field of hernia surgery. The high incidence and recurrence rates of parastomal hernia necessitate surgeons to enhance surgical techniques and repair materials. This study aimed to develop a rat model of parastomal hernia by inducing various types of defects on the abdominal wall with colostomy. This established method has potential for future studies on parastomal hernia. In this study, 32 male rats were included and randomly divided into four groups: the oblique abdominis excision (OE), oblique abdominis dissection (OD), rectus abdominis excision (RE), and rectus abdominis dissection (RD) groups. In each group, colostomy was performed and an abdominal wall defect was induced. The rats were observed for 28days following surgery. The survival rate, body weight, parastomal hernia model scores, abdominal wall adhesion and inflammation, and collagen level in the hernial sac were compared. No significant differences in survival rate and weight were observed among the four groups. The parastomal hernia model scores in the RE and RD groups were significantly higher than those in the OE and OD groups. The ratio of collagen I/III in the RE and RD groups was significantly lower than that in the OE and OD groups. Adhesion and inflammation levels were lower in the RE group than in the RD group. Based on a comprehensive comparison of the findings, RE with colostomy emerged as the optimal approach for establishing parastomal hernia models in rats.

Effect of light intensity on the survival of European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) larvae reared in aquaculture system

Light plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and survival of aquatic organisms. To evaluate the survival of European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) larvae in relation to different light intensities (26, 359, and 910 lux, equivalent to 0.35, 4.74, and 12.29 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively), this study monitored the survival rates of reared spiny lobster from the early instar phyllosoma stages to their metamorphosis into the puerulus stage (111 days after hatching) at the three light intensities. The newly hatched larvae were cultured in 65-L Kreisel tanks with 200 individuals each (three replicates per treatment, i.e., light intensity). Phyllosoma stages I to III larvae showed no significant differences in survival rates under different light intensities. However, light intensity did have a significant impact on the survival rates of phyllosoma stages IV and V as well as the metamorphosis of phyllosoma VI into puerulus. The highest survival rates were observed under high and medium light intensity conditions. At the end of the experiment, the highest mean survival rate for stage VI, the metamorphosis into the puerulus stage, was 42.0 ± 2.52 % under high light intensity. These survival rates for reared pueruli were 84 times higher than those achieved in previous studies. The present study results show promise for the successful implementation of commercial scale rearing protocols for European spiny lobster and have implications for the design of crustacean larvae culture systems.

A combination of cuproptosis and lncRNAs predicts the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in cervical cancer

BackgroundCuproptosis induces proteotoxic stress and eventually leads to cell death. However, the relationship between cuproptosis and lncRNAs in cervical cancer has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aim to explore the association among lncRNAs, cuproptosis and clinical features in cervical cancer.MethodsRNA sequencing, genetic mutations, and clinical data of CESC patients were obtained from TCGA. Cuproptosis-associated genes were gathered. WGCNA was used to cluster important modules, and KEGG, GO, GSEA and GSVA were used to explore functional and pathway enrichment. The association between immune microenvironment and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs was performed by using cibersort algorithm and other platforms, including XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER and EPIC. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to detect the expression of LINC01833 and LINC02321, and CCK-8 and cell scratch assays were used to assess cell proliferation and migration capabilities after LINCRNA interference. Results202 upregulated and 45 downregulated lncRNAs were selected. The survival analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in survival rates between the high-risk and low-risk groups. The prognosis of tumour mutation burden and the degree of immune infiltration were differed noticeably between the high-risk and low-risk groups. BHG712, TL-2-105, FR-180204, Masitinib, TAK-715, ODI-027, JW-7-24-2, and OSI-930 had substantially higher IC50 values in the high-risk group. Notably, we found AL360178.1 was associated with RNF44 E3 ubiquitin ligase expression. In cervical cancer cell lines, LINC01833 and LINC02321 displayed significant upregulation. Efficient siRNA transfection led to a decreased expression of LINC01833 and LINC02321. This knockdown significantly hindered both cell proliferation and migration capabilities in cervical cancer cells compared to the negative control.ConclusionIn conclusion, we constructed five cuprotosis-related lncRNA prognostic models, which may be new tumor therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Frailty Influences the Relationship between the Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation-End Products and Mortality in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Frailty is prevalent among older adults with diabetes mellitus. Elevated serum levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation-end products (sRAGE) predict mortality in frail older adults. The evidence that sRAGE is also related to higher mortality in older adults with diabetes mellitus is inconsistent. Therefore, this study explored if frailty status influences the relationship between sRAGE and mortality in older adults with this condition. Methods: We analysed data of 391 participants with diabetes mellitus (median age, 76 years) from four European cohorts enrolled in the FRAILOMIC project. Frailty was evaluated at baseline using Fried’s criteria. Serum sRAGE was determined by ELISA. Participants were stratified by frailty status (n = 280 non-frail and 111 frail). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to assess the relationship between sRAGE and mortality. Results: During 6 years of follow-up, 98 participants died (46 non-frail and 52 frail). Non-survivors had significantly higher baseline levels of sRAGE than survivors (median [IQR]: 1,392 [962–2,043] pg/mL vs. 1,212 [963–1,514], p = 0.008). High serum sRAGE (>1,617 pg/mL) was associated with increased mortality in the whole diabetes sample after adjustment for relevant confounders (HR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.36–3.11, p < 0.001), and there was an interaction between sRAGE and frailty (p = 0.006). Accordingly, the association between sRAGE and mortality was stronger in the frail group compared to the non-frail group (HR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.30–4.90, p = 0.006 vs. HR 1.71, 95% CI: 0.91–3.23, p = 0.099, respectively). Likewise, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant difference in survival rates between frail participants with high sRAGE and those with low sRAGE (p = 0.001), whereas no survival difference was seen in the non-frail group (p = 0.09). Conclusions: Frailty status influences the relationship between sRAGE and mortality in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Determination of sRAGE in this population could be a useful tool for risk stratification.

Evaluation of models to predict prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TACE combined with apatinib.

The HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI scores have been substantiated as reliable prognostic markers in patients presenting with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. Given this premise, our research aims to assess the predictive efficacy of these models in patients with intermediate and advanced HCC receiving a combination of TACE and Apatinib. Additionally, we have conducted a meticulous comparative analysis of these four scoring systems to discern their respective predictive capacities and efficacies in combined therapy. Performing a retrospective analysis on the clinical data from 200 patients with intermediate and advanced HCC, we studied those who received TACE combined with Apatinib at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China between June 2018 and December 2022. To identify the factors affecting survival, the study performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, with calculations of four different scores: HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI. Lastly, Harrell's C-index was employed to compare the prognostic abilities of these scores. Cox proportional hazards model results revealed that the ALBI score, presence of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT, )and tumor size are independent determinants of prognostic survival. The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed significant differences in survival rates among patients classified by the HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI scoring methods. Of the evaluated systems, the HAP scoring demonstrated greater prognostic precision, with a Harrell's C-index of 0.742, surpassing the alternative models (P < 0.05). In addition, an analysis of the area under the AU-ROC curve confirms the remarkable superiority of the HAP score in predicting short-term survival outcomes. Our study confirms the predictive value of HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI scores in intermediate to advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving combined Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Apatinib therapy. Notably, the HAP model excels in predicting outcomes for this specific HCC subgroup.

Association between triglyceride–glucose index trajectories and radiofrequency ablation outcomes in patients with stage 3D atrial fibrillation

BackgroundThis study investigates the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index trajectories and the results of ablation in patients with stage 3D atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients who underwent AF Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) at the Cardiology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2016 to December 2022. The main clinical endpoint was determined as the occurrence of atrial arrhythmia for at least 30 s following a 3-month period after ablation. Using a latent class trajectory model, different trajectory groups were identified based on TyG levels. The relationship between TyG trajectory and the outcome of AF recurrence in patients was assessed through Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe study included 997 participants, with an average age of 63.21 ± 9.84 years, of whom 630 were males (63.19%). The mean follow-up period for the participants was 30.43 ± 17.75 months, during which 200 individuals experienced AF recurrence. Utilizing the minimum Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and the maximum Entropy principle, TyG levels post-AF RFCA were divided into three groups: Locus 1 low-low group (n = 791), Locus 2 low-high-low group (n = 14), and Locus 3 high-high group (n = 192). Significant differences in survival rates among the different trajectories were observed through the Kaplan-Meier curve (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between baseline TyG level and AF recurrence outcomes (HR = 1.255, 95% CI: 1.087–1.448). Patients with TyG levels above 9.37 had a higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to those with levels below 8.67 (HR = 2.056, 95% CI: 1.335–3.166). Furthermore, individuals in Locus 3 had a higher incidence of outcomes compared to those in Locus 1 (HR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.146-2).ConclusionThe TyG trajectories in patients with stage 3D AF are significantly linked to the outcomes of AF recurrence. Continuous monitoring of TyG levels during follow-up may help in identifying patients at high risk of AF recurrence, enabling the early application of effective interventions.

Effects of Psidium guajava and Phyllanthus amarus extracts on digestive enzyme activity and growth of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings under high-temperature stress

The rise in water temperature by global warming is of high concern to aquaculturists. In this study, the effects of extracts-based diets on digestive enzymes, and growth performance in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings under elevated temperatures were investigated. Four distinct diets (control, Psidium guajava, (0.2%/kg) – Pg0.2, Phyllanthus amarus (0.5%/kg) – Pa0.5, and a mixture of Pg0.2 and Pa0.5 - Mix.) were administered to fish fingerlings for 42 days, followed by 4 days of temperature elevation. Fish were then continuously subjected for 42 days to temperatures of 27, 31, and 35°C to evaluate enzymatic activities and growth performance of fish. The results showed that although there is no interaction between two experimental factors on digestive enzyme activity and growth performance of fish, Pg0.2 followed by Mix groups accelerated digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylases and pepsin). Besides, enzymatic activities increased from 31°C to 35°C. The highest growth was observed from fish at 35°C followed by those at 31°C (p&lt;0.05) which was significantly higher than the control (27°C); however, there was no significant difference in survival rate. In conclusion, these findings suggested 2 appropriate diets (Pg0.2 and Mix) for optimizing growth of this species and consequently contributing to the sustainable aquaculture under the global warming scenario.

Abstract 3946: Weaving equity into the fabric of health: A deep dive into race, social determinants of health and facility type in pancreatic adenocarcinoma care

Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies, with significant differences in survival rates observed among various racial and ethnic groups. Despite advancements in care, ongoing racial disparities stress the need to uncover underlying causes. This study seeks to evaluate the interplay of race, social determinants of health, and treatment facility on overall survival (OS) of PDAC patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified PDAC patients from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2019, using National Cancer Database (NCDB) data. Patients not receiving treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation) or who were missing race were excluded. We performed a multivariable cox proportional hazards regression to explore the race and all-cause mortality relationship, stratified by facility type and income status. Patients were divided into income quartiles (SES) with the lowest SES represented by median zip code level income ≤$40,227, while highest SES indicated income levels ≥$63,333. Treating facility type included community or academic hospital. A two-sided P-value &amp;lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: The total cohort included 210,520 patients. The average age of the cohort was 66.4 (SD:10.7) years and most patients were white (80%, N=168,467), male (52.2%, N=109,844), treated at academic facility type (65.5%, N=136,623), and the highest SES was the largest (38.4%, N=71,205). In unadjusted analysis, Black patients had lower OS than Whites (HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 1.04-1.07, p&amp;lt;0.001)). As SES increases there was a corresponding decrease in hazards (p&amp;lt;0.001). In the multivariable subgroup analysis, survival were not significant for Black and White patients in highest SES at academic facilities (p=0.8). Of note, highest SES Black patients in community hospitals had worse survival than highest SES White patients (HR: 1.08 (95% CI:1.01-1.16, p=0.03)). However, lowest SES Blacks treated at academic facilities had superior survival compared to lowest SES Whites (HR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.96, p&amp;lt;0.001)). Conclusion: Survival differences among Black individuals were linked to SES and facility type. Highest SES was not protective for Black patients treated at community hospitals compared to their White counterparts, indicating additional factors driving outcomes. These findings highlight the intricate influence of race, SES, and perhaps biology on survival outcomes. Addressing these complexities through targeted research and intervention is crucial for reducing health disparities and fostering a more equitable healthcare landscape. Citation Format: Christopher Wu, Zhixing Song, Ramsha Akhund, Chandler McLeod, Lauren Wood, Herbert Chen, J. Bart Rose, Smita Bhatia, Andrea Gillis. Weaving equity into the fabric of health: A deep dive into race, social determinants of health and facility type in pancreatic adenocarcinoma care [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3946.

Predictive nomogram for lymph node metastasis and survival in gastric cancer using contrast-enhanced computed tomography-based radiomics: a retrospective study.

Lymph node involvement significantly impacts the survival of gastric cancer patients and is a crucial factor in determining the appropriate treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) and survival in patients with gastric cancer before surgery. Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 192 patients diagnosed with gastric carcinoma was conducted. The patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=128) and a validation cohort (n=64). Radiomic features of CT images were extracted using the Pyradiomics software platform, and distinctive features were further selected using a Lasso Cox regression model. Features significantly associated with LNM were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses and combined with radiomic scores to create a nomogram model for predicting lymph node involvement before surgery. The predictive performance of radiomics features, CT-reported lymph node status, and the nomogram model for LNM were compared in the training and validation cohorts by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. High-risk and low-risk groups were identified in both cohorts based on the cut-off value of 0.582 within the radiomics evaluation scheme, and survival rates were compared. Seven radiomic features were identified and selected, and patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups using a 0.582 cut-off radiomics score. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that radiomics features, diabetes mellitus, Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) 2002 score, and CT-reported lymph node status were significant predictors of LNM in patients with gastric cancer. A predictive nomogram model was developed by combining these predictors with the radiomics score, which accurately predicted LNM in gastric cancer patients before surgery and outperformed other models in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. The AUC values for the training and validation cohorts were 0.82 and 0.722, respectively. The high-risk and low-risk groups in both the training and validation cohorts showed significant differences in survival rates. The radiomics nomogram, based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT ), is a promising non-invasive tool for preoperatively predicting LNM in gastric cancer patients and postoperative survival.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Prognosis Prediction in Patients with Synchronous Primary Thyroid and Breast Cancer Based on SEER Database

This study aimed to develop prognostic prediction models for patients diagnosed with synchronous thyroid and breast cancer (TBC). Utilizing the SEER database, key predictive factors were identified, including T stage of thyroid cancer, T stage of breast cancer, M stage of breast cancer, patient age, thyroid cancer surgery type, and isotope therapy. A nomogram predicting 5-year and 10-year survival rates was constructed and validated, exhibiting strong performance (C-statistic: 0.79 in the development cohort (95% CI: 0.74-0.84), and 0.82 in the validation cohort (95% CI: 0.77-0.89)). The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve ranged from 0.798 to 0.883 for both cohorts. Calibration and decision curve analyses further affirmed the model’s clinical utility. Stratifying patients into high-risk and low-risk groups using the nomogram revealed significant differences in survival rates (P < 0.0001). The successful development and validation of this nomogram for predicting 5-year and 10-year survival rates in patients with synchronous TBC hold promise for similar patient populations, contributing significantly to cancer research.

Regulation of cancer stem cells by CXCL1, a chemokine whose secretion is controlled by MCM2

BackgroundA high expression pattern of minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) has been observed in various cancers. MCM2 is a protein involved in the cell cycle and plays a role in cancer growth and differentiation by binding to six members of the MCM subfamily. The MCM protein family includes MCM2 through MCM7.MethodsMCM2 has shown high expression in both lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and glioma stem cells (GSCs). We investigated the characteristics of CSCs and the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon in LCSCs and GSCs by MCM2. Additionally, we explored secreted factors regulated by MCM2.ResultsThere was a significant difference in survival rates between lung cancer patients and brain cancer patients based on MCM2 expression. MCM2 was found to regulate both markers and regulatory proteins in LCSCs. Moreover, MCM2 is thought to be involved in cancer metastasis by regulating cell migration and invasion, not limited to lung cancer but also identified in glioma. Among chemokines, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) was found to be regulated by MCM2.ConclusionsMCM2 not only participates in the cell cycle but also affects cancer cell growth by regulating the external microenvironment to create a favorable environment for cells. MCM2 is highly expressed in malignant carcinomas, including CSCs, and contributes to the malignancy of various cancers. Therefore, MCM2 may represent a crucial target for cancer therapeutics.

Survival and multidisciplinary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinic care at a United States Veterans Affairs medical center

Introduction/Aims: The purpose of this work was to investigate survival outcomes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at our Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center multidisciplinary ALS clinic and compare this to relevant data from several European studies.&#x0D; Methods: Our sample consisted of 56 total Veterans (n=56; 54 males, 2 females) that had been seen between June 24, 2013 and February 1, 2021 at our multidisciplinary ALS clinic.&#x0D; Results: The median survival time of our Veterans from symptom onset was 40.96 months (95% CI of 32.17, 76.07), and the median survival time from diagnosis was 23.77 months (95% CI of 18.64, 38.58). This was consistent with the literature. Further consistent with the literature is that multidisciplinary clinics, including ours, have survival advantage over general neurology clinics. Analyzing factors that contributed to this survival, we found significant protective effect on survival from Edaravone use (HR = 0.32, p = 0.036). Otherwise, there was no significant effect on survival noted from use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), or Riluzole.&#x0D; Conclusion: We found no significant difference in survival rates between our U.S. Veterans in our multidisciplinary ALS clinic and European multidisciplinary ALS clinics, and both are better than general neurology clinics. We also found that Edaravone use may provide some benefit to survival in this patient population.

Molecular Mechanisms of Growth Differences in Gymnocypris przewalskii and Gymnocypris eckloni through a Comparative Transcriptome Perspective

Genetic composition plays a crucial role in the growth rate of species, and transcriptomics provides a potent tool for studying genetic aspects of growth. We explored the growth rates and transcriptomes of the Cyprinids G. przewalskii (GP) and G. eckloni (GE). A total of 500 individuals of G. przewalskii and G. eckloni, matched in size, were separately cultured for 9 months in six cement tanks (each group with three replicates). Growth indices were measured, revealing that the growth rate of GE was greater than that of GP (p &lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference in survival rates (p &gt; 0.05). Simultaneously, we conducted RNA-Seq on the muscles of both GP and GE. The results indicated a significant difference of gene expression between GP and GE, identifying 5574 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of 10 DEGs demonstrated consistency in expression profiles with the results from the RNA-Seq analysis. The DEGs were significantly enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (ko00010), arachidonic acid formation (ko00061), arginine biosynthesis (ko00220), and the MAPK (ko04013), PI3K-Akt (ko04151), mTOR (ko04150), and TGF-β (ko04350) signal pathways, as revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. This study also identified some growth-related DEGs, such as IGF2, Noggin, Decorin and others. Notably, the low expression of IGF2 may be a factor contributing to the slower growth of GP than GE.

The Photoperiod Significantly Influences the Growth Rate, Digestive Efficiency, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Activities in the Juvenile Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus)

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different photoperiods (0 L:24 D, 6 L:18 D, 12 L:12 D, 18 L:6 D, 24 L:0 D, “Light (L) and Dark (D)”) on the growth performance and physiological responses of the juvenile scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus). Over a period of 56 days, parameters such as growth rate, digestive enzyme, immune enzyme, and antioxidant enzyme were meticulously evaluated in 90 lobsters subjected to these varying light conditions. The present study found no significant differences in survival rate (SR), molting frequency (MF), and meat yield production (MYP) among the various photoperiod treatments (p &gt; 0.05). Notably, the highest weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed under a 12 L:12 D photoperiod. In the continuous dark phase (0 L:24 D), pepsin (PEP) activity remained high in gastric tissues, while trypsin (TRYP) and chymotrypsin (CHT) activities reached the highest in hepatopancreas tissues. The α-amylase (AMS) activity in the hepatopancreas was most elevated under 18 L:6 D, and the optimal lipase (LPS) activity was recorded under 12 L:12 D. The activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hepatopancreas was highest in the absence of light (0 L:24 D), whereas the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) were most effective under the 12 L:12 D photoperiod. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), along with catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the hepatopancreas reached the highest at 12 L:12 D. The highest activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was seen under 18 L:6 D. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, was found to be highest under 12 L:12 D. Consequently, this specific photoperiod is essential for achieving optimal growth and maintaining appropriate physiological balance in the scalloped spiny lobster during aquaculture. These findings provide a foundational guideline for establishing the lighting environment in the farming of the juvenile scalloped spiny lobster.

Non-linear relationship between baseline fasting blood glucose and mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients, a retrospective cohort study.

The relationship between baseline fasting blood glucose (bFBG) and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has been the subject of debate, with limited exploration of the non-linear relationship between bFBG and death in these patients. This retrospective study categorized patients into four groups based on their bFBG using quartiles. Baseline clinical data at the initiation of dialysis were compared. Survival curves were plotted, and subgroup analyses were stratified by relevant covariates. To address the non-linear relationship, curve fitting and a threshold effect analysis were performed. The study included 379 PD patients with a median follow-up of 41.8 (22.6, 60.1) months. The COX proportional hazards model showed an association between bFBG and the risk of death after adjusting for confounding factors [hazard ratio (HR): 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.41, P = 0.009]. Stratified analyses indicated a stable correlation between bFBG and mortality. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed significant differences in survival rates among different groups based on bFBG levels (P < 0.01). The curve fitting analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between bFBG and mortality, with an inflection point at approximately 5.1 mmol/L. Our study has demonstrated a non-linear relationship between bFBG and mortality in PD patients. Additionally, we have found that the optimal bFBG value associated with the lowest risk of mortality is approximately 5.1 mmol/L.